$UGEHJ.LQJVEXU\\ZI‫ړ‬ :KLVN\\IXQ Ӿ๋ṛ‫ړ‬ጱ $UGEHJ҅ ‫᥿ᤩ҅ړ‬ԅ ʼnᴨᨬԏሴŊ̶6HUJH ࣁ :KLVN\\IXQ Ӿ᧔ ʼn,WŇ V JRWHYHU\\WKLQJŊ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅&DVN҅([6KHUU\\2DN 137 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙

̽ᐟᯌԏ౴̾҅ԅกᎪ᠉ḋಅࠔ Ӟጱ෭๜‫ܔ‬ӞἈ᜶শॊண‫ܔ‬໲ ᔮ‫ڜ‬ᴴᰁॺᕟ҅ኧᡡԏᭌ̵Եၖ ‫ޱ‬ᠿ̵ߝ‫ޱ‬ਹ݊ %7/ ࢥොᘶ‫ݷ‬ ۱ ໲҅ଚ ኧ ဩ ࢵ ܏ ᤵ ൊ ኮ ਹ +8<8 ඙‫҅ᦇᦡڏ‬ൈᕲӣ‫ݝ‬ᅎ ْԩ५ᐟᯌጱय़౴࣋ᶎ҅ᴴᰁ  ᕟ̶ กᎪ$NDVKL̽ᐟᯌԏ౴̾ ̽ᷢॠᡡ̾ ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅ &DVN҅3;6KHUU\\&DVN ̽Ե‫ޱ‬ὄ̾ ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅ &DVN҅5HG:LQH&DVN ̽ᅉ‫᠉ ̾ڄڀ‬ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅ &DVN҅VW)LOO%RXUERQ&DVN 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙 138

Ḥԏત.RPDJDWDNH&KULVWPDV  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅6LQJOH$QHMR&DVNIURP6KLQVKX0DUV'LVWLOOHU\\ 0DUV/H3DSLOORQ,LRᵪឡ‫ܔ‬໲  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅&DVN҅%RWWOH҅ᴴᰁ  ኒ̶ 139 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙

Ḥԏત.RPDJDWDNHEDU‫݌‬໲ ኧူ๜໲ʼn3RZHUŊ޾ᗦࢵጮཪ๙໲ʼn%DU%DUQVŊᕟ౮  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅&DVN ޾ &DVN҅ᴴᰁ  ኒ Ḥԏત.RPDJDWDNH6LQJOH&DVN%DUVKRZ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅&DVN҅ᴴᰁ  ኒ 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙 140

Ḥԏત.RPDJDWDNH0DPSHL+RWHO‫ܔ‬໲ଙ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅%RWWOH Ḥԏત.RPDJDWDNHଙ  ଙ҅๜࣑ᯌ᭜ࣁᳩᰀ݅਴ኦ๮ತ‫ݳ๋ک‬ᭇ‫ګ‬᭜শॊணጱሾह҅Ԟ੪ฎইՔጱ‫҅ݸ࣎ܯ‬զટ ԳࡅӞጱ຅మԅचᏐᦡᦇ‫ܔڊ‬ୗ᠉ḋ࢏҅ᘒզྌ࢏ࣁ  ଙ᠉ḋ‫ڊ‬ᶋଉቊᩃጱܻᯌ‫ݸ‬ٚ᧣ᣟ ౮ྌ‫ܔ‬ӞἈ᜶শॊண҅ള፳ٚਖ਼ܻ႖ᤰࣁᗦࢵཪ๙໲Ӿᆧ౮  ଙ҅ࢩྌᧆᯌߝ‫᧲ݢ‬ᥠᦤ‫מ‬૞ ᠉ ḋ ಅ ጱ ܲ ‫ ̶ݥ‬ଙ ࣁ ᳩ ᰀ ݅ य़ ᛔ ᆐ ᵰ ԯ Ӿ ਀ ᙙ ᘒ ౮҅‫ ఽ ݗ‬ຨ ᶲ Ӭ ࢺ ႎ̶‫ ڹ‬ຽ ኮ ‫؟‬ ʼn$ZDKLLUDJXz0DPLŊԅ෭๜ኮਹ࿰࿞଼ม֢ߝ̶  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅$PHULFDQ:KLWH2DN 141 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙

0DUV9LQWDJH6LQJOH0DOWଙ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅%RWWOH҅ᴴᰁ  ኒ҅6KHUU\\&DVN 0DUV0DOWDJHଙSOXV ๶ᛔỿ‫د‬છጱ๜࣑ᯌ᭜҅‫ېڠ‬ՈટԳࡅӞᮤӧՐฎ෭๜শॊணԏᆿᒓỲ඲ਇय़਍෸๗᠉ḋ਍ ᑀጱ૵‫҅س‬ๅࣁ൱ၐᯌ᭜ૡ֢๗ᳵ੒՜य़‫ێ‬൉೑҅ᬯ಍ํԧ‫ݸ‬๶ᒓỲ඲ਇ‫ݐ‬ᕪᝁ໒‫ڠ୏̵ه‬෭ ๜ࢵԾশॊணᬄᆓጱᓤᒍ̶ ଙ๜࣑ᯌ᭜ԭઊ໾݅ୌᒈ᠉ḋ‫҅ܯ‬വ‫ ڊ‬0DUV শॊண҅ᆐᘒ୮ ෸૱࣋ᵱ࿢֗ᭁ҅ӧ஑૪ԭ  ଙ؊Ծ҅ઊ໾݅ጱশॊணପᡐᤩ᫨ᑏ‫ک‬ỿ‫د‬છ҅ӷ࣋ጱশॊண ࣁᬰᤈ᧣޾‫݈҅ݸ‬᫨ᑏ‫  ک‬ଙԭᳩᰀ݅Ḥԏતઊᚕӥୌᒈጱ‫מ‬૞শॊண᠉ḋ‫ܯ‬ᬰᤈ๋‫ݸ‬ጱ ‫ف‬໲ᆧ౮҅ ଙጱỿ‫د‬છᆧ౮҅ٚ‫ے‬Ӥ  ଙጱ‫מ‬૞ᆧ౮҅ᇙྛጱ᧣޾ٚ‫ف‬໲ᑕଧ҅᭜੪ԧᬯྃ ឍ឴  ଙ ::$ Ӯኴ๋֯᧣޾Ἀ᜶শॊணय़ॹጱ֢ߝ̶ ҅PO 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙 142

0DUV7KH/XFN\\&DW ҅PO҅%OHQGHG:KLVN\\ ੄ॊகྩ࣋6LQJOH0DOWଙ &HOHEUDWLRQ\\HDURI 143 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙

੄ॊகྩ࣋6LQJOH*UDLQଙ ҅PO҅ᨕᇔশॊண ઊ઼<D]DPDNL6KHUU\\&DVNᵪឡ໲ҁኒ҂  ଙᤰኒ҅҅PO҅ ኒ 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙 144

1LNNDᒓỲଙ ᒓỲ  ଙฎ 1LNND ᵞࢫ๋ᘌଙղጱӞྃ᧣޾শॊணֵ҅አᴯ ଙ  ଙզӤጱἈ᜶শॊணӨᨕᇔশॊண҅զ  ጱྲֺ᧣޾҅ᳩ ෸ᳵጱᴯଙଃ๶ၫᮟጱḕ࿈Өӿᚲጱ‫̶ఽݗ‬ԭ  ଙᛗ  ଙᳵᴴਧ‫ࠓݎ‬ጱ  ኒᒓỲ  ଙ࣐ํ፳෸ձ 1LNND ᶶᳯጱ ᒓỲশՅᒟᓋ‫ݷ‬Өಋٟᖫ‫ྌ҅ݩ‬ኾೌ‫ܕ‬ጱᧆኒԅ  ଙಅവ ‫ڊ‬ጱ 1LNND:KLVN\\ ‫ڠݪل‬ӱ  ޮଙᕉஷᇇ๜ ҅PO҅%RWWOH ጮ૞+DNXVKX6KHUU\\&DVNᵪឡ໲  ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅ᵪឡ໲ 145 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙

ጮ૞+DNXVKX7KH2ZQHUŇV&DVN67VXERL &  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅ &DVN&҅%RWWOH҅+RJVKHDG ጮ૞+DNXVKXय़Ո΄ջ෭‫ק‬䮭᮱  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅੗ᛂഖࣕ҅෫ፋ 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙 146

ጮ૞+DNXVKX7KH2ZQHUŇV&DVN,  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅ &DVN,҅%RWWOH҅ᴴᰁ  ኒ҅6KHUU\\ %XWW ጮ૞+DNXVKX7KH2ZQHUŇV&DVN$% *UDQG+\\DWW)XNXRND  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅&DVN$%҅ %RWWOH҅ᴴᰁ  ኒ҅+RJVKHDG 147 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙

ጮ૞+DNXVKX7KH2ZQHUŇV&DVN '( ԅଣᐞ *UHV&OXE ޮଙᘒ‫ګ‬᭜̶  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅ &DVN'(҅%RWWOH҅+RJVKHDG 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙 148

᫷Գ၂ᴝᐟᘌᡡ༉ቖᴚ५٢ᕉஷӞॺ  ଙ҅ᴝᐟ༉ቖᴚ५٢҅ᇙ‫ᧆݎ‬ᕉஷᇇশॊண҅‫  و‬ኒ҅ྯኒ PO̶ᯈํሻٍ൳կ̶ 149 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙

㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙 150

᫷Գ၂.DUXL]DZD6SLULWRI$VDPDၠᳵṯӞᕟҁኒ҂   ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅(XURSHDQ2DN6KHUU\\&DVNVҁ  ኒ҂҅ᙧຽํ࿱Ⴗ̶   ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅(XURSHDQ2DN6KHUU\\&DVNVҁ  ኒ҂ ᫷Գ၂.DUXL]DZDࢻຽ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅&DVN҅१᮱᤯ደ 151 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙

᫷Գ၂.DUXL]DZDࢻຽ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅&DVN ᫷Գ၂.DUXL]DZDࢻຽ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅&DVN 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙 152

᫷Գ၂.DUXL]DZDࢻຽ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅&DVN҅१᮱᤯ደ ᫷Գ၂.DUXL]DZDࢻຽ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅&DVN 153 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙

᫷Գ၂.DUXL]DZDࢻຽ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅&DVN ᫷Գ၂.DUXL]DZDࢻຽ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅H[%RXUERQ&DVN҅ &DVN ᫷Գ၂.DUXL]DZDࢻຽ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO҅H[%RXUERQ &DVN҅&DVN҅‫ڹ‬ຽ᫷ஙᵇ᩸҅१᮱ํ᤯ደ 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙 154

ଙ҅Ӟኾ‫ݎݪل‬ᤈԧஂ෸෭๜শॊண๋ṛଙղᯌྃńń᫷Գ၂ ҅ܲᕪ܎ӻӮᕉ઎์။ᐑጱ໲‫ݩ‬ԅ  ጱቊᑑᯌ႖ྋ ୗᶎӮ҅Րᤰ  ኒ̶ྯӞኒ᮷ํᇿᒈጱ໑՞ҁᵦ‫؟‬೯ࣟ҂҅ྯඪᯌ᮷զ໑՞޸‫҅ݷ‬ᬯԞฎᧆᑑӮ᯦֯ጱᇿᇙԏ̶॒Ք෭‫ޝ‬ሿጱᬯඪ᫷Գ၂ ҅‫ݷ‬ԅʼnਪ᛼Ŋҁ7UHDVXUH6KLS҂̶ ᯌ႖ጱቊᑑᵱঅ༝ፐԏ҅᫷Գ၂  ՗ᯌຽ‫ک‬๙ᓟ᮷؉‫ک‬ԧӞӴӧᝌ҅ᔜૡᕡ֢҅᫷Գ၂ʼnਪ᛼ҁ7UHDVXUH6KLS҂Ŋ҅ӧ஑ӧ᧔ฎ ᯌӾᜏ๞ࣀߝ̶ᯌፋጱᅎఽ҅რԭ෭๜ᓟ໑ጱփᕹૡᜏߝੀ๙ᕡૡ๢‫ى‬ᓟ҅ଚኧ෭๜Ꭳ‫ݷ‬ૡ‫۽‬Өᝁ໒‫ه‬ጱ &RQWDJLRXV ‫ᦇᦡݶو‬Ҕ๙๭ ‫ݐڞ‬ᛔᴯଙ෯ྃᵪឡཪ๙໲҅޾᯦᭜শॊணಅአ‫ྃݶ‬๙๭҅զᬮܻᯌᦿኞጱሾह҅ٚᕪ᝕ࢵ๼‫ڊ‬ጱ᭜ຬ‫ق۽‬ಋૡਧ‫̶ګ‬ ᯌຽԞᐽಥ፳᫷Գ၂ጱ‫ڡ‬ஞ҅᯻አ෭๜փᕹ޾ᕕ҅ኧᕕᜏᒫӣդփՈ 1RULWR+DVHJDZD ಋૡ‫֢҅ګ‬ٚᮀ᧗෭๜ԡဩ‫ݷ‬ਹ 6RML 1LVKLPRWRҁᥜ๜ਤቃ҂൉ᒟ ʼn᫷Գ၂Ŋ ӣӻਁ҅ूḕᯌๅၫҔᵋፋᴫᩪጱੜٙৼ‫ڞ‬ฎኧশॊண֢ਹ 'DYH%URRP ໑ഝᯌ‫޾ݥܲܯ‬ᛔ૩ Յ᫝ᦢᳯᯌ‫ܯ‬፥ਫᕪܲ‫֢҅ڠ‬ๅԅํஞጱฎ҅ൊኮਹ 3DXO.HUVKDZ ᯈ፳෈ਁզ๙ᵦ୵ୗ॔‫ڰ‬ԧ 'DYH%URRP ൈᕲጱӞ‫ૣ҅ڔ‬௏ইේ҅ ୠ᪃ቊᩃ̶ 155 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙

᫷Գ၂.DUXL]DZDଙ໑՞ʼn7UHDVXUH6KLSਪ᛼Ŋ  ᠉ḋ҅ ᤰኒ҅҅PO̶ &DVN҅([6KHUU\\&DVN҅:KLVN\\IXQ̶ 㝛䌐崎䬚鮄鉿瑽㳌䬚鮄劋 㥓㛶䖳┺㐙 156

㝛䌐崎㎼ꮪ䬚ⷀ劔ꮺ⪫⺶ 䬚鮄锺⯵