educationandfuture.orgEducation Innovationand FutureJanuary 2025

Editor‘s Message：Embracing a NewEraof EducationFor decades, relentless advancements in technology and evolving societal perspectiveshavespurred progress across numerous fields. Yet, when we turn our gaze to the traditional educationsystem – spanning from infancy to adulthood – a stark reality emerges: establishededucationalphilosophies and techniques seem to have stagnated, failing to keep pace with the times. Thislagisnot merely confined to outdated curricula and pedagogical methods, but extends to a fundamentallack of innovation in core educational principles. As society continues to evolveatanunprecedented rate, the limitations of traditional education models are becoming increasinglyapparent, necessitating urgent and fundamental change. The modern challenge facing education is clear: How do we optimize the learningprocess,leveraging the latest in educational technology, innovative pedagogical concepts, andgroundbreaking scientific research, including insights from psychology and physiology, all withinanincreasingly condensed timeframe? This question encapsulates the very motivationbehindthecreation of this magazine and defines the core of our research focus. We seek to empower studentsto acquire more relevant knowledge within limited learning hours, ignite their passionfor learning,and help them discover their individual paths for future development. This is not just a challengetotraditional education models; it is, in fact, the very crux of contemporary educational reform. \"Education, Innovation and Future\" is a research-oriented journal dedicated to both thetheoryandpractice of education. Our mission is to explore and share the innovative concepts andpracticalexperiences that are driving this transformative period. We are committed to serving as adynamicplatform for educators, scholars, and policymakers to engage in meaningful dialogue, collectivelyadvancing the modernization of education. Through critical analysis of the latest educationaltechnologies, exploration of new pedagogical philosophies, and the promotion of cutting-edgelearning methods, we aspire to provide fresh perspectives and inspiration to the global educationalcommunity. The FMS group, founded in the 1960s by a student of Dr. Maria Montessori in the UnitedStates, hasdedicated itself for decades to early childhood and adult teacher education, accumulatingawealthof expertise and a network of professionals. Our teacher training institute, FMAE, has successfullytrained thousands of exceptional teachers in California. As we stand on the cusp of the AI era, FMAE,inspired by the spirit of Dr. Montessori, is eager to once again contribute to the advancementofeducation. This is our first step, join us in the journey forward!

Chief Editor

Sarah Zimmerman 2

January2025AHEAD

4TransformingEducationwithAI:A

VisionfortheFuture

By Todd Thomas

PSYCHOLOGY

8UnderstandingAdhd,Asd,And

PtsdInChildrenUnder12:

Differences,Diagnosis,And

Management

By Usha Gupta

MODERN SCHOOL14 Whatshouldparentsdoiftheirchildencountersschool

bullying

By Carolyn Lucento24 TheJourneyandModernRelevanceofMontessori

EducationintheUnitedStatesBy Ruth Tse

18 AnAnalysis of theChallengesandOpportunitiesin U.S. EducationPolicyAmidCultural Wars

By Karen GallowayTECH

21 AComparisonofCMSandSISPlatformsforUniversitiesandCollegesBy Gena EngelfriedFMAE|Founded in 1980 |Vol. 1 No. 1

ʹCover illustration by

Fountainhead Montessori

School fms.org

1Soften the blow of market downturns with a buffered ETF.

3POLICY

REVIEWSOCIETY

11 AnalysisoftheImpactofthe

2024U.S.PresidentialElectionon

DiversityandInclusionin

CaliforniaHigherEducation

By Amy Griffis

26 Doyouknowwhatkidstalking?By Silver Creek HighSchoolCSUDIGEST

27 Asystematic review:

EffectsofremotelearningduringCOVID-19lockdownonchildren’slearningabilitiesandschool

performance

By Beleney Ochoa

28 InvitationforSubmission

Transforming Education with AI: AVisionfor theFuturePersonalized Learning

AI systems can create tailored

educational experiences by

analyzing individual learning

patterns. Adaptive learning

platforms like DreamBox and

Squirrel AI adjust content

difficulty based on student

progress, ensuring optimal

challenge and engagement.

AI inEducation:

Current Opportunities

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised

to revolutionize education, offering

unprecedented opportunities for

both teachers and students. This

article explores the transformative

potential of AI in research and

study, outlining current

opportunities, challenges, and a

roadmap for future development. From personalized learning

pathways to enhanced research

tools, AI promises to streamline

processes, deepen engagement, and foster a more inclusive

educational environment. However, as we navigate this exciting frontier, we must also address critical

concerns about ethics, equity, and

the preservation of human-centric

education. Join us as we envision

an AI-driven future of learning that

amplifies human potential and

prepares us for the challenges of

tomorrow.

These AI applications arealreadymaking significant impactsinclassrooms worldwide. Forinstance, tools like Elicit andSemantic Scholar arebecomingindispensable for academicresearch, offering instant accessto credible sources, generatingoutlines, and suggestingrelatedtopics to expand learning. Thepotential for AI to streamlineadministrative tasks, suchasgrading and scheduling, alsofreesup valuable time for educatorstofocus on teaching andmentoring.Furthermore, AI-poweredplatforms are fosteringglobalconnectivity andcollaboration. Virtual

classrooms andcollaborativetools enable studentsandeducators to shareinsights,research, andresourcesinreal-time, breakingdowngeographical barriersandenriching the learningexperience withdiverseperspectives.

AI-powered tools like ChatGPT

and specialized research

assistants are revolutionizing

information gathering and

analysis for both teachers and

students. These tools can

automate the curation of

teaching materials, provide

summaries of complex research

papers, and identify emerging

trends in various fields of study.

Enhanced Research Tools

PersonalizedLearningAI-driven technologies offerinvaluable assistancetostudentswith disabilities, providingrealtime transcription, text-to-speechtools, and predictive text aidstoenhance accessibilityandinclusivity in education.

Challenges and Risks of AI inEducationCONTACT US: Submit your paper, by sending an e-mail to

info@educationandfuture.org. Please include your name, address and daytime

telephone number. 5

4

TransformingEducation withAI:AVision for the FutureWhile the benefits of AI in

education are significant, its

integration also poses several

challenges that must be carefully

addressed. At the top of the

pyramid is the issue of bias in AI

systems. These tools are only as

unbiased as the data they are

trained on, which means they can

inadvertently perpetuate

inequality in classrooms by

misrepresenting minority voices

or offering less accurate

recommendations for diverse

learners. Privacy and security concerns

follow closely, as the extensive

data required to personalize

learning raises questions about

how this information is stored

and used. Ensuring the ethical use

and secure storage of student and

teacher data is paramount to

maintaining trust in AI-driven

educational systems. There's also a risk of overreliance

on technology, which could

potentially dilute essential human

interactions in education.

Lastly, the environmental impact

of AI systems, which consume

significant computational

resources, must be considered. Developing energy-efficient AI

models is essential for

sustainable education practices in

an increasingly environmentally

conscious world.

This roadmap provides astructured approachtomaximizing AI's potential ineducation while addressingkeychallenges. By followingthesesteps, we can create anAI-enhanced educational ecosystemthat is ethical, inclusive, andeffective in meeting thediverseneeds of learners andeducatorsalike.

There's also a risk of overreliance

on technology, which could

potentially dilute essential human

interactions in education. The

mentor-student relationship, crucial for inspiring creativity and

empathy, must be preserved and

enhanced, not replaced by AI

tools. Accessibility and equity issues

arise from the unequal

distribution of AI tools across

different schools and

communities. This digital divide

could exacerbate existing

educational inequalities if not

addressed through concerted

efforts from policymakers and

technology developers. Roadmap for AI Development in Education

Future DirectionsforAIin EducationCross-DisciplinaryIntegrationAI should not be limitedtoSTEMsubjects. Its potential toanalyzehistorical texts, recommendliterature, and evenassesscreativeworks could enrichlearningacrossall disciplines. ImagineAI toolsthat can provide contextual

analysis of literary works, simulatehistorical events for immersivelearning, or offer real-timefeedback on musical performances.Emotional IntelligenceinAIFuture AI tools shouldincorporateemotional intelligencetoidentifystudents who may be strugglingemotionally or socially, offeringtimely interventions. Thesesystemscould analyze facial expressions,tone of voice, and writingpatternsto detect signs of stress, anxiety,ordisengagement, alertingeducatorsto provide support whenneeded.5

Case Studies: AI Success Stories in Education

DreamBox Learning

DreamBox Learning has

revolutionized math education

with its adaptive learning

platform. By using AI to analyze

over 48,000 data points per

student per hour, DreamBox

tailors math lessons to each

student's learning pace and style. Schools using DreamBox have

reported significant

improvements in math

proficiency, with some districts

seeing up to 59% higher growth

in test scores compared to non- users.

Century Tech

Century Tech's AI-powered

learning platform has been

adopted by schools across the UK, reducing teacher workload by up

to 6 hours per week. The

platform provides personalized

learning paths for students and

automates many administrative

tasks. In one case study, a

secondary school reported a 30%

increase in student engagement

and a 25% improvement in exam

results after implementing

Century Tech.

Seeing AI

Microsoft's Seeing AI apphastransformed learning for visuallyimpaired students. This AI- powered tool describes theworldaround the user, readingtext, identifying objects, andevenrecognizing faces. Ineducational

settings, it has enabledvisuallyimpaired students to participatemore fully in class activities, access written materials

independently, and navigateschool environments withgreaterconfidence. These case studies demonstrate the tangible benefits of AI in education across various contexts. Frompersonalized learning to accessibility tools, AI is already making a significant impact on student outcomesand teacher effectiveness. As these technologies continue to evolve and become more widely adopted, wecan expect to see even more innovative applications that address diverse educational needs andchallenges.

As we look to the future, AI in education will likely expand beyond these areas, supporting lifelonglearning with personalized recommendations for skill-building courses and certifications. This will

help individuals remain competitive in evolving job markets. Moreover, the focus should be ondeveloping AI that collaborates with human educators, complementing their efforts by providingactionable insights and freeing them from administrative burdens. This collaborative model ensuresthat technology enhances rather than detracts from the human aspects of education, creating asynergy between artificial and human intelligence in the learning process.

Ethical Considerations and Best Practices

Transparency and Explainability

AI systems used in education should be

transparent about their decision-making

processes. Educators, students, and parents

should have access to clear explanations of

how AI tools arrive at their recommendations

or assessments. Data Privacy and Consent

Robust policies must be in place toprotect

student data. This includes obtaininginformed consent for data collection, ensuring secure storage, and providingoptions for data deletion upon request. Equity and Inclusivity

AI tools should be designed with diversity in

mind, ensuring they cater to students from

various backgrounds, abilities, and learning

styles. Regular audits should be conducted to

identify and address any biases in the AI

systems. Human Oversight

While AI can provide valuable insights andautomate certain tasks, human educatorsshould always have the final say inimportantdecisions affecting students' educationandwell-being.

Conclusion: Embracing AI for a Brighter Educational FutureAs we stand on the brink of an AI-driven educational revolution, it's clear that the potential

benefits are immense. From personalized learning pathways and enhanced researchtoolstosupport for special needs students and streamlined administrative tasks, AI has the powertotransform every aspect of education. The future directions we've explored, such as cross-disciplinary integration, emotionally intelligent AI, and gamified learning experiences, painta picture of an engaging, efficient, and inclusive educational landscape. However, as we've discussed, this journey is not without its challenges. Issues of bias, privacy,equity, and the risk of over-reliance on technology must be carefully navigated. The

roadmap we've outlined, focusing on clear objectives, collaborative development, ethical

considerations, and universal accessibility, provides a framework for addressing thesechallenges head-on. The key to successfully integrating AI in education lies in striking a balance betweentechnological innovation and human-centered learning. AI should augment andempowereducators, not replace them. It should enhance the learning experience, not diminishthecrucial human interactions that are at the heart of education. By embracing AI responsiblyand ethically, we can create an educational ecosystem that prepares students not justfortAhsewjoebms oofvetofmorowrraorwd,, cbounttifnouroauslifdeitailmogeuoefbletawrneienng,edaudcaapttoartsi,onte,cahnndolgorgoiswtst,hp. olicymakers, and students will be essential. Together, we can shape an AI-enhanced educational futurethat is inclusive, effective, and inspiring – a future where every learner has the opportunityto reach their full potential, supported by the best that both human wisdomandartificial

intelligence have to offer.

Implementing these ethical considerations and best practices is crucial for the responsible integrationofAI in education. Educational institutions and technology developers must work together to createguidelines that prioritize student well-being, protect privacy, and ensure equitable access to AI-enhancedlearning opportunities. Additionally, it's important to foster digital literacy among students, teaching themto critically evaluateAI-generated information and understand both the capabilities and limitations of AI tools. This will

prepare them to be informed users and future developers of AI technologies. Regular ethical reviews and impact assessments should be conducted as AI technologies evolve, ensuringthat their use in education continues to align with core values of fairness, transparency, and human- centered learning. By adhering to these principles, we can harness the power of AI to enhance educationwhile safeguarding the interests of all learners.

PsychologyAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that essentially consists of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It causes impairment in functioning and development. It is one of the most prevalent disorders in children; it is found in about 5 to 10% of school-age children worldwide. UNDERSTANDING ADHD, ASD, AND PTSD IN CHILDREN UNDER 12: DIFFERENCES, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT Among the development and psychological setup disorders, ADHD, ASD, and PTSD are outstanding conditions that may seriously affect a child's life. Though these disorders showed, sometimes, certain common symptoms, actually they are different disorders, having their own peculiarities, characteristics, causes, and treatment modalities. This thorough list of specifications will underline the three disorders with particular emphasis on children below 12 years of age for clarity, detection, and cure for the parents, teachers as well as health professionals. A comprehensive guide to the differences, diagnosis, and management of Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in young children. 8

Investing

ʹ Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

(PTSD)

Diagnosis and Management of

ASD

1 Diagnosis

Comprehensive evaluation

including developmental

screening, diagnostic evaluation, standardized tools like ADOS and

ADI-R, and DSM-5 criteria

assessment

2 Early Intervention

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Speech and Language Therapy, Occupational Therapy

3 Educational Interventions

Individualized Education

Programs (IEPs), structured

teaching methods, social skills

training

4 Behavioral & Communication

Interventions

Positive Behavior Support, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Picture Exchange Communication

System (PECS), Augmentative

and Alternative Communication

(AAC) devices

5 Additional Support

Sensory Integration Therapy, medication for co-occurring

conditions, family support and

training

1 Re-experiencing Symptoms

Intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbacks, intense distress when

reminded of trauma

2 Avoidance Symptoms

Avoiding thoughts, feelings, or

conversations about the trauma, avoiding related people, places, or activities

3 Negative Changes in Thoughts

& Mood

Persistent negative emotions, diminished interest in activities, feeling detached from others

4 Arousal and Reactivity

Symptoms

Irritability, angry outbursts, hypervigilance, exaggerated

startle response, difficulty

concentrating or sleeping

5 Additional Features in

Children

Regression in developmental

skills, new onset of separation

anxiety, reenacting trauma

through play

ʹ Causes, Diagnosis, and Managementof PTSD in ChildrenCauses and Risk FactorsPTSD is linkedto exposuretotraumatic

events such as: • Physical, sexual, oremotionalabuse• Witnessing domesticviolence• Natural disasters oraccidents• Medical trauma• Community violenceorschoolshootings

• War or terrorismRisk factors include priortrauma,lackof

social support, familyhistoryofmentalhealth problems, and ongoinglifestressors.Diagnosis

Diagnose PTSDinchildrenunder12requires: • Clinical Interview• Psychological Assessments• Behavioral Observations• Medical Evaluation• DSM-5 CriteriaAssessment• Management Strategies• Trauma-FocusedCognitiveBehavioral Therapy(TF-CBT)• Eye Movement DesensitizationandReprocessing (EMDR)

• Play Therapy

• Family Therapy•Medication(ifnecessary)9

TherapyMedicationEducationFamilyinvolvementLifestylechange.BY Sarah Zimmerman

5 key words for treating or helpingwithADHD, ASD, and PTSDinchildrenunder12:Holistic Management and Long-Term Outlook

1 Individualized Care

Tailored interventions based on unique needs

2 Multidisciplinary Approach

Collaboration among various professionals

3 Family Involvement

Educating and supporting caregivers

4 Continuous Monitoring

Adapting strategies as the child develops

5 Strengths-Based Focus

Nurturing individual talents and abilities

Successful management of ADHD, ASD, and PTSD in children requires a

comprehensive, compassionate approach. Early intervention, consistent

support, and a focus on individual strengths are key to positive outcomes. While each child's journey is unique, with appropriate care and support, children with these conditions can develop resilience, discover their strengths, and achieve their full potential. 10

As election results unfold,thedirection of educationpolicieswill directly affect studentdemographics andfuturedevelopment. Thecontrastingstances of TrumpandHarrisoneducation, particularlyregardingimmigration policies, tuition,andstudent loans, signal significantchanges in thefutureeducationalenvironment. Trump'spoliciesmight weakenprotectionsforLGBTQstudents, whileHarrispromises to expandsupportforpublic education. Thisoppositionnot only influencespolicymakingbut may alsotrigger greateranxiety amongstudents.

In this politically uncertainenvironment,student mental healthissuesarebecoming increasingly prominent.According to recent surveys, 65%ofcollege students feel stressedabouttheupcoming election, and52%reportthatpolitical discussions negativelyimpacttheir mental health. Inthissituation,students face not only academicpressure but also anxietyfromthepolitical environment. Mental healthexperts and university administratorsare actively seeking strategiestohelpstudents maintain psychological balanceduring these turbulent times. California Higher Education'sInclusivityand Diversity

California's higher educationsystemhaslong been at the forefront of promotinginclusivity and diversitynationwide,asevidenced by the latest admissionsdata.According to statistics fromtheUniversity of Californiasystem, thenumber of students fromdiversebackgrounds entering infall 2024hasreached newhighs, especiallythosefrom minority and low-incomefamilies.This change not only reflectsCalifornia'sfirm commitment todiversitybutalsorepresents a positiveresponsetoeducational equity.

Surveys indicate that many

college students are

experiencing stress due to

the political climate, with

mental health issues

becoming increasingly

prominent. California’s

admissions policy reforms, such as eliminating

standardized test

requirements, have further

promoted diversity, particularly in supporting

minority and low-income

students. Additionally, new

legislation signed by

Governor Newsom aims to

improve rights for individuals

with disabilities. Faced with political uncertainty, schools need to establish supportive

environments and provide mental

health resources to help students cope

with stress. Looking ahead, the

direction of education policies will

influence students' learning

experiences and development

opportunities. Education leaders must

pay attention to these changes to

ensure every student can thrive in an

inclusive environment. Overall, promoting educational

inclusivity and supporting student

mental health are crucial tasks at

present. The full article is expected to

take approximately 6 minutes to read. Introduction: The Impact of Political

Elections on Higher Education

The 2024 U.S. presidential election sets

the stage for potential changes in the

higher education landscape. This

election not only determines the

nation's future direction but also

profoundly impacts higher education

policies, especially regarding diversity

and inclusion. California's public higher

education leaders swiftly issued a joint

statement after the election, affirming

their commitment to diversity and

inclusivity and emphasizing California's

role as a beacon of hope welcoming

students, faculty, and staff from

diverse backgrounds.

Society

Analysis of the

Impact of the 2024

U.S. Presidential

Election on Diversity

and Inclusion in

California Higher

Education

The 2024 U.S. presidential election will

have profound implications for higher

education policies, particularly regarding

diversity and inclusion in California. Following the election, California higher

education leaders reaffirmed their

commitment to diversity and inclusion, emphasizing the importance of

educational equity[1][4][7]. The differing

stances of Trump and Harris on education

will directly impact student demographics

and mental health, especially concerning

protections for LGBTQ students and

support for low-income families. 11

Society:

Notably, California's innovative

admissions policies, particularly the

elimination of standardized test

requirements, have significantly

lowered application barriers for

many potential students, especially

those who might have given up

applying due to unsatisfactory test

scores. For example, the UC Davis

School of Medicine has adopted a

diversified evaluation method in its

admissions process, emphasizing

students' personal experiences and

socioeconomic backgrounds rather

than just academic performance. This approach not only enhances

the diversity of the medical school

but also lays the foundation for

cultivating more culturally sensitive

medical professionals. California's legislation continues to

strengthen support for people with

disabilities and other vulnerable

groups. Recently, Governor

Newsom signed a series of

legislation aimed at improving the

quality of life for people with

disabilities and ensuring their equal

opportunities in the education

system. These new laws include

improving the quality of special

education services and enhancing

vocational training support

for students with disabilities, demonstrating California's

determination to achieve educational

equity. These measures not only

create a better learning environment

for students with disabilities but also

provide a more inclusive educational

system for all students. Potential Impact of the Presidential

Election on Education Policies

The outcome of the 2024 presidential

election will have far-reaching effects

on U.S. education policies, especially

in a diverse and inclusive educational

environment like California. The

opposition between Trump and Harris

on education policies reflects two

distinctly different educational

philosophies. Trump has promised to

cut the Department of Education's

budget, even considering abolishing

the department, which will directly

affect federal support for state

education funding. For states like

California that rely on federal funds, this is undoubtedly a significant blow. Meanwhile, Trump has also indicated

he would withdraw protections for

LGBTQ students, potentially leading

to more discrimination and unequal

treatment for these students on

campus.

In stark contrast, Harris's educationpolicyemphasizes support for publiceducation,promising to increase grants forlowincome families and reformstudentloanpolicies. Her plan includes expandingchildtax credits and increasingfundingforvocational training, measuresthatwilldirectly benefit many Californiastudents,especially those fromimmigrantandlowincome families. AccordingtoUniversityof California statistics, about 30%ofstudents come fromlow-incomefamilies,and Harris's policies wouldhelpalleviatetheir economic burden. Furthermore, Trump's immigrationpolicycould have profound implicationsforCalifornia's educational environment.Hehas promised large-scaledeportationactions, which could leadtouncertaintyand anxiety for many undocumentedstudents' families. This fear will notonlyaffect their learning statebut alsonegatively impact the overall campusatmosphere. In contrast, Harris'spolicytends to protect the rights of

undocumented students, ensuringtheycan continue to receive education. Strategies to Support StudentsinFacingPolitical Uncertainty

In the current climate of political

uncertainty and impendingelectionpressure, supporting students' mentalhealth is particularly important. Asthe2024 presidential electionapproaches,political discussions oncollegecampusesare becoming increasinglyfrequent,causing anxiety and uneaseformanystudents. According toa survey, 65%ofcollege students report feelingstressedabout the election, and52%believepolitical discussions havenegativelyimpacted their mental health. Againstthisbackdrop, experts anduniversityadministrators have proposedaseriesofcoping strategies to helpstudentsbetteraddress this challenge.

Analysis of the Impact of the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election on Diversity and Inclusion in California Higher Education12

Firstly, building community

connections is an important way to

alleviate student anxiety. Experts

suggest that students can strengthen

connections with each other by

participating in club activities, volunteer services, or group

discussions, creating a mutually

supportive environment. Such social

activities not only reduce feelings of

loneliness but also allow students to

feel supported through

communication, thereby improving

mental health. Secondly, setting boundaries

for political discussions is also

crucial. College students often

feel emotionally tense when

facing intense political

discussions, so establishing

some basic discussion rules is

necessary. For example, students can

choose to have discussions in a safe

and respectful environment, avoiding

arguments when emotions are

running high. At the same time, schools can provide training to

help students learn how to engage in

political dialogue more constructively. Limiting news consumption is equally

important in alleviating anxiety. Experts recommend that students set

fixed times for themselves to obtain

news information and choose reliable

sources to avoid the anxiety caused by

information overload. Additionally

You can check

your bond’s current value

online at

TreasuryDirect.gov.

rights of undocumented studentsorprovidingmore grants and resources for studentsfromlow-income families, these areimportantmeasures to achieve educational equity.Additionally, schools shouldestablishamorecomprehensive mental healthsupportsystem,providing necessary psychological counselingand emotional support to helpstudentsmaintain psychological balancewhenfacingpolitical pressure. Looking ahead, the directionof educationpolicies will directly affect students' learningexperiences and development opportunities.We call on education leaders andpolicymakers at all levels topayattentiontothe actual impact of changes ineducationpolicies on student groups, ensuringthatallstudents have equal educational opportunities.Only by continuously focusingonstudentwell-being can we pave the way for theirfutureinthis era of uncertainty. Throughjointefforts,we can create a more inclusiveandsupportiveeducational environment, allowingeverystudent the opportunity torealizetheirdreams.

Become an AMS Member

, engaging in relaxing activities such

as meditation, walking, or artistic

creation can effectively help

students reduce stress and enhance

psychological resilience. Higher education institutions

should also play an active role in

creating a supportive environment. University administrators can

support students by expanding

mental health services, establishing

safe spaces, and providing

psychological counseling. For

example, setting up

\"emotional support

groups\" gives

students a place to

vent and share

when facing

pressure. Furthermore, schools can organize

lectures and workshops on mental

health to help students understand

how to manage their emotions and

stress. Conclusion: Future Outlook and

Call to Action

In the current climate of political

uncertainty and impending election

pressure, promoting inclusivity in

higher education and supporting

student mental health are

particularly important. As the 2024

presidential election approaches, students face not only academic

challenges but also anxiety from

the political environment. The joint

statement from California’s

public higher education

leaders clearly conveys a

commitment to diversity and

inclusivity, which is not only a

rebuilding of voter confidence but

also a clear signal for future

education policies. We must recognize that education

leaders and policymakers bear

important responsibilities at this

critical moment. They need to take

concrete actions to ensure that

every student can thrive in a

diverse and inclusive environment. Whether it's supporting the

Society

Analysis

of the Impact of

the 2024 U.S. Presidential

Election on

Diversity and

Inclusion in

California Higher

Education

1.California’s Public Higher EducationLeadersReassureCommunities After Presidential Election2.2024 Elections Set to TransformEducationPolicyAcrossthe U.S. 3.Harris vs. Trump: A Critical Election for CaliforniaStudents 4.As Election Looms, Undocumented StudentsWorry5.Inclusion in Ukrainian Universities: Staff PerspectivesAmid Ongoing Conflict

6.The Anti-DEI Backlash: Crisis Facing Chief DiversityOfficers in Higher Education

7.U.S. House Passes Controversial ‘Anti-Woke’BillTargeting Diversity Policies in Higher Education8.Managing College Students’ElectionStressAheadof2024 Presidential Elections 9.Election 2024: 12 Science-Backed Must-ReadstoHelpSoothe Anxiety

10.Governor Newsom Signs LegislationtoEnhanceSupport for Californians with Disabilities 11.University of California Admits Largest andMostDiverse Class in History for Fall 2024

12.A More Inclusive Medical School: UCDavisLeadsinDiversity and Holistic Admissions

Discover more about what’sinstoreand register to join us March13–16,2025! Early Bird pricesendJanuary24.13

Modern School

Bullying in schools is a pervasive

issue that affects millions of children

worldwide, manifesting in various

forms, including physical, verbal, and social harassment. This problem

is notable due to its significant

impact on the mental health, academic performance, and overall

well-being of students. As children

encounter bullying, it is essential for

parents to recognize the signs and

take proactive measures to support

their children, ensuring their safety

and emotional health in educational

environments. Failure to address

bullying can lead to severe

consequences, including long-term

psychological distress and decreased

academic success. Parents play a

crucial role in identifying and

addressing bullying, necessitating an

understanding of its behavioral, emotional, and physical indicators. Recognizing signs such as

withdrawal from social activities, declining grades, and unexplained

injuries can help parents intervene

early. Open communication is vital, as it fosters a safe space for children

to share their experiences without

fear of judgment. Establishing this

trust allows parents to assess the

situation and take appropriate

actions, including contacting school

authorities and seeking professional

support when necessary. In addition

to immediate responses, long-term

strategies are essential for

cultivating resilience in children and

contributing to a safer school

environment. Parents are

encouraged to engage with school

staff, support anti-bullying policies, and promote positive social skills

among their children. Building a

supportive network can further

empower children to navigate

challenges effectively, ensuring they

feel valued and heard. Legal

considerations also play a significant

role in addressing school bullying.

While no federal law specifically

addresses bullying, various state

laws exist to protect students and

mandate school responses. Parents

must be informed about their rights

and the potential for legal action if

bullying persists despite

intervention efforts. Understanding

these legal frameworks can

empower parents to advocate

effectively for their children's safety

and well-being in educational

settings.

Parents should watch for suddenchanges in their child's behavior, whichmay include: Becoming withdrawnoravoiding social situations[1][2]. A decline in academic performanceora loss of interest in schoolwork[1][3].Frequent complaints of physical

ailments, such as headaches orstomachaches[2][4]. Unexplained injuries or damagetopersonal belongings[1][4]. Changes in eating or sleepingpatterns,such as skipping meals or experiencingdifficulty sleeping[5][6]

.

Physical signs can alsoprovidecriticalinsights into whether achildisexperiencing bullying. Unexplainedbruises, cuts, or scratches[2][4]. Torn clothing or other damagedpersonal items[2][3]. Changes in appetite or weight, whichmay manifest as bingeeatingorskipping meals[5][6]. Difficulty sleeping or frequentnightmares that disrupt theirrest[5][6].What shouldparentsdoiftheir childencountersschoolRecognizing the signs of bullying is

essential for parents and

caregivers to provide timely

intervention and support. Adolescents who are victims of

bullying may exhibit various

behavioral, emotional, and

physical indicators.

summary

Recognizing Signs of Bullying

Behavioral Signs

Emotional Signs

Emotional indicators canoftenbesubtle but are equally importanttorecognize.

Increased irritability, moodswings,oremotional outbursts[1][3]. Persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety,or depression[1][4]. Low self-esteemor feelingsof

worthlessness[1][3]. Expressing thoughts of self-harmorsuicide, or engaging inself-destructivebehaviors[2][5]. Social withdrawal andisolationfromfriends and family[1][3]. Physical Signs

14

Modern School--What should parents do if their child encounters school bullyingBehavioral Signs

Parents should watch for sudden

changes in their child's behavior, which may include:

Becoming withdrawn or avoiding

social situations[1][2]. A decline in academic performance

or a loss of interest in

schoolwork[1][3]. Frequent complaints of physical

ailments, such as headaches or

stomachaches[2][4]. Unexplained injuries or damage to

personal belongings[1][4]. Changes in eating or sleeping

patterns, such as skipping meals or

experiencing difficulty sleeping[5][6]. Emotional Signs

Emotional indicators can often be

subtle but are equally important to

recognize.

Increased irritability, mood swings, or emotional outbursts[1][3]. Persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, or depression[1][4]. Low self-esteem or feelings of

worthlessness[1][3]. Expressing thoughts of self-harm or

suicide, or engaging in self- destructive behaviors[2][5]. Social withdrawal and isolation from

friends and family[1][3]. Physical Signs

Physical signs can also provide

critical insights into whether a child

is experiencing bullying. Unexplained bruises, cuts, or

scratches[2][4]. Torn clothing or other damaged

personal items[2][3]. Changes in appetite or weight, which may manifest as binge eating

or skipping meals[5][6]. Difficulty sleeping or frequent

nightmares that disrupt their rest[5]

[6]. Importance of Open

Communication

It is crucial for parents to maintain

open lines of communication with

their children. Creating a safe and

supportive environment where

children feel comfortable sharing

their experiences can help parents

identify and address potential

bullying situations. Encouraging

children to express their feelings and

validating their emotions can

empower them to discuss their

concerns openly[3][4]. Recognizing

these signs early allows parents to

intervene and seek appropriate

support, helping to mitigate the

impact of bullying on their child's

emotional and physical well-being. Immediate Actions for Parents

When a parent discovers that their

child is experiencing bullying,

immediate and effective actions are

essential to ensure the child's safety

and well-being. Experts suggest a

multi-faceted approach to address

the situation appropriately. Establish Open Communication

The first step is to create a safe

space for dialogue where the child

feels comfortable discussing their

experiences. Parents should

encourage open communication

without judgment, asking open- ended questions to allow their child

to express their feelings freely. Phrases like, “I'm here to listen,” can

reassure children that they are

supported and not alone in their

struggles[7][8]. Assess the Situation

Parents need to assess the situation

by gathering detailed information

from their child about the bullying

incidents. This includes

understanding the nature of the

bullying, who is involved, and how

frequently it occurs. By actively

listening and validating their child's

feelings, parents can better

understand the severity of the

situation and respond

appropriately[1][8]. Contact School Authorities

If the bullying persists, parents

should contact school authorities

immediately. Informing teachers, counselors, or school administrators

about the situation is crucial, as they

can monitor the child’s environment

and implement necessary

interventions. Collaboration with the

school is vital to ensure a

comprehensive response tothebullyingincidents[9][10]

.Involve the Offender's ParentsIn cases of persistent bullying, reachingout to the parents of the offendermaybe appropriate, provided it is doneinanon-confrontational manner. Parentscan express their concerns andseektowork collaboratively towards resolvingthe issue. However, this shouldbeapproached carefully, as it maynotalways yield positive results[10][11].Seek Additional Support

If necessary, parents shouldconsiderseeking additional support fromprofessionals or counseling services. Resources like Kids Help Phonecanprovide confidential support for childrenfacing bullying, while local organizationsmay offer programs specificallyforaffected families[11][12]

Encourage Resilience andEmpowerment

Parents can also focus on fosteringresilience in their child by encouragingthem to engage in activities that

promote self-esteemand confidence. Empowering children withtoolstonavigate difficult situations canhelpthem cope with bullying effectively. Thisincludes encouraging themtoseekhelpfrom trusted adults and teachingthemconflict resolution strategies[13][1]. Bytaking these immediate actions, parentscan play a pivotal role in addressingbullying and supporting their childthrough challenging experiences. Collaborating with School AuthoritiesCollaboration between parents andschool authorities is essential inaddressing and preventing bullyingineducational settings. Engaginginopencommunication with teachers, administrators, and other school staffallows parents to advocateeffectivelyfor their child's well-being andcreateapositive school environment. Role of School Safety CommitteesOne approach to fostering collaborationis through school safety committees, which typically consist of a diversegroupof stakeholders, including teachers, administrators, parents, students, andcommunity members. Thesecommitteesfocus on developing, implementing, andenforcing bullying preventionpoliciesand programs within the school[14]. Byactively participating in thesecommittees, parents can contributevaluable insights and work

15

alongside school personnel to set

measurable goals for bullying

prevention efforts[14] . Building Relationships with School

Personnel

To facilitate effective

communication, parents should

prioritize building relationships with

school staff. This includes getting to

know teachers, counselors, and

administrators who interact with

their child regularly[15]. Establishing

rapport can be achieved by

participating in school associations, such as Parent-Teacher Associations

(PTAs), which provide opportunities

for collaboration on bullying

prevention initiatives[15]. Effective Communication Strategies

When attending meetings or

discussions with school personnel, it

is helpful for parents to be prepared. This preparation can involve

knowing the meeting's purpose, creating a list of questions, and

ensuring there is an agenda that

includes the parent's concerns[16]. During meetings, parents should

focus on specific issues related to

bullying and express their

perspectives respectfully, while also

listening to the insights of others

involved[16]. Documentation and Follow-Up

In instances where bullying occurs,

it is crucial for parents to document

incidents thoroughly. Keeping a

detailed record of events, communications with school staff, and any actions taken can provide a

factual basis for discussions with

educators or authorities[1]. By

maintaining this record, parents can

clearly articulate the situation and

seek appropriate interventions, helping school officials understand

the severity and context of the

bullying behavior. Supporting School Policies

Understanding and supporting the

school’s anti-bullying policies is vital

for parents. Familiarizing

themselves with these guidelines

enables parents to effectively

reinforce respectful behavior at

home and to advocate for their child

within the school framework[1]. Additionally, by staying informed

about school initiatives and

participating in relevant events, parents contribute to a culture of

accountability and support, fostering

a safe and inclusive school

environment for all students. Supporting the Child

When a child encounters bullying, it

is crucial for parents to adopt a

comprehensive and supportive

approach to help them navigate

through the challenges. This involves

fostering a nurturing environment, enhancing self-esteem, promoting

social skills, and advocating for the

child's needs within the educational

system. Building Self-Confidence

One of the primary ways to support

a child who has faced bullying is to

help build their self-confidence. Parents can encourage their children

to participate in activities or classes

that align with their interests, facilitating opportunities to develop

new friendships and reinforce their

strengths.[17]

Providing positive feedback and

treating children with kindness can

help them understand that they

deserve respect and compassion, both from others and

themselves.[17]

Promoting Positive Social Skills

Teaching children positive social

skills is essential for fostering healthy

relationships and reducing the risk of

future bullying. Parents should

encourage the development of

empathy, active listening, and

effective communication. Role- playing different social scenarios can

provide a safe space for children to

practice these skills, building their

confidence and helping them

navigate complex social interactions. [3]

Encouraging Open CommunicationMaintaining open lines of

communication is vital. Parentsshouldreassure their childrenthat theycantalk about their experienceswithoutfear of judgment. This ongoingdialogue not only provides emotionalsupport but also equips parentstorecognize any signs of distressearlyon. If such signs persist, seekingprofessional help may benecessarytoprevent long-termpsychological

issues and promote healing.[3]Empowering Self-AdvocacyEmpowering childrentostanduptobullies is another critical componentof support. Parents canteachassertiveness and self-advocacyskills,encouraging their childrentoexpressthemselves confidently andrespectfully.[3]

Role-playing scenarios wherechildrenpractice standing up for themselvesorseeking help can reinforcetheseskills,making themfeel moreincontrol oftheir circumstances. Building a SupportiveNetworkCreating a supportive networkisalsobeneficial. Parents canconnectwithother parents, communityorganizations, and support groupstoestablish a sense of belongingforboththemselves and their children. Engaging in group activitiesandcommunity events canhelpchildrenexpand their social circles andreducefeelings of isolation.[3]

Celebrating Successes

Recognizing and celebratingthechild's achievements, nomatterhowsmall, is essential in reinforcingtheirsense of worth. Whether it'smakinganew friend or standing uptoabully,celebrating these milestoneshelpschildren understand that theireffortsare valued and significant.[18]

This positive reinforcement cancontribute to building resilienceandencouraging themtoembracetheirstrengths as they moveforward. Byimplementing these strategies, parents can help their childrennotonly cope with the immediateeffectsof bullying but also developtheModern School--What should parents do if their child encounters school bullying16

resilience and skills needed to

navigate future challenges effectively. Long-Term Strategies

When addressing school bullying, it is

essential for parents to adopt long- term strategies that not only support

their child but also contribute to a

safer school environment. These

strategies encompass effective

communication, community

involvement, and proactive resilience- building. Active Engagement

Maintaining active engagement with

school staff and other parents is

crucial. Parents should regularly

attend parent-teacher conferences

and engage in school activities to stay

informed about their child's progress

and social interactions. This

involvement fosters effective

communication and collaboration

between home and school, allowing

parents to better understand the

dynamics their child faces and to

advocate for necessary changes[13]. Building Resilience

Building resilience in children is a

proactive approach to empower them

against the effects of bullying. Parents

can encourage healthy self-esteem by

praising their child's efforts and

emphasizing their strengths, thereby

fostering a sense of self-worth that

acts as a foundation for resilience[13]. Additionally, teaching problem-solving

skills helps children navigate conflicts

more effectively and builds their

confidence in handling difficult

situations. Creating Supportive Networks

Reaching out to school and

community resources can significantly

enhance the support available to

children. Parents are encouraged to

connect with teachers, school

counselors, and community

organizations that focus on anti- bullying initiatives[18]. This

collaboration can create a robust

support network that reassures

children they are not alone in their

experiences. Furthermore, getting

children involved in community

activities, such as youth groups or

sports teams, can help rebuild their

self-esteem and create positive social

connections[18]. Policy Implementation and Advocacy

Parents should advocate for effective

anti-bullying policies within their

schools. Suggested initiatives include

the introduction of peer mentoring

programs or social-emotional learning

curricula that have been shown to

reduce bullying incidents[13]. Collaborating with the Parent-Teacher

Association to organize fundraising

events aimed at securing additional

resources for mental health programs

can also be beneficial. By actively

participating in these efforts, parents

contribute to a culture that prioritizes

safety and support for all students. Consistent Communication

Regular communication with children

about their daily experiences can

foster trust and create an environment

where they feel comfortable sharing

issues related to bullying. Parents

should ask open-ended questions and

listen actively, ensuring that their

children know they are supported and

valued[13]. Establishing a consistent

dialogue not only builds resilience but

also equips children with the skills to

confront bullying situations effectively. Promoting Positive Choices

Establishing a culture of inclusivity and

support is vital in combating bullying. Parents and educators should model

positive social interactions and make

conscious choices to foster a

supportive environment. By speaking

out against bullying and encouraging

children to do the same, parents can

help create a climate where bullying is

less likely to occur[13]. Legal Considerations

When addressing school bullying, it is

crucial for parents to understand the

legal framework that governs such

situations. Notably, there is no federal

law specifically addressing bullying;

however, instances where bullying

overlaps with harassment, particularly

based on race, ethnicity, color, national origin, sex, disability, or

religion—fall under legal protections

and obligations for schools to act

accordingly[19]. Each state in the U.S. has enacted its own laws and policies

to tackle bullying, varyingsignificantlyin how they mandateschoolstorespond and the requirementsforimplementing anti-bullyingprograms[19][20]. Seeking Legal AdviceParents facing bullyingsituationsshould seek legal counsel earlyon,asone of the most significant mistakesthey can make is not obtaininglegaladvice at the onset[21]. Attorneysspecializing in educationlawandcivilrights can provide valuableinsightsand strategies to navigatethecomplexities of bullyingcases[4]. Initial consultations aretypicallyfree,allowing parents to evaluatetheiroptions without a financial burden.Filing a Lawsuit

In certain circumstances, parentsmayconsider filing a lawsuit if previousefforts to resolve thebullyinghavebeen unsuccessful. Legal groundsforalawsuit against a school mayincludeclaims of negligence, whereitcanbedemonstrated that theschool failedtoact on known bullying incidents[4].Documentation of all communicationswith school officials, detailsofthebullying incidents, andanyphysicalevidence should be meticulouslygathered to support apotential legalcase[16]. Rights of Students withDisabilitiesFor parents of students withdisabilities, additional protectionsunder federal laws apply. Schoolsareobligated to ensure that studentswithdisabilities receive a FreeAppropriatePublic Education (FAPE) andtotakeimmediate action inresponsetoanyharassment or bullying[20]. If schoolsdo not adequately addresstheseissues, parents can filegrievanceswiththe Office of Civil Rights toseekfurther intervention[20]

. Understanding the legal landscapesurrounding bullying empowersparents to advocate effectivelyfortheir children and ensuresthatschools uphold their responsibilitiestoprovide a safe and supportiveeducational environment. Reference:

[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] [11][12][13][14][15][16] [17][18][19][20][21]Modern School--What should parents do if their child encounters school bullying17

Policy

An Analysis of the

Challenges and

Opportunities in U.S. Education Policy Amid

Cultural Wars

This article examines the current state and

future trajectory of U.S. education policy, particularly as it emerges as a key issue in

the upcoming presidential election. Education policy expert Josh Cowen

emphasizes that education transcends the

mere transfer of knowledge—it is deeply

tied to societal values and cultural identity. This analysis explores the contrasting

positions of the political right and left on

education policy: the right tends to frame it

within the context of cultural wars, aiming

to reshape educational content, while the

left focuses on equity and resource

allocation. The policies proposed by the

Trump administration, especially universal

school voucher programs, may exacerbate

educational inequities, potentially draining

public school funding and

disproportionately impacting low-income

families. Furthermore, the growing

influence of cultural wars, marked by book

bans and classroom content restrictions,

risks undermining the inclusivity and

celebration of multiculturalism in

education. The article underscores the

critical importance of equitable

funding for public education, which

represents not only an investment in

individual futures but also the long- term development of society and the

nation. Ultimately, the future of U.S. education policy hinges on voters' understanding of its value and their

choices at the ballot box. Education

has become a central topic in the

forthcoming U.S. presidential election. According to Josh Cowen, an

education policy expert at Michigan

State University, education is not just

about knowledge transfer but serves

as a critical tool for shaping the future. As such, it holds increasing

prominence in political debates, especially against the backdrop of

issues like cultural wars, gender

identity, and racial narratives. The current education policylandscapefaces multifaceted challenges, particularly in the areas of school choice, teacher quality, andeducationalreform. Cowen highlights that craftingeducation policies involves not onlytechnical considerations but alsodeep-seated debates over societal valuesandcultural identity. The political rightoften frames educational debateswithin the cultural war narrative, seeking to reshape curriculabyscrutinizing topics relatedtogenderand race. In contrast, theleft advocatesfor educational equity, emphasizingearly intervention for low-incomefamilies and comprehensivehealthandnutrition programs to ensurefairoutcomes for all students. Should former President Trumpreturnto office, his educationpoliciescouldprofoundly reshape stateeducationsystems. Cowen expresses concernabout Trump's proposal for universalschool vouchers, whichwouldallowfamilies to use public funds for privateschool tuition. While this appearstooffer more choices for families, Cowenwarns it could exacerbatefundingshortages for public schools, ultimatelyharming students who needsupportthe most. Moreover, the Trump administration'sintention to weaken theauthorityofthe Department of Educationposessignificant risks to anti-discriminationpolicies and the promotionof educational equity. Cowencharacterizes this approachas\"politicsof humiliation,\" potentiallyfurthermarginalizing vulnerablestudentgroups. In such a context, educationbecomes a battlegroundnot justforknowledge and skills but alsoforsocialjustice and human rights.

The Current State and Future of U.S. Education Policy

18

The Direction of Trump

Administration’s Education

Policies

The potential return of the Trump

administration could significantly

influence the trajectory of U.S. education policy. Trump has

repeatedly criticized the Department

of Education and even proposed

dismantling it, sparking widespread

concerns. The department plays a

pivotal role in upholding anti- discrimination laws and fostering

educational equity. Undermining its

authority could weaken protections

for marginalized groups, particularly

regarding gender and racial issues. At the core of Trump’s education

agenda lies the universal school

voucher program. While proponents

argue that vouchers expand family

choice and incentivize public schools

to improve, critics caution that they

redirect funding away from public

schools, thereby undermining their

capacity to serve all students. Cowen

notes that voter support for such

programs has historically been weak, as evidenced by recent elections in

Colorado, Kentucky, and Nebraska, where voters decisively rejected

universal vouchers. The proposed voucher policy, according to Cowen, disproportionately benefits families

already enrolled in private schools

rather than those in genuine need. This reallocation of resources could

deepen existing inequalities and fuel

social divisions, as public school

funding declines and educational

quality diminishes for the most

disadvantaged students.

The Role of Education Funding

in Equity and Accessibility

Equitable funding is a cornerstone

of effective education policy. Yet,

the uneven distribution of resources

across U.S. schools remains a

pressing concern. Lawsuits like

“Vouchers Hurt Ohio” highlight

systemic disparities in funding. This

lawsuit, initiated by over 100 Ohio

school districts, argues that the

state’s EdChoice scholarship

program diverts public funds to

private schools, undermining the

foundational principles of public

education. As the scope of voucher programs

expands, wealthier families

increasingly benefit, exacerbating

inequalities and reducing resources

for public schools serving lowincome and minority students. Research indicates that such

funding disparities directly impact

educational quality, leading to

shortages in teaching staff,

inadequate curricula, and limited

student support services. Several states are exploring needs- based funding models to address

these challenges, aiming to provide

greater resources for

disadvantaged students. However,

these efforts often face political and

fiscal obstacles, leaving vulnerable

student populations underfunded. Policymakers must prioritize

equitable funding distribution to

ensure all students have access to

quality education.

Cultural Wars andEducationPolicy

The intersectionof cultural warsand education policyhasintensified, particularlyaroundissues of gender identityandracialnarratives. Book bansandclassroomcontent restrictionshave become focal pointsofcontention, oftendrivenbyeffortsto emphasize “patrioticeducation”while curbing discussionsondiversity and social justice. The rhetoric aroundtopicssuchascritical race theory(CRT)exemplifies howcultural narrativesinfluence policy. Conservativecampaigns havepaintedCRTasathreat, leading towidespreadbansdespite limited evidenceof itsprevalence in K-12education.Such measures reflect abroadercultural backlashagainst inclusivityand critical engagement withsocietal complexities. Book bans and content censorshipalso disproportionatelytargetLGBTQ+ themes andracial

issues, limiting students’ exposureto diverse perspectives. Educational expertswarnthatsuch actions may stiflecriticalthinking, marginalizeminoritygroups, and erodethefoundationalprinciples of inclusivityandrespectin education. By addressingthesemultifaceted challengesandembracing the opportunitiestoreformeducation, theU.S. cancreate a more equitable, inclusive,and forward-lookingsystemthattruly serves all students. Education, as thefoundationofsocietal progress, must remainanational priority.

Policy -An Analysis of the Challenges and Opportunities in the U.S. EducationPolicyAmidCultural Wars

19

The Long-TermBenefitsof PublicEducation Investment

Investing in public educationyieldssubstantial societal andeconomicbenefits. Quality educationfostersindividual career prospects, promotessocial stability, and drivesnationaleconomic growth. Accordingtoresearch by the Center for Strategicand International Studies, countriesthat prioritize educationinvestmentsoften excel in technological innovationand scientific advancements. Education is also a powerful tool forreducing poverty andpromotingsocial mobility. Studiesreveal thatindividuals with accesstoqualityeducation are morelikelytoachievehigher incomes, breakingcyclesofpoverty and contributingtoeconomicresilience. Despite theseevidentbenefits, public educationfundinginthe U.S. remains under threat frompolitical and economicpressures.Policymakers must recognizethatinvesting in public educationisnotmerely an expenditurebut astrategicinvestment in the nation'sfuture.Equitable and sustainedfundingisessential to ensure everychildhasthe opportunity to thriveinaninclusive and supportiveeducationalenvironment. Reference:

1.Impact of the Next U.S. President onEducation Policy: Insights fromMSUExpert2.How Trump’s Second TermWill Affect

Education: 4 Key Implications 3.What a Second Trump TermMeans for Education

4.Trump’s Education ReformPlans for HisSecond Term

5.Ohio’s Voucher Controversy: Lawsuit

Challenges Constitutionality of School Funding6.Majority of Texas Adults Favor School

Vouchers Despite Concerns 7.Parents Demand Greater AccountabilityfromFlorida School Voucher System8.Designing State Funding Formulas for PublicHigher Education with an Equity Focus9.Promoting Racial Equity ThroughFederal-State College Affordability Partnerships10.Study Finds Powerful NarrativeCanDrivePolicy Action and Cultural Change11.Investing in Quality Educationas aCatalystfor Economic Development andStability12.Schools Received Record $190BillioninPandemic Aid: Impact on Student Performance13.The Economic Case for InvestinginUniversalSchool Meals in Canada

Policy

An Analysisofthe ChallengesandOpportunitiesin theU.S.

EducationPolicy AmidCultural Wars20

Understanding CMSandSIS: Content Management Systems (CMS)

A CMS in education is a platform that facilitates course delivery, content sharing, and interaction between students and educators. Common CMS platforms

include: 1. Canvas

Overview: A modern, cloud-based LMS (Learning Management System)

popular among universities and colleges. Strengths:

• User-friendly interface. • Integration with a wide range of third-party tools and apps. • Robust analytics for tracking student performance. • Supports multimedia content and mobile access. Weaknesses:

• Can be expensive for smaller institutions. • Limited offline access.

2. Moodle

Overview: An open-source LMS used by institutions worldwide. Strengths:

• Highly customizable and adaptable. • Cost-effective (free software with hosting costs). • Strong community support for plugins and updates. Weaknesses:

• Requires technical expertise for customization and maintenance. • Interface can appear outdated compared to competitors. Student Information Systems (SIS)

An SIS focuses on managing administrative tasks, such as student records, fee management, and academic progress tracking. Popular SIS platforms include: 1. Orbund

Overview: A cloud-based SIS tailored for small to mid-sized institutions. Strengths:

• Comprehensive features for fee management, admissions, and reporting. • Simple setup and user-friendly interface. Weaknesses:

• Limited scalability for larger institutions. • Fewer integrations with third-party tools.

2. Classter Overview: A modular SIS/LMS hybrid solution. Strengths:

• Combines SIS and LMS functionalities. • Flexible modular design for tailored solutions. • Suitable for all educational levels, including higher education. Weaknesses:

• Complexity in setup due to its modular nature. • Relatively steep learning curve for new users. Comparing CMS and SIS Platforms

Feature Canvas Moodle Orbund Classter Target Users Universities, colleges All levels of education Small to mid-sized

institutions All levels of educationCustomization Limited customization Highly customizable Limited Modular for customizationEase of Use High Moderate High Moderate Analytics Advanced Moderate Moderate Advanced

Cost Higher Free software (hosting

costs)

Affordable Moderate Third-Party Integration Extensive Moderate Limited Moderate

A Comparison of CMS and SISPlatformsforUniversities and Colleges

In the rapidly evolving landscape of higher education, technology plays a crucial role in enhancing administrative efficiency and improvingthe learning experience. This article introduces and compares Content Management Systems (CMS) like Canvas and Moodle, and Student

Information Systems (SIS) such as Orbund and Classter. These leading tools are used by institutions to manage academic content, student records, and administrative tasks. The document explores their features, strengths, weaknesses, and potential future development

directions to help institutions choose the right platform for their specific needs.

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21

Pros and Cons for Institutions

CMS: Canvas vs. Moodle

Canvas

Pros: Modern design, excellent integrations, and robust analytics make it ideal for student engagement and tracking oCuotncosmes. : High costs may deter smaller institutions. Moodle

Pros: Low-cost solution with extensive customizationcapabilities, ideal for institutions with in-house technical teams. Cons: Outdated interface and higher technical requirements. SIS: Orbund vs. Classter

Orbund

Pros: Easy setup and effective for core administrative functions. Cons: Limited scalability and fewer integrations. Classter

Pros: Combines SIS and LMS features, offering an all-in-onesolution. Cons: Complexity in implementation and usability challengesforless tech-savvy users. Future Directions for CMS and SIS Development

To meet the evolving needs of universities and colleges, CMS and SIS platforms should develop in the following directions: 1. Enhanced Integration

• Seamless integration between CMS and SIS systems to create unified platforms that manage both academic andadministrative tasks. • Example: Automatically syncing grades from the CMS to the SIS for streamlined reporting. 2. AI-Powered Insights

Leveraging artificial intelligence to analyze student data, predict academic performance, and provide actionable

recommendations for both educators and students. 3. Personalized Learning and Support

• Advanced personalization capabilities in CMS platforms to deliver customized content and adaptive learning

pathways for students. • Enhanced student support features in SIS platforms, such as automated reminders for fee deadlines or academicalerts. 4. Improved Accessibility and User Experience

• Simplified interfaces to improve usability for non-technical users. • Mobile-first designs to cater to the growing use of smartphones in education.

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22

Future Development and Conclusion

Additional Future Development Directions

Data Privacy and Security

Adopting stringent measures to protect sensitive

student data, ensuring compliance with global

regulations like GDPR and FERPA. Scalability and ModularApproaches

Ensuring platforms can scale to meet theneedsof large institutions without sacrificingperformance. Modular designs allowinginstitutions to customize features basedontheirunique requirements. Gamification and Engagement

Tools

Incorporating gamification elements, such as

leaderboards and badges, to improve student

engagement within the CMS. Green Technology IntegrationDeveloping energy-efficient systems tominimizeenvironmental impact, aligning withglobal

sustainability goals. Conclusion

Choosing the right CMS or SIS platform depends on an institution's specific needs, resources, andlong-termgoals. As universities and colleges face increasing demands for efficiency, personalization, and scalability, theintegration and evolution of these systems will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of education. Byfocusing on collaboration, innovation, and inclusivity, CMS and SIS platforms can empower institutionstoprovide an enhanced educational experience for students and educators alike.

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23

education experienced a resurgence

in the U.S., fueled by evolving

educational and psychological

theories. Educators began to see a

growing alignment between

Montessori principles and

contemporary approaches to learning, paving the way for the method's

renewed popularity.

Sarah Zimmerman is editor of

Education InnovationandFuture. She is the founder of FountainheadMontessori School in 1960’.

The Journey and Modern RelevanceofMontessori Education in the UnitedStatesBY Sarah Zimmerman

Review

Historical Development

The Montessori approach made its

debut in the United States in the

early 1900s and quickly attracted

significant attention. A notable

moment came in 1916 when

Montessori education was

showcased at the San Francisco

World’s Fair as a model of

innovation, garnering widespread

acclaim. However, this initial

enthusiasm waned by the 1920s, and the Montessori method fell into

a period of obscurity that lasted

nearly three decades.

In contrast, Montessori schools

flourished in Europe and India

during the same period. This

divergence prompts reflection on

the unique challenges faced in the

American context. Contributing

factors may include: •The emergence of American

educational theories that competed

with Montessori’s principles. •Cultural differences that hindered

broader acceptance. •Economic and historical

disruptions such as the Great

Depression and World War II. By the 1950s, however, Montessori

Strengths of the Montessori

Method

Montessori education is renowned

for its distinctive approach to child

development, which offers several

key advantages:

1.Encouraging Logical and

Mathematical Thinking: The

method fosters critical thinking and

problem-solving skills, laying a

strong foundation for mathematical

proficiency. 2.Developing Geometric

Awareness: Sensory-based learning

helps children grasp geometric

concepts and prepares them for

scientific exploration. 3.Enhancing Language Skills:

Montessori classrooms create an

environment that supports clear and

confident expression, nurturing

communication abilities. 4.Promoting Physical

Coordination: Activities and

materials are designed to refine

motor skills and improve physical

balance. 5.Building Focus and Patience:

The Montessori method emphasizes

deep concentration, helping children

develop sustained attention and

perseverance. 6.Fostering Independent Learning:

With a focus on self-correction, the

method instills curiosity and a

proactive attitude toward learning. 7.Cultivating Social Skills: The

mixed-age classroom model

nurtures teamwork and leadership, equipping children for collaborative

environments.

Since its introduction to the United

States in the early 20th century, the

Montessori method has experienced

a dynamic trajectory, marked by

periods of widespread adoption, decline, and revival. This article

provides a thorough examination of

the historical evolution of

Montessori education, its strengths

and weaknesses, and its adaptability

to modern educational needs, offering parents a well-rounded

perspective. Weaknesses and ChallengesDespite its many strengths, theMontessori method is not without

limitations. Common challengesinclude:1.Incomplete Implementation: Manyinstitutions claimto followMontessori

principles but lack a deepunderstandingof the philosophy, focusingonlyonmaterials rather than methodology. 2.Variability in Teacher Training:

Effective implementationheavilydependson the teacher's ability tointerpret andapply Montessori principlesaccurately.3.Limited Outdoor Activities:

Montessori schools oftenallocatelesstime for outdoor play, whichcontrastswith cultural norms in theU.S. that

emphasize physical activity. 4.Repetitive LearningEnvironments:Mixed-age classrooms, thoughbeneficialin many ways, may leadtoalackof

novelty for children who remaininthesame setting over time. 5.Potential Drawbacksof Mixed-AgeLearning: While mixed-ageclassroomscan foster collaboration, somestudiessuggest that older childrenmayfeel

underserved in such settings. 6.Resource Constraints: Therelianceon a fixed set of Montessori materialsmay limit the diversity of learningexperiences.

childrencanbecomeinnovativethinkersbytakingsmallstepstowards

makingtheirideashappen.—Dr.MariaMontessori

24

Review

Conclusion

Montessori education has undergonesignificant evolution in theUnitedStates,moving through periods of adoption, decline, and revival. Its coreprinciples—respect for children’s autonomy, hands-onlearning, and fostering independent

thinking—resonate strongly withmoderneducational priorities. However, challengessuch as variability in implementationandlimited outdoor activities must beaddressed. Parents considering Montessori educationshould weigh its benefits andlimitationsagainst their child’s uniqueneedsandpersonality. Equally important isidentifyingschools that authentically adheretoMontessori principles rather thansimplyadopting its materials. Education is an ever-changingfieldthatmust respond to societal shifts. Althoughthe Montessori method was conceivedover a century ago, its principlesremainstrikingly relevant today. By integratingthese ideals with modern technologyandcontemporary needs, Montessori

education can continue toshapefutureglobal citizens effectively.

Modern Relevance

Personalized Education

In today’s education landscape, which

increasingly emphasizes individualized

learning, Montessori's philosophy aligns

closely with modern demands: •Choice and Autonomy: Children

select activities based on their interests,

fostering a personalized and engaging

learning experience. •Self-Paced Progression: Students are

free to progress at their own speed, reducing frustration and boredom. •Interest-Driven Learning: Teachers

observe children’s preferences and

adapt materials to sustain their curiosity.

Integration with Technology

Montessori schools are adapting to the

digital age by incorporating technology

into their methods: •Digital Tools: Software and apps now

complement traditional Montessori

materials, enhancing accessibility and

functionality. •Virtual Reality (VR): Immersive VR

experiences allow children to explore

environments like museums or historical

settings in new and engaging ways.

•Coding and STEM: Montessori

classrooms are increasinglyintegratingcoding tools like Scratch, whichencourage logical thinkingandproblem-solving. Preparing for a GlobalizedWorldMontessori education’s focusonindependence and cultural awarenessequips children with skillsneededinaninterconnected world: •Cross-Cultural Understanding:Lessons on global culturesbroadenchildren’s perspectives andfosterrespect for diversity. •Bilingualism: Many Montessori

schools offer languageprogramsthatprepare students for international

communication. •Adaptability: Independent learningandmixed-age classrooms instill flexibilityand resilience, essential intoday’sglobal economy. Aligning with STEMEducationThe Montessori emphasisonhands-onexploration aligns seamlesslywithSTEM education’s focusoninterdisciplinary learning: •Practical Applications: Montessori materials provide tangible ways for students to

engage with scientific and mathematical concepts. •Integration Across Disciplines: The holistic nature of Montessori education

naturally combines subjects like science, engineering, and math. •Encouraging Creativity: Open-ended activities nurture innovation, a key

competency in STEM fields. Supporting Emotional Intelligence

The Montessori method also emphasizes the development of social-emotional skills: •Mixed-Age Interactions: Students learn leadership, empathy, and cooperation by

engaging with peers of varying ages. •Conflict Resolution: The classroom environment encourages children to navigate

and resolve conflicts independently. •Building Confidence: Through self-directed tasks, children develop self-awareness

and a sense of accomplishment.

25

Do you knowwhat kidstalking?Here’s a list of popular abbreviation slang terms that teenagersoftenuse while chatting online. These are frequently seenintexts, socialmedia, and gaming chats

General Chat Terms

1.LOL – Laugh Out Loud

2.BRB – Be Right Back

3.OMG – Oh My God/Gosh

4.IDK – I Don’t Know

5.TBH – To Be Honest

6.LMK – Let Me Know

7.BTW – By The Way

8.TTYL – Talk To You Later

9.JK – Just Kidding

10.GTG – Got To Go

Emotional Expressions

11.ILY – I Love You

12.SMH – Shaking My Head

13.LMAO – Laughing My A** Off

14.ROFL – Rolling On the Floor

Laughing

15.IDC – I Don’t Care

16.IMU – I Miss You

17.HBU – How About You?

18.FML – F*** My Life

19.TMI – Too Much Information

20.NVM – Never Mind

Trendy Acronyms

21.YOLO – You Only Live Once

22.FOMO – Fear Of Missing Out

23.GOAT – Greatest Of All Time

24.WYD – What You Doing?

25.WYA – Where You At?

26.ICYMI – In Case You Missed It

27.OOTD – Outfit Of The Day

28.IG – Instagram or I Guess

29.FWIW – For What It’s Worth

30.NSFW – Not Safe For Work

Gaming and Online Slang

31.GG – Good Game

32.AFK – Away From

Keyboard

33.EZ – Easy (used in gaming

to signify an easy win)

34.OP – Overpowered

35.IRL – In Real Life

36.NP – No Problem

37.TT – Try hard

38.TTV – Twitch TV

39.DM – Direct Message

40.GGWP – Good Game, Well

Played

Pop Culture andSocial MediaTBT – Throwback Thursday41.ILYSM– I LoveYouSoMuch42.HMU – Hit MeUp43.STFU – Shut TheF***Up44.BFF – Best FriendsForever45.RN – Right Now46.IKR – I Know, Right?47.OMGOSH– OhMyGosh48.CU – See You49.ASAP – As SoonAsPossibleShortened Phrases51.PPL – People52.TYT – Take Your Time53.IDC – I Don’t Care54.W/E – Whatever

55.YO– You Only56.G2G– Got ToGo57.OFC – Of Course58.THX – Thanks

59.B4 – Before

60.L8R – Later

61.GRWM– Get ReadyWithMe(used in vlogs/social media)62.YMMV – Your MileageMayVary (different experiences)63. RIZZ – Charisma(usedforflirting skills)

26

Digest

Remote education during the

COVID-19 pandemic has

significantly impacted children's

lives, reshaping their learning

experiences and daily routines. This article summarizes the

effects of remote education on

children and discusses how it

should evolve to better serve

students' needs.

A systematic reviewEffects of remote learning during COVID-19

lockdown on children’s learning abilities and

school performance

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10266495/

CALENDAR

January 2025

25

Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia (NeURos), Centro NeURovitae, Escuela de Medicina

y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111711, Colombia

⁎ Correspondence to: Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud - Quinta de Mutis, Bogotá, Colombia. PMCID: PMC10266495 PMID: 37361921

Impact on Academic Performance

Remote learning has generally had

a negative effect on children's

academic performance: •Standardized test scores in

mathematics and reading declined

compared to previous years. •Students struggled to meet

grade-level expectations, particularly in schools with less in- person class time. •Over 1.5 million students in the

United States showed worse

performance in mathematics and

reading compared to the previous

academic year. Socioeconomic Disparities

The shift to remote education has

exacerbated existing inequalities: •Low-income families had less

access to reliable internet and

devices. •Children from less privileged

households spent fewer hours

learning and were more likely to

drop out of school. •Rural and remote areas faced

challenges with access to essential

tools and learning materials.

Mental Health &Social DevelopmentRemote learning has hadmixedeffectson children's well-being: •Adverse effects includedisturbedsleep patterns, attentiondeficits,frustration, stress, depression, andboredom. •Lack of in-person contact withclassmates and teachers hasimpactedsocial development. •Some positive effects, suchasimproved competitiveandmotorskills,have been reported. The Future of RemoteEducationTo address these challengesandcapitalize on the potential benefitsofremote learning, thefollowingimprovements shouldbeconsidered:1.Equitable access: Ensureall studentshave access to necessarytechnologyand internet connectivity. 2.Personalized learning: LeverageAIand adaptive technologiestoprovidetailored instructionfor diverselearnerneeds. 3.Blended learning models: Combinethe best aspects of remoteandin-person education tocreatemoreflexible and effectivelearningenvironments. 4.Teacher training: Providecomprehensive professional

development to educatorsoneffectiveremote teaching strategiesandtheuse of educational technology. 5.Mental health support: Integratesocial-emotional learningandmentalhealth resources intoremoteeducation programs. 6.Parent involvement: Developstrategies to better engageandsupport parents intheir children'sremote learning experiences. 7.Accessibility: Ensureremotelearningplatforms and materials areaccessibleto students with disabilities. By addressing theseareas, remoteeducation can evolvetobetterservestudents' academic, social, andemotional needs, whilepreparingthem for a future wheredigital literacyand adaptability arecrucial skills.27

18 K iplingerPersonalFinance MASTERUse baskets of stocks andbondstobuild the best portfolioforyou.BY NELLI E S.HUANG

INVITATION

Dear Readers, We are thrilled to announce the launch of Education Innovation and Future, an

international magazine dedicated to pioneering ideas, research, and practices inthefield of education. As we prepare for our inaugural issue, we invite you to contributeyour unique insights and expertise to this exciting platform. Our mission is to foster meaningful dialogue about the future of education, providingastage for innovative voices from around the globe. Whether you are a seasonedresearcher, a passionate educator, a forward-thinking student, or a dedicated

professional, your perspectives are invaluable to the evolving narrative of education. We are currently accepting submissions in the following formats: •Research Articles: Share your findings on groundbreaking studies and developments. •Opinion Pieces: Offer thought-provoking commentary on current educational trends. •Case Studies: Present real-world applications and their impact on learning. •Innovative Practices: Highlight creative approaches in teaching and learning. Potential topics include (but are not limited to): •Innovations in teaching methodologies and learning technologies

•The integration and impact of AI and digital tools in education

•Equity, inclusion, and diversity in educational contexts

•Comparative studies in international education systems

•Future trends in educational policy, curriculum, and practice

Submissions are welcome from individuals at all career stages and educational

backgrounds. This is an excellent opportunity to showcase your work, engage withaglobal audience, and contribute to shaping the future of education. Authors of selectedpieces will receive recognition in the magazine and a complimentary copy of the

published issue. Submission Guidelines: •Format: Please submit in Word or PDF format. •Email: Send your submissions to info@educationandfuture.org with the subject line\"Submission for Education Innovation and Future.\"

Join us in this exciting journey as we explore and redefine the landscape of educationtogether. We look forward to receiving your contributions and sharing your visionwiththe world. Warm regards, Sarah Zimmerman

Editor-in-Chief

Education Innovation and Future

educationandfuture.org

Invitation to Contribute to the Inaugural Issueof

\"Education Innovation and Future\"

28

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