90 衡水学院学报投稿平台:https://hssz.cbpt.cnki.net/ 第 24 卷
至弑君杀父,妄图颠覆彼此的角色。在驱使别人时,也不能量才任事,而是求全责备。总之,小人不但
不能承担自身的角色,甚至对于如何承担角色一无所知。所以,孔子对于不热心于修齐治平之道反而想
学稼圃的樊迟很不屑,甚至訾曰:“小人哉,樊须也!”[1]133
综上所述,“君子不器”不是指君子不只有一种功用,重点也不在君子的道德属性。“君子不器”
的真正含义,是指生活在关系和情境中的君子不像具体的器物一样只能被动承担社会分配给他的特定角
色,消极地发挥特定的角色功用;而是总能够主动分析自身所处的关系和情境,正确认识到自身的角
色,并且能主动将属于自己的角色责任承担起来。“君子不器”的外在表现,就是君子不管在什么情境
下都可以选择最为恰当的行为、从容应付各类棘手的事件、正确处理好各种关系,在各种情境中游刃有
余,从而使自己可以适应任何关系,可以生活于任何情境之中。
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[7] 王大庆.“君子不器”辨析[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2007(2):134-138.
[8] 董卫国.德性与知识的融通——孔子“君子不器”思想辨析[J].孔子学刊,2012(00):165-173,9.
[9] 王文锦.礼记译解[M].北京:中华书局,2016.
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An Ethical Analysis of the Role of “Jun Zi Bu Qi”
LI Xiangxiang
(College of Public Administration, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China)
Abstract: There are two kinds of understanding about “Jun Zi Bu Qi” ( A man of high virtue and high ability shouldn’t
be like an instrument whose function is limited to one aspect) among previous scholars: one is, based on the connotation
and function of “Qi” , that “Jun Zi” shouldn’t be good at doing only one thing, while the other is to conduct an in-depth
analysis of “Jun Zi”, connecting “Jun Zi Bu Qi” with the moral attribute of a “Jun Zi”. Those who stand for the first one
do not fully consider the characteristics of “Qi” and “Jun Zi”, while those who hold the second inevitably
misunderstand the key points or even over-interprets it. Both types of understanding are insufficient. “Qi” means that
people, like certain utensil, can only assume certain specific roles and play their role functions negatively. And “Jun Zi
Bu Qi” indicates “Jun Zi” has the ability to assume unlimited roles and choose the most appropriate behavior according
to the relationship and situation he is in.
Key words: “Jun Zi Bu Qi”; ethics; morality; role
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