20153.A.pickedoutB.comeacrossC.givenawayD.dealtwith54.A.confusedB.embarrassedC.terrifiedD.amazed55.A.meetB.attractC.hurtD.ignore56.A.appearedB.happenedC.provedD.claimed57.A.homeB.companyC.businessD.way58.A.usefulB.surprisingC.familiarD.ordinary59.A.bestB.firstC.lastD.latest60.A.cornersB.squaresC.oceansD.sides（1）2020届河南省许昌市、济源市、平顶山市高三第三次联考ChaseandNicoleMcKeownarebothpoliceofficersinElizabethtowninKentucky.Onenight,thetwooff-dutyofficers21arobberyatarestaurantchain.Whentheywereeatingdinnerintherestaurant,amancamein22amaskandwentuptothecounter.“Ithinkwebothsawhimatthesametime,”Nicolesaidduringanewsconference.23，shethoughtthemanmaybesick,given24season,butsoonsheknewthemaskwasforalessinnocent25,accordingtoCNN.Nicoleaddedtheysawtheemployeesbehindthecounter26theirhandsandthat'swhenweboth27whatwashappening.Themonitorvideo28whathappenednext.Theofficersdrewtheirweaponsand29thesuspect.Onthevideo,thesuspectcanbeseen30hisweaponandrunningoutofthedoor,CNNreported.Thecouple31topursue(追赶)himafewblocksawayfromtherestaurantand.32himatgunpointuntiltheLouisvilleMetroPolicearrivedand33him.“Itismybeliefthatifnotforthe34actionsofthesetwoofficers,therobber'sactionsinsidethe35wouldhaveescalated(升级),theyacted36,”saidDeputyDanMasonoftheLMPD’srobberyunit.Thecouplesaidtheofficerinstinct(本能)just37asthesituationworsened.“Webothlookedateachotherandsaid‘Let'sgo,’”Chasesaid.“Whenit38people’slifeindanger,anyotherofficerwouldhavedonethe39thing,”Nicolesaid.Thesuspectisnowin40inLouisville,accordingtothepolice.21.A.actedB.madeC.foundD.prevented22.A.wavingB.wearingC.holdingD.carrying23.A.LateronB.RightawayC.AtfirstD.Oncemore24.A.fluB.peakC.harvestD.holiday25.A.aimB.resultC.victimD.reason26.A.putupB.drewbackC.tookoffD.turnedover27.A.decidedB.fearedC.realizedD.wondered

20228.A.spreadB.showedC.copiedD.changed29.A.leftB.askedC.seizedD.chased30.A.hidingB.ruiningC.droppingD.returning31.A.agreedB.startedC.continuedD.offered32.A.heldB.killedC.punishedD.searched33.A.hurtB.arrestedC.examinedD.threatened34.A.heroicB.extraC.suddenD.final35.A.gameB.fightC.businessD.situation36.A.crazilyB.luckilyC.surprisinglyD.honorably37.A.tookinB.joinedinC.movedinD.kickedin38.A.goesforB.comestoC.dealswithD.fightsagainst39.A.sameB.oppositeC.commonD.different40.A.mercyB.prisonC.silenceD.hospital（2）2020届安徽省江淮十校高三第三次联考AbackinjurydroveBritonRoseOlivertotaichi,whichledhertoherhusbandandthentookbothofthemtoChina.Twentyyearsago,Oliver’sbackinjury21herchildhooddreamofbecomingaballetdancer.Buttheinjurydid22hertotaichi,amartialart23practicedinslowmotion.Herinitialhopewastoimproveher24,however,itturnedouttobringhermore.Shelatermarriedher25,ReyNelson,whotaughtherhowtoplaytaichi,andfoundedaschoolwithhim,26themartialarttomorethan10,000studentsovereightyears.In2000,thecouplemovedtoShanghai.Theytaught27inuniversitiesandhappily28taichiundervariousmasterstoenhancetheirskillsinplaying.Afteryearsofpractice,Oliverfoundheroccasional29haddisappearedamazingly.Buthergreatestpain30whenherhusbanddiedin2003,leavingheralonetofollowtheir31passionfortaichi.Shethoughtof32.Butshefinallydeterminedtocarryonto33herhusband.Withthe34ofhertaichi“family”—themastersandstudents,OliverspenthertimeoutsidetaichiteachingEnglishasshedidbeforeand35cultural-exchangeevents.ShefoundedtheDoubleDragonAlliance,which36Chinesekungfumasterstoteachmartialartstowesternersandorganizesseminarsandeventsforthemto37Chinesemassage,acupuncture,traditionalmedicine,andcalligraphy.Becauseofher38toculturalexchange,OliverwasgivenheShanghaiMagnoliaAward,anawardgiventoforeignerswhohavemade39contributionstothecity.Andshehasbeenofficially40asaMemberoftheOrderoftheBritishEmpirebyBritain’sQueenElizabethII-oneofthehighesthonorstoacitizen.21.A.realizedB.destroyedC.promotedD.decreased

20322.A.limitB.cheatC.leadD.devote23.A.typicallyB.rarelyC.immediatelyD.simply24.A.figureB.appetiteC.appearanceD.health25.A.instructorB.colleagueC.supervisorD.classmate26.A.supplyingB.explainingC.guaranteeingD.teaching27.A.sportsB.languageC.musicD.art28.A.watchedB.suspectedC.learntD.accepted29.A.backachesB.headachesC.toothachesD.stomachaches30.A.strengthenedB.fadedC.cameD.worsened31.A.previousB.separateC.sharedD.temporary32.A.comingoffB.standingupC.turningawayD.givingup33.A.honorB.accompanyC.comfortD.understand34.A.influenceB.supportC.educationD.agreement35.A.collectingB.attendingC.analyzingD.covering36.A.enablesB.ordersC.promisesD.reminds37.A.exchangeB.experienceC.sponsorD.explore38.A.inspirationB.suggestionC.adaptationD.contribution39.A.naturalB.professionalC.significantD.hopeful40.A.requiredB.celebratedC.respectedD.announced（3）2020届山西省高三高考考前适应性测试I’vedonealmosteverysportIcanthinkof,soI’vehadalotofcoaches.Andmybestcoachwasmy21teacher,Mrs.Lane.Itseemedshekneweverything,22aboutyou.OneWednesdayIpracticed23aballed-upsheetofpaperintothewastebasketfromtenfeetout.24itleftmyfingertips,Mrs.Lanecameinandsaid,“25!”Shepulledmyballofpaperoutfromthewastebasketand26ittome.Thenshewalkedtothe27oftheroomandsetthewastebasketinthecomer.“YoudidsowellthatI’dliketoseesomemore,”shesaid“Getupandjoinme.”We28thedoor.“I'dliketosee10moreshots,fromhere.Everytimeyoumiss,you29meonehourofdetention（放学后留校）”.Theclassbecame30.Anykidwho'severthrownaballed-upsheetofpaperknowsthatthere’sbarelyenough31togetitallthewayacrosstheroom,letaloneaccurately.I32theballastightlyasIcouldandtookmyfirstshot.Enough33butwideleft.Theclass34Onehourofdetention.Nextshot:short.Twohours.AtlastImadethreeshotsand35seven.Sevenhoursofone-on-onewithMrs.Lane.LaterI36whyshewasmybestcoach.Iwas37totheschool,havingmovedfromMiamithissummer.Iwassignificantly38inmath,butI'dbeenabletohide

204whatIdidn’tknow.ActuallyMrs.Lanehad39whatIdidn’tknow.Eachdetentionwastailoredtoaddressa40thatshehadspotted.ItwasthrillingtofinallyunderstandthethingsthatI’dpretendedtoknow.Igrewcomfortablewithher.21.A.footballB.languageC.scienceD.math22.A.normallyB.especiallyC.generallyD.usually23.A.throwingB.breakingC.rollingD.cutting24.A.EachtimeB.SinceC.IfD.Theinstant25.A.TerribleB.NiceC.CarefulD.Casual26.A.donatedB.foldedC.handedD.changed27.A.backB.frontC.middleD.entrance28.A.closedB.answeredC.approachedD.watched29.A.offerB.lendC.sendD.owe30.A.emptyB.noisyC.crowdedD.lonely31.A.weightB.skillC.shapeD.strength32.A.squeezedB.caughtC.kickedD.played33.A.rangeB.heightC.distanceD.force34.A.shoutedB.agreedC.jumpedD.sighed35.A.addedB.missedC.avoidedD.found36.A.setdownB.showedoffC.figuredoutD.madesure37.A.smallB.localC.newD.young38.A.wellB.behindC.quickD.around39.A.discoveredB.predictedC.ignoredD.remembered40.A.businessB.sadnessC.kindnessD.weakness（4）2020届河南省濮阳市高三第二次模拟考试Morethananythingelseintheworld,JaydenHairstonwantedtolearnhowtosing.21,hiselementaryschoolinYonkersdidn't22themusicinstructionheneeded.Sohebeggedhisparentstosignhimupforafter-schoollessons.Hismothersaid,''EversinceIcould23,hehasbeensinginganddancingforthefamily.''Shewantedtohelphersontodowhateverheloved,butprivatelessonsweretoo24forthefamilywheretherewasonlyonebreadwinner.ThenJaydenbeganresearchingafter-schoolarts25ontheInternet.Luckily,hesoon26thewebsiteofHarlemSchooloftheArts(HSA)inNewYorkCity.There,hecould27singinganddancinglessons.ItwasabitfarfromYonkers.Buthe28hisparentstotakehimforavisit.Thatwasthreeyearsago.NowJaydenisoneofHSA’smost29students.Hetakessinging,dancing,ortheaterlessonsalmosteverydayafterschool.Lastyear,heperformedin

205sevenproductions.''WhenI'matHSA,Idon'twanttoleave,''hesays.''It'smadememore30.Ifeelbetteraboutmyself,''Jaydensays.LikeJayden,manypoorstudentsacrosstheUnitedStateshave31accesstoartsinstructioninschools.HSAisoneofmanynonprofitgroupsthat32thisgap(缺口)byofferingcheaperonlineartsclasseswhichmostfamiliescan33.Thesegroupsareusuallyfundedbydonations.AHarvardUniversitystudyfoundthatartsinstructiondoesnotstraightlyraisestudents'34inmathandEnglish.However,thatdoesn’tmeanartseducationisn’t35.Artstrainasetofthinkingskills36thosemeasuredbytestscores.Itcanalsoofferanother37forchildrenwhomaynot38goodscoresinsuchexams.Withoutit,studentsmightnever39theirstrengthsandpossiblytheirfutureoccupations.JaydenHairstonknowsthisfirsthand.HesaysHarlemSchooloftheArtshas40himtogoafterhisprofessionalgoals.21.A.BesidesB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.However22.A.offerB.holdC.sellD.follow23.A.imagineB.speakC.rememberD.listen24.A.attractiveB.horribleC.troublesomeD.expensive25.A.applicationsB.programsC.competitionsD.technologies26.A.ranoverB.brokeintoC.setupD.cameacross27.A.teachB.performC.attendD.check28.A.convincedB.forcedC.instructedD.forbade29.A.friendlyB.activeC.selflessD.cautious30.A.confidentB.modestC.reasonableD.sensitive31.A.directB.normalC.limitedD.broadened32.A.bridgesB.widensC.breaksD.deepens33.A.advertiseB.prepareC.recommendD.afford34.A.responsesB.achievementsC.memoryD.attention35.A.excitingB.demandingC.valuableD.reliable36.A.differentfromB.regardlessofC.similartoD.alongwith37.A.challengeB.rightC.directionD.destination38.A.distinguishB.accumulateC.urgeD.obtain39.A.expectB.discoverC.processD.satisfy40.A.requiredB.motivatedC.promisedD.reminded（5）2020届重庆南开中学高三下学期第九次质检MyfatherdiedwhenIwasnine,andIrememberdoingthehouseholdchorestohelpmymother.Ihatedchangingthevacuumcleaner(真空吸尘器)bagand21thingsthe

206machinedidnotsuckup.Twentyyearslater,in1978,Iwasdoingchoresathomealongsidemy22.Onedaythevacuumcleanerwasscreamingaway,andIhadto23thebagbecauseIcouldnotfindanewonetoreplaceit.Withthislifelonghatredofthewaythemachineworked,Idecidedtomakea24vacuumcleaner.Easiersaidthandone,ofcourse.Ididn't25thatlwouldspendthenextfiveyearsperfectingmydesign,a26thatresultedin5,127differentprototypes(设计原型).BythetimeImademy15thprototype,mythirdchildwasborn.By2,627,mywifeandIwerereallycountingour27.By3,727,mywifewasgivingartlessonsforsomeextracash,andweweregettingfurtherandfurtherinto28.Theseweretoughtimes,buteachfailurebroughtmecloserto29theproblem.Ijusthadapassionforthevacuumcleanerasaproduct,butI30thoughtofgoingintoabusinesswithit.Intheearly1980s,Istartedtryingto31licensingagreementsformytechnology.Therealitywasverydifferent,32.Themajorvacuummakershadbuiltabusinessmodelbasedonthe33frombags.Noonewouldlicensemyidea,notbecauseitwasa(an)34one,butbecauseitwasbadforbusiness.Thatgavemethecouragetokeepgoing,butsoonafter,thecompaniesthatIhadtalkedwithstartedmakingmachines35mine.Ihadtofightlegalbattlestoprotectthepatentsonmyvacuumcleaner.However,Iwasstillin36difficultiesuntil1993,whenmybankmanagerpersonally37LloydsBanktolendme$1million.ThenIwasabletogointoproduction.Withintwoyears,theDysonvacuumcleanerbecamea38inBritain.Today,Istillembraceriskandthepotentialforfailureaspartoftheprocess.Nothing39theexcitementofinvention.Gooutandbrainstormyourideas.Youarenot40toanyrules-infact,thestrangerandriskieryouridea,thebetter.21.A.makingoutB.pickingupC.holdingontoD.notingdown22.A.porterB.designerC.dadD.wife23.A.desertB.emptyC.fillD.pack24.A.waterproofB.silentC.cheapD.bagless25.A.realizeB.regretC.doubtD.recall26.A.compromiseB.processC.bargainD.choice27.A.babiesB.bagsC.sheepD.pennies28.A.debtB.successC.quarrelD.wealth29.A.facingB.settlingC.raisingD.avoiding30.A.alsoB.occasionallyC.nearlyD.never31.A.sellB.breakC.getD.conclude32.A.thoughB.insteadC.asusualD.intheory33.A.informationB.sufferingsC.profitsD.lesson

20734.A.newB.realisticC.illegalD.bad35.A.aboveB.likeC.withoutD.beside36.A.financialB.householdC.technologicalD.moral37.A.forbadeB.orderedC.helpedD.persuaded38.A.failureB.jokeC.hitD.patent39.A.recoversB.beatsC.arousesD.adds40.A.openB.accustomedC.boundD.opposed（6）2020届四川省宜宾市叙州区第二中学校高三三诊模拟考试ManyyearsagoabigearthquakehitAmerica,killingover30,000people.Afather21hiswifesafelyathomeandrushedtothe22wherehissonwassupposedtobe,23todiscoverthatthebuildingwasasflatasapancake.Seeingthis,herememberedthe24hehadmadetohisson,“Nomatterwhathappens,I’llalwaysbethereforyou!”Tearsbeganto25hiseyes.Ashelookedatthepileof26thatoncewastheschool,itlooked27,buthekeptrememberinghiswordstohisson.Hebegantoconcentrate28wherehehad29hissontoclassbefore.Rememberinghisson’s30hadbeenintherightbackcorneroftheteachingbuilding,herushedthereandstarteddigging31theruins.Hekeptdigginganddigging.Hourslater,other32parentstriedtopullhimoff33hadbeenhisson’sclassroom,saying,“It’stoolate!They’realldead!”Butthefatherkeptdiggingforhisson.Thefirechief34andsaid,“Firesarebreakingout.You’rein35.Gohome.”Hearingthis,theAmericanfather,36verytirednow,askedpolitely,“Areyougoingtohelpme?”Hewenton37.Hedugfor8hours...12hours...24hours...36hours...then,inthe38thhour,heheardhisson’s38.Hescreamedhisson’sname,“ARMAND!”Andheheardhissonshoutback,“Dad?!It’sme,Dad!Itoldtheotherkidsnottoworry.Itoldthemthatifyouwere39you’dsaveus.Youpromisednomatterwhathappened,you’dalwaysbethereforme!Youdid40,Dad!”21.A.leftB.stayedC.reachedD.had22.A.houseB.companyC.schoolD.office23.A.hardlyB.mainlyC.surprisinglyD.only24.A.beliefB.promiseC.decisionD.advice25.A.riseB.coverC.fillD.suffer26.A.ruinsB.disastersC.earthD.bricks27.A.sadB.hopelessC.needlessD.useless28.A.atB.inC.toD.on

20829.A.walkedB.letC.runD.seen30.A.doorwayB.situationC.classroomD.entrance31.A.fromB.throughC.byD.across32.A.cold-heartedB.well-meaningC.good-lookingD.hard-working33.A.whoB.whenC.whoseD.what34.A.showedupB.showedoffC.gotupD.gotoff35.A.frustrationB.difficultyC.dangerD.fear36.A.andB.butC.ifD.though37.A.lonelyB.aloneC.togetherD.aswell38.A.soundB.voiceC.noiseD.shout39.A.rightB.deadC.aliveD.injured40.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it（7）陕西省2020届高三教学质量检测Howdokidsbehavewhentherearenogrown-upsaround?DonetteMabessaysyouneverreallyknow.“Becauseyou'renot21thematthatmoment,\"shesaid.Shehadalwaysbelievedhersonwasgood.Henevercaused22toher.Recently13-year-oldGavingot23ontape,whichshowedhewasbetterthanwhathismotherhadthought.Gavinandhisfriendsarrivedataskatepark.Theparkwas24exceptforlittleCarter,whowastherewithhismothercelebratinghisfifthbirthday.Carterhasautism（自闭症）.Biggroupsofolderkidscanmakehim25sohismom,Kristen,was26togethimoutofthere.Shedidn't27toseesomethingunpleasanthappen.“Theyreally28me.Itwasunlikeany29Ihadeverhad,”shesaid.“Youknowhowmiddleschoolkidsbehavewhenthey'reina30?That'sexactlywhathappenedthere.Gavin31thewayandtheothersfollowed.32,hedidn'tstart33Hestartedafriendship.\"TheythenstartedsingingHappyBirthdaytohim,”Kristensaid.“Thatreallyblewmeawaybecauseyoujustwantedtoseethe34intheworld.”“Agroupofmiddleschoolstudentsmade35withayoungboywithautismataNewJerseyskatepark,”areportsaid.Buthere5sthe36part:sincetheirfirstmeeting,Gavinandthemiddleschoolershave37togooutoftheirwaytoplaywithCarter.Theyusuallymeetatthepark.Thisisa(n)38momentbecausetheonlythingbetterthanseeingyourkid39kindlyisknowingyourkidistreatingotherskindlyevenwhenyou5renotwatching.\"Iamjustso40ofhim,\"Donettesaid.

20921.A.stoppingB.guidingC.correctingD.watching22.A.pityB.fearC.concernD.shame23.A.hurtB.caughtC.lostD.cheated24.A.livelyB.quietC.emptyD.safe25.A.crazyB.nervousC.angryD.unhealthy26.A.readyB.afraidC.gladD.free27.A.careB.waitC.needD.want28.A.surprisedB.interestedC.excitedD.satisfied29.A.sufferingB.introductionC.experienceD.conversation30.A.groupB.hurryC.gameD.row31.A.triedB.ledC.showedD.shared32.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.BesidesD.However33.A.talkB.discussionC.disagreementD.trouble34.A.happinessB.politenessC.kindnessD.thankfulness35.A.friendsB.promisesC.decisionsD.changes36.A.nextB.bestC.restD.last37.A.preparedB.expectedC.learnedD.continued38.A.heart-warmingB.funnyC.commonD.important39.A.servedB.treatedC.comfortedD.protected40.A.tiredB.fondC.proudD.terrified（8）2020届四川省宜宾市普通高中高三高考适应性考试（三诊)MyfamilyandIbelongedtoacountryclublocatedacrossthestreetfromtheLongIslandSound.Eachsummer,thebig41foruswasthepool.Ilearnedhowtoswimand42theswimmingteam.However,swimminginmy43dayswasawaytokeepcool,andswimmingonateamgavemeidentityandasenseof44.Italsobecame45manyyearslater.Fast-forward(快进)to1973—Iwas46,pregnantandhadahome.Whatmadeourlittlehomeevenmore47wasthatIdiscoveredthatfour48awaywasRathParkPool!Forthenext30years,mostofoursummerdayswere49aroundthatpool.Eachofmyfivekidstookswimminglessonsandlearnedallthe50swimmingstrokes(姿势).AsmuchasIwouldhavelikedtohavelifestand51,itdoesn’t.Mychildrenoutgrewtheirpooldaysandmovedonwiththeirownlife.Butthepoolwasstillfourblocksfrommyhome,soIbeganto52swimmingagain.IgotsomuchoutofitthatIjoinedthelocalpool,soIcouldswimyear-round.WheneverIswam,Iwould53comeoutfeelingphysicallyandmentally54.IoftenfeltthatifIlookedhardenough,Iwouldbeabletoseeallofthe55andproblemsI’vehadinlife,sittingatthebottomofthepool!

210Whathasswimming56me?I’velearnedthat57isthekeytobeingagood58.Ifyouarebalancedinthewater,youhavenoresistance.Workingonstayingbalancedmademerealizethe59betweenlifeinandoutoftheswimlane.Ifyouworkonkeepingyourselfbalanced,youwillbeabletoswimright60thestressandproblemslifethrowsatyou.41.A.attractionB.activityC.holidayD.building42.A.refusedB.managedC.foundedD.joined43.A.busierB.youngerC.tiringD.exciting44.A.belongingB.dutyC.beautyD.loss45.A.impressiveB.difficultC.invaluableD.boring46.A.employedB.wornC.dismissedD.married47.A.disappointingB.encouragingC.wonderfulD.hopeful48.A.blocksB.milesC.hoursD.meters49.A.wastedB.spentC.stoppedD.remembered50.A.clumsyB.strangeC.funnyD.different51.A.straightB.stillC.awayD.high52.A.takeupB.giveupC.learnfromD.worryabout53.A.yetB.neverC.alwaysD.sometimes54.A.sensitiveB.refreshedC.nervousD.weakened55.A.daysB.childrenC.worriesD.dreams56.A.helpedB.taughtC.encouragedD.made57.A.experienceB.challengeC.trainingD.balance58.A.familyB.motherC.kidD.swimmer59.A.similaritiesB.activitiesC.exercisesD.skills60.A.withB.overC.throughD.to（9）2020届湖南省长沙市一中高考模拟卷Iamtheyoungestofthreechildrenandhavetwoolderbrothers.Myfamilywasalwaysfortunateandwehadavery21lifeinShanghai.My22werefocusedonoureducation,butalsoongivingusmorecontroloverourownlifesothatwecouldmoveahead23.Touseacaranalogy(类比),Iwasthe24,buttheywere25inthepassengerseatincaseIneededsupport.Sotheydidn’t26myhomeworkbut,wheneverIhadaquestion,Icould27tothem.Iremember28mymomtellingneighbors,“Mydaughterisverysmart.Sheknowshowtoplay29.”ThefactthatmymotherthoughtIwassmartbecauseIcouldplayasport,andnotjustbecauseIwasgoodatschoolwork,wasahuge30.Igrewupfeeling31andhada“cando”attitude.ShanghaiisdifferentfromtherestofChinaasithasamorewesternizedenvironment.So,in

211thelate70s,whenmyfamilymovedtoSanFranciscoto32mygrandparents,fromalifestylepointofviewitwasnotmuchdifferent.Whatwasreally33wasmyEnglish.Iloveto34withpeoplebutIcould35sayinEnglish,“Howdoyoudo?”“Thankyou.”and“Don’tmentionit.”Whenwearrived,mygrandfathersaid,“Oh,Weili,livinghereisgoingtobewonderful36youdon’tspeakmuchofthelanguage,becauseAmericansareveryfriendly.”Myparentstaughtustobe37andwhenIwenttoschoolorthesupermarket,Iwouldsay,“Thankyou.”38theexpectedreply,“Don’tmentionit,”39said,“You’rewelcome.”Sooneday,Itoldmygrandfather,“Youwere40—peopleherealwayssayIamwelcomehere.”21.A.difficultB.comfortableC.busyD.sad22.A.grandparentsB.neighborsC.brothersD.parents23.A.lightlyB.slowlyC.confidentlyD.cautiously24.A.passengerB.ownerC.conductorD.driver25.A.sittingB.sleepingC.waitingD.resting26.A.handinB.helpwithC.learnfromD.askfor27.A.turnB.respondC.explainD.lie28.A.stoppingB.imaginingC.hearingD.minding29.A.basketballB.tricksC.rolesD.music30.A.achievementB.encouragementC.movementD.argument31.A.burdenedB.frightenedC.valuedD.excited32.A.inviteB.leaveC.loveD.join33.A.confusingB.challengingC.tiringD.inspiring34.A.quarrelB.liveC.communicateD.compete35.A.hardlyB.firmlyC.slowlyD.only36.A.eventhoughB.inthatC.incaseD.eversince37.A.carefulB.patientC.politeD.modest38.A.InsteadofB.BymeansofC.InspiteofD.dueto39.A.nobodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.everybody40.A.wrongB.rightC.niceD.funny（10）2020届河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟考试Kemirahadjusttakenashowerwhenshefoundher12-day-olddaughter,Ryleigh,waschoking.The24-year-oldnewmother21thebathroomandbeganpattingherdaughterontheback.Butthebaby22washesitatingtobreathe.She23thatRyleighneededtogettothehospitalquickly.Shehadhardlymadeitoutofherneighborhoodwhenshewas24byKimbro,apoliceofficer,forspeeding.Kemira25overtotheroadside.Desperatefor26,

212shehandedthebabytoKimbro.Heputahandonherlittle27gently.Ryleigh’sheartwasbarelybeating.Kimbro28foranambulance-itwassevenminutesout,andthehospitalwaseverfurtheraway.ButRyleighcouldn’t29sevenminutes,herlipsalreadyashadeofblue.ThefactthatKimbrowastherewassomethingofa30.Heisaschoolresourceofficerwho31spendshisdayspatrolling(巡逻)themiddleschooltenmilesaway.Buthetravelsfartherwhen32isoutinthesummer.Even33:hehadrecentlycompletedaCPRclassandknewexactlyhowtotreatababy.Kimbrousedone34toclearthebaby’sairway.Thatwasthemagictouch.20secondslater,Ryleighbeganto35.“Aslongasshe’scrying,she’s36.”Kimbrosaid.HeworriedthatRyleighwould37again,sohecontinuedpressingherchest38andperiodicallyclearingherairwaywithhisfinger.“ThewholetimeIwasthinking,‘Donotletthisbabyby39infrontofhmother’”helatertoldInsideEdition.“Justdon’t.”Atthehospital,Ryleigh40quickly,thankstoadeterminedschoolpoliceofficerwhowasintherightplaceattherighttime.21.A.gotridofB.settleddowntoC.heldontoD.burstoutof22.A.alwaysB.evenC.stillD.once23.A.admittedB.realizedC.explainedD.required24.A.stoppedB.arrestedC.trackedD.fined25.A.pulledB.turnedC.tookD.went26.A.moneyB.helpC.adviceD.relief27.A.faceB.headC.chestD.nose28.A.radioedB.searchedC.wishedD.sent29.A.liveB.getC.offerD.wait30.A.battleB.symbolC.choiceD.miracle31.A.actuallyB.recentlyC.usuallyD.eventually32.A.timeB.schoolC.patienceD.fire33.A.luckierB.worseC.easierD.funnier34.A.handB.stickC.fingerD.tool35.A.smileB.cryC.moveD.play36.A.strugglingB.returningC.changingD.breathing37.A.sleepB.hurtC.hesitateD.choke38.A.firmlyB.quicklyC.gentlyD.simply39.A.starveB.dieC.weepD.suffer40.A.recoveredB.adjustedC.behavedD.managed

213阅读理解专项训练一：词义猜测题Part1：词义猜测题特点猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。词义猜测题思维导图【设问形式】•Theunderlinedword“…”refersto/(probably)means.•“…”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas…•Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?•Whatdoestheunderlinedword“…”refertointhelastparagraph?•Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“…”?•Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby…•Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“…”?•Whatdoestheauthormeanby“…”inparagraph2?

214Part2：词义猜测题七大猜词技巧1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：例子1Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Complex.B．Advanced.C．Powerful.D．Modern.[分析]根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选项powerful(强大的，有影响力的)。【真题小练】(浙江2019.6阅读理解B）Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,\"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.\"()Whatdoestheexpression\"moneywithnostringsattached\"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.2.根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：例子2IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72

215hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.29．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A．providerB．deliverymanC．collectorD．medicaldoctor[分析]“avolunteerstemcellcourier”是“PeterHodes”的同位语；根据文中“Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittlebox”可知，PeterHodes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员。故选择B项。3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：①“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,”Anacleriosaid,“andthey'reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。②Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”。例子3Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,_orworry.[分析]根据构词法知识我们可知，un-为否定前缀，-ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。【真题小练】(全国II2014阅读理解A）Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallpapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers...Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonlyreturnedtheimportantdocumentstousthatday,butalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?A.showed.B.sentout.C.delivered.D.gaveback4.根据因果关系进行猜测在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：例子4

216Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A．Adessert.B．Adrink.C．Acontainer.D．Amachine.[分析]该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的后半句和第二句，“youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa‘soft-serve’creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.”即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。由此因果关系可推知juicer指的是榨汁机。故选择D项。5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。例如：例子5[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.[3]It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.[分析]根据语境可知，画线词that指代第二段“Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测

217在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。[例](2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore_is_morewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.例子6…32．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Themore,thebetter.B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney,moreworries.D．Earnmoreandspendmore.[分析]根据该段第一句“Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.”可知，作者认为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉，后面又用反问句提出了问题：但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，我们为什么通常又认定moreismore呢？由此推知，这里的moreismore与前面的floodedwith为近义呼应，指“越多越好”。故选A。7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如but,however,otherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：①Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。②Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。③TheplayersintheWorldCupareprofessionals,whilethosewhoplayintheOlympicsmustbeamateurs.由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是professionals(专业人士)的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。例子7…GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.Theywentfarthernorthintothe

218deepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?A．Tested.B．Separated.C．Forcedout.D．Trackeddown.[分析]画线词的前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，后来由于人类的发展，灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失，由此可推断出画线词的意思为“被迫离开”，故选择C项。Part3：高考真题演练2021新高考1卷C篇WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（栖息地）.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword\"decimate\"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.2021.6全国乙卷B篇Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.2Whatdoestheunderlinedword\"concede\"inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.2021.6浙江卷B篇Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealizedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay\"chocolate\"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealizedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondon

219mediatype,appointedhimself\"marketingdirectorforNature\".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganizationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword\"charts\"inparagraph2?A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms2020全国卷IB篇Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliaritybutalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的),anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortázar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.26.()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“currency”inparagraph4referto?A.Debt.B.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.2020全国卷IIC篇Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeinto

220clothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus,”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.30.()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.2020全国卷IIIB篇When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartII”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.26.()Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.

2212020江苏卷C篇Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.61.()Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“”.A.digestthemealeasilyB.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeatD.eatwhateverisoffered2020山东卷C篇Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.9.()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.2020浙江卷B篇ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon’tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.25.（）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.

222【拔高闯关】整篇阅读：阅读下面整篇文章，在A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，每题只有一个答案。1.（2018·北京卷·D·改编）PreparingCitiesforRobotCarsAstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructureandoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Reduced.B.Replaced.C.increased.D.employed.2.（2017·全国乙卷·D改编）Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsupandoutthesideofthehole.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thespoon.B.Thestill.C.Thecup.D.Thehole.【创新闯关】（经典原创题）阅读下面的文章，在A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，每题只有一个答案。Pre-schoolchildrenwhospendtimetogethertakeononeanother'spersonalities,anewresearchhasfound.Thestudyshowsthatenvironmentplaysakeyroleinshapingpeople'spersonalities.Whilegeneticsstillformsthecentralpartofthehumanpsyche,theresearchfindsthatpersonalitytraitsare“contagious”amongchildren.“Ourfindingfliesinthefaceofcommonassumptionsthatpersonalitycan'tbechanged,”saidDr.JenniferNeal,co-authorofthestudy.Theresearchersstudiedthepersonalitiesandsocialnetworksoftwopre-schoolclassesforafullschoolyear.Oneoftheclasseswasasetofthree-year-olds,andtheotherasetoffour-year-olds.Childrenwhosefriendswerehard-workingoroutgoinggraduallytookonthese

223personalitytraitsovertime.PsychologyexpertDr.EmilyDublinsaidkidsarehavingafarbiggereffectoneachotherthanpeoplemayrealize.Thenewstudyisnotthefirsttoexplorethecontagiouseffectsofpersonalitytraits.A2015psychologystudyfoundthatrudenessatworkcanbecontagiousasittravelsfrompersontoperson“likeadisease”.Thestudyfoundthatseeingabossbeingrudetoanemployeewasenoughtocausepeopletoberudetothosearoundthem.Theresearchersquestioned6,000peopleonthesocial“climate”intheirworkplaces,whichincludedoffices,hotelsandrestaurants.Theyfound75percentofthosewhotookpartsaidtheyhadbeentreatedrudelyatleastonceinthepastyear.Andthestudyalsosuggeststhatmerelyseeingotherpeoplebeingsubjectedtorudenessmadeitmorelikelythatapersonwouldtreattheircolleaguesinthesameway.Rudenesscouldincludeleavingsomeoneoffaninvitetoacompanyevent,sendingunkindemails,findingfaultwithothersorfailingtogivepraise.Dr.Torkelsonbelievescompaniesneedtobemoreawareoftheharmthatrudenessintheworkplacecandoasitcandamagetheworkingenvironment.Shesaidbettertrainingcouldhelptofightagainsttheproblem1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“fliesinthefaceof”inParagraph1mean?A.Leadsto.B.Resultsin.C.Agreewith.D.Goesagainst.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“socialnetworks”inParagraph2mean？A.Publicrelations.B.SocialresourcesC.PersonalitiesD.Onlinefriends3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“contagious”inParagraph3mean?A.Significant.B.Infectious.C.Harmful.D.Nice.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“climate”inParagraph4mean?A.ColleaguesB.BossC.AtmosphereD.Rudeness

224高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题（练案）1.利用上下文语境来猜测词义Passage3Therearesomanywaystomakenewfriendssuchasjoiningasportsteam,takingpartincommunityactivities,ortraveling.Andthereisnodoubtthatafriendinneedisafriendindeedbecausehecanhelpyououtwhenyouareintroubleorencourageyouwhenyouareupset.So,joiningasportsteamwillbemyfirstchoice.Theprimaryreasonforthisisthateveryoneinasportsteamhasthesameinterest,whichisthemostbasiccharacterforfriends.Becauseofit,theywillbecomeyourpotentialfriendssothatthechancetobefriendsisveryhigh.Inaddition,thesameinterestcangiveyoualotoftopicstotalkaboutwithyourfriendsindailyconversation.1.【★★☆】Theunderlineword“potential”canbereplacedby.A.beatB.suitableC.reliableD.possiblePassage4Plentyofsciencefiction(sci-f)moviesoverthedecadeshaveshownusdifferentversionsofMars.ThetruthabouttheMartiansurfacemightbeexcitingbecauseit'sreal.AndwithNASA’sMars2020missionsettolaunchthissummer,we'refacingmorediscovery.Sofar,thankstoadecadeofresearchenabledbyNASA'sCuriosityrover,we’velearnedthatlakes,riversstreamsandlikelyoceansusedtoappearonMars.Whileitswaterdisappearedoverthreebillionyearsago,ittellsusthatMarsusedtobehabitable.Thisknowledgeconfusesusbecausesofar,we’veseennoclearevidenceoflifethere,notevenavirus.ButifMarswasoncehabitable,wouldn'tithavelife?1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“habitable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Enjoyabletovisit.B.Suitableforliving.C.Readyforchanges.D.Convenienttotravel.2.利用指代关系来猜测代词词义Passage5WhenMichaelPhelpsannouncedhisretirementatthe2016RioOlympicshereallyhadnointentionofswimmingcompetitivelyagain.However,thatchangedwhenheapproachedtheDiscoveryChanneltohelpkickoffSharkWeekwitharaceagainstoneoftheworld’sfastestandmostefficientshark-agreatwhite!1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph1referto?A.Hisintentiontoswimming.B.Hisoriginalidea.C.Hisdecisiontoquitswimming.D.HisrankingintheOlympics.Passage6Mostparentsfeargettinglettershomefromtheirchildren’sschool.Theyareusuallyinformingthemthattheirchildisinbigtrouble.ButaheadoftheSATsexamsnextweek,oneschooldecidedto

225sendaletterofadifferenttype.BossesatBucktonValePrimarySchoolinStalybridgesentlettertoallpupilsinthesixthgradetotellthemhowspecialanduniquetheyare.Theletterhighlightsallthenaturalskillsandabilitiesthepupilshaveandeverythingthatmakesthem“smart’’individuals.1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph1referto?A.Parent.B.Children.C.Teachers.D.Letters.3.利用构词法知识来猜测词义Passage7AmongthefourskillsinlearningEnglish，whichoneoftheseisthe“oddmanout”?Theanswerisspeaking．Theotherthreeyoucandoaloneonyourown．Butyoucan’treallyspeakalone!Speakingtoyourselfcanbe“dangerous”becausemeninwhitecoatsmaycomeandtakeyouaway!WherecanyoufindpeopletospeakEnglish?Andhowcanyoupracticespeakingwhenyouarealone?1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“oddmanout”probablymeanaccordingtothepassage?A.Someoneorsomethingthatcanbeeasilymistakenforanother．B.Someoneorsomethingappearingdifferentfromtheothers．C.Someoneorsomethingstandingoutofthegroup．D.Someoneorsomethingarrangedinpairs．Passage8Asmanypeoplerisktheirlivesandthelivesofpeoplearoundthemjusttosendatextormindlesslychecktheirmessages,smartphonesareinmanywaysmoredangeroustopeople.Thequalityofthistechnologyisdeadvancingsocietalachievementsandweakeningthevalueofcommunication.Notonlyisthesmartphoneaffectingourdesiretointerac（t交流）facetoface,butitisalsoloweringsociety’sabilitytocommunicate.1.【★★☆】Theunderlinedword“deadvancing”inthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby_______.A.weakeningB.broadeningC.strengtheningD.promoting4.利用定义来猜测词义Passage9Scientistsstartedthinkingthatthehumanbraincoulddevelopandchangewhentheystudiedanimals’brains.Theyfoundoutthatanimalsthatlivedinachallengingenvironmentweremoreperspicacious－theywerebetteratsolvingproblemsandlearningnewthings.1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perspicacious”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Strong.B.Smart.C.Popular.D.Active.

226Passage10Anearthquakeisoneofthemostcommonnaturaldisasters.Itmaycausegreatdamage.Soitiswisetolearnsomesimplesafetytipstoprotectyourselforyourfamilymembers.Fragileitemslikethosemadeofglassareeasilybrokenandshouldusuallybeplacedonalowersurface,nearthegroundinsteadofplacingtheminthecupboardshigherup.Neverplacethemnearyourbed,sofasandotherfurniturewhereyouwouldbesittingorlyingdown.Whenthereisastrongmovement,thesepieceswillfallonthefloordirectlyandnotonyou.1.【★★☆】Theunderlinedword“Fragile”inParagraph2probablymeans“”．A.EasilyfoundB.ExpensiveC.EasilybrokenD.Heavy5.利用对比或比较的词语来猜测词义Passage11MarchMadnessishere.Thecollegebasketballtournamenthappensonceayear.ItbeginsonMarch11andrunsforthreeweeks.MillionsofpeoplewillfollowthetournamentonTV.Millionsmorewillbetafewdollarsontheevent.Theywilltrytopickthewinner.Thecountry’s68bestcollegebasketballteamsstartoffinthetournament.Teamsarecutaftertheyloseonegame.Overtime,thenumberofremainingteamsshrinks.TherearetheSweetSixteen,theEliteEightandthentheFinalFour.Intheend,therearejusttwosurvivors.Theyfightitoutinachampionshipgame.1【.★★☆】Theunderlinedword“shrink”inParagraph3canprobablybereplacedby“”.A.fightB.reduceC.competeD.growPassage12Sohowdotheseshoeswork?AccordingtoNike,eachshoeispoweredbyasmallmotorthathasthepowertotietheshoes.Allthewearerhastodoisputthemon,andatfirst,theshoesareveryloose.Butthenyoucanpushthe“+”button,andtheshoeswilltighten(收紧）togivetheweareraperfectfit.Totakethemoff,allyouhavetodoispushthe“-”button,andtheshoeswilleasilyslideoff.Buttheshoesarebatterycharged,andforsomeonewhousesthemquiteoften,theyneedtobechargedeverytwoweeks.1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“slideoff”meaninParagraph4?A.Moveoff.B.Payoff.C.Gowrong.D.Becometight.6.熟词僻义猜测词义Passage13Withthisunshakablebelief,I,atfourteen,decidedtobecomeawriter.Heretoo,readingbecameuseful.Everywriterstartsoffknowingthathehassomethingtosay,butbeingunabletofindtherightwaystosayit.Hehastofindhisownvoicebyreadingwidelyanddiscoveringwhichpartsofthe

227writersheagreesordisagreeswith,oragreeswithsostronglythatitreshapeshisownworld.Hecannotwritewithoutlovingtoread,becauseonlythroughreadingotherpeople’swritingcanonediscoverwhatworks,whatdoesn’tand,intheend,togetherwithlotsofpractice,whatvoicehehas.1.【★★☆】Theunderlinedword\"voice\"inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans“________”.A.anideaB.asoundqualityC.awayofwritingD.aworldtowriteaboutPassage14Ladybugs(瓢虫)goabouttheirdailybusinesswithoutworryingmuchaboutanything.Veryfewbirdsorinsectswilleataladybugbecauseitgivesoffsomethingthatisdangeroustoeat.Ladybugsalsoprotectthemselvesbyplayingdead.Theyfalloffleavesandremainverystilluntiltheirenemygoesaway.Sonexttimeyouseealadybug,thinkaboutwhatitmaybeupto.Maybeitisofftosaveanorangetree.Maybeitsnextmovewillbetofalloffaleafandplaydeadorstanduptoabirdabout100timesitssize.Maybeit’slettingyouknowthattheweatherwillbegoodtomorrow.Whoknows?Ladybugsarespecialthatway.1.【★★★】Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“standupto”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Playwith.B.Worryabout.C.Getalongwith.D.Fightbackagainst.巩固练习Passage1Doyouwanttogethomefromworkknowingyouhavemadearealdifferenceinsomeone’slife?Ifyes，don’tcareaboutsexorage!Comeandjoinus,thenyou’llmakeit!1.【★☆☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedpartmean?A.You’llmakeothers’livesmoremeaningfulwiththisjob.B.You’llarrivehomejustintimefromthisjob.C.You’llearnagoodsalaryfromthisjob.D.You’llsucceedingettingthisjob.Passage2“Whendogsfollowtheirowners,therecanbeseveralscientificexplanations,dependingonthedogandtheindividualsituation,”accordingtoMaryBurch,Ph.D.,ananimalbehaviorist(行为学家).Theseexplanationsinclude:Positivereinforcement(正面强化):Whenyourdogfollowsyou,goodthingshappen.Thinkdogfood,ahotbathandtakingawalkaroundtheneighborhood.Yourdog’snodummy.Andoneofhismanytalentsislearningfromexperience,thatis“reinforcement.”1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dummy”meaninPara5?A.cute.B.considerate.C.stupid.D.lovely.Passage3Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimes

228asmanyasApple(AAPL),accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'ssalesplungedalmost20%.1.【★★☆】Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?A.increasedgreatlyby.B.reducedgreatlyto.C.droppedgreatlyby.D.remainedsteady.Passage4Somepeopledon’ttrytomakefriendsbecausetheideaofmakingnewfriendsisscarytothem.They’reafraidpeoplewillrefusetomakefriendswiththem.Ifsomeonedoesrejecttomakefriendswithyouitdoesn’tmeanthatyou’reuselessorunlovable.Maybethey’rehavingabadday.Maybetheydon’tknowyouwell.Ormaybethey’renotaniceperson.Ifyou’vebeenturneddownbysomeonebeforedon’tthinkotherswilldothesametoyou.1.【★☆☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reject”inParagraph4mean?A.Refuse.B.Offer.C.Afford.D.Try.Passage5Ofcourse,therewereanumberofnewthings,andittookmethewholeyeartofindthemallout.Inevergothomesick.PerhapsitwasbecauseIdidnothavetoomanynegativeexperiencesandfeltlovedandwelcomedthere.However,IhadundergonesomepainfulexperiencebackinGermany.Iwasfrustratedbythewaypeoplewouldrunmeoverandnotevensay\"Sorry\".TakingupmystudiesattheTU-Dresden,Ifeltlonely.Everybodyhereseemedtobewithdrawn(离群的)andImissedeverythingIhadinCincinnati.Germanywasso\"cold\".Ifounditsomuchhardertomakenewfriends.AftersixmonthsIgotaroommateandonlytwogoodfriends.IalsoflewbacktoCincinnatiseveraltimesforlongperiods.IfeltthatwithoutthosevisitsIwasnotabletomakeit.1.【★☆☆】Theunderlinedword\"undergone\"inParagraph4probablymeansA.welcomedB.acceptedC.expectedD.sufferedPassage6TheFDAhasbeguntestingfrozenberriesforhepatitisA(甲肝)andnorovirus(诺如病毒).Theresearch,whichstartedinNovemberandisexpectedtolastfor18months,waspromptedbyfourfrozenberryrelatedoutbreaksintheU.S.between1997and2018.ThethreehepatitisAoutbreaksintheU.S.caused405peopletogetsickand53wereinhospital,whiletheonenorovirusoutbreakmade136peopleill,accordingtotheFDA.1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prompted”meaninParagraph1?A.Influenced.B.Attracted.C.Caused.D.ProducedPassage7Thereisathirdreasonforthissituation.Childrenthesedaystakeverylittleexercise.Theydonotwalktoschool.Whentheygethome,theysitinfrontofthetelevisionortheircomputersandplaycomputergames.Notonlyisthisanunhealthypastime(消遣),italsogivesthemtimetoeat

229moreunhealthyfood.Whattheyneedistogooutsideandplayactivegamesorsports.Theabovearethemainreasonsforthisproblem,andthereforewehavetoencourageyoungpeopletobemoreactive,aswellassteeringthemawayfromfastfoodshopsandbadeatinghabits.1.【★★☆】Theword“steering”underlinedinthelastsentencemostprobablymeans.A.forcingB.guidingC.drivingD.movingPassage8Theschoolauthoritiessaytheyfeelthebanisnecessarytokeeporderinclass.Theyevengaveoutanopenlettertoremindparentsnottolettheirchildrenbringmobilephonestoschool.Morethan96percentofparentssaytheywelcometheschooldecision.Theschoolisalsobeingflexibleinimplementingtheban.Thosestudentswholivefarfromschoolareallowedtobringmobilephonestocontacttheirparents.Buttheystillhavetoswitchthemoffinclassrooms.Medicalexpertshavealsowelcomedtheschooldecision.Theysaytoomuchdependenceonmobilephonescancausemanypsychologicalproblemsinteenagestudents.1.【★★☆】Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword\"implementing\"inthe2ndparagraph?A.Carryingout.B.Givingup.C.Makingup.D.Findingout.Passage9SomepeoplefightlazinessbyremovingthetemptationsthatsurroundthemAtelevisioninthelivingroommayprovideentertainment,butwatchingtoomuchTVoftencontributestolaziness.Createarewardsystemforyourself,justasparentsdoforachild.Completeafewtasksandrewardyourselfwithwhatyouenjoy,suchasagooddinnerorafilm.1.【★★☆】Theunderlinedword“temptations”isclosestinmeaningto_______.A.excitementsB.distractionsC.attractionsD.entertainmentsPassage10WhencartoonbookcharactersliketheIncredibleHulkgetangry,theychangecoloursandoftengainspecialpower.Intherealworld,angerislessobviousandmaybemoredangerous.That’swhyProfessorFredLuskin,founderoftheStanfordForgivenessProjectandauthorofForgiveforGood,saysholdingontoangerandhatredcanharmyourphysicalandmentalhealth.Twonewstudiesseemtoshowthesameidea.1.【★★☆】Theunderlinedphrase“holdingonto”inthispassagepossiblymeans“______”.A.removingB.keepingupC.gettingridofD.learningaboutPassage11Learningasecondlanguageistoughatanyage.Now,inanewstudy,scientisthavefoundouttheexactageafterwhichyourchancesofreachingfluency（流利）inasecondlanguageseemtoplummet:10.ThestudypublishedinthejournalCognition,foundthatit's\"nearlyimpossible\"forlanguagelearnerstoreachnative-leve（l母语水平）fluencyiftheystartlearningasecondlanguageafterage

23010.“Itturnsoutyou'restilllearningfast,”saysstudycoauthorJoshuaHartshorne.“It’sjustthatyourunoutoftime,becauseyourabilitytolearnstartsdroppingataround17or18yearsold,”Peoplewhostartafewyearsafterage10maystillbecomequitegoodatalanguage,theauthorssay,buttheyareunlikelytobecomefluent.1.【★★☆】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummet”inparagraph1mean?A.Dropsharply.B.Increasegreatly.C.Appeargradually.D.Doublesuddenly.Passage12Areyouattractedtoobscure(偏远的)places?Doyouprefertovacationawayfromothertourists?Areyoucarefultotakeonlymemoriesandtoleaveonlyfootprints?Ifyouansweredyestomorethanoneofthesequestions,youjustmightbeanecotourist.Ecotourists(生态旅游)arepeoplewhowanttoexperiencetheunspoilednaturalworldandleaveitthatwaywhentheyreturnhome.Thistrendstartedinthe1990sandecotourismisnowgrowingthreetimesfasterthanthetourismindustryatlarge.TheEcuador’sremoteAmazonBasin(盆地)iscontributingtothatexpansion,anditgivesasnapshotofwhatecotourismlookslike.AttheEcolodge,asmallgroupofcabins(小屋)sitsKapawiEcolodgeinthemiddleoftheAchuarpeople’sreserve(保护区)andisonlyreachedbyair.Fromhere,visitorscanexplorepartsoftheAmazonrainforestseenbyfewoutsiders.AstheydolocalAchuarguidesexplainhowtheforestisliketheirsupermarket,wheretheyfindfood,clothing,medicineandtools.Asaresult,touristslearntoappreciatethelocalcultureaswellasthenaturalenvironment.1.【★★★】Whichofthewordsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“snapshot”inthesecondparagraph?A.Idea.B.Aim.C.Adventure.D.Opportunity.

231阅读理解专项训练二：主旨大意题Part1：主旨大意题分类和选项特点主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题分为标题类和主题类。主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。正确选项特征干扰选项特征1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。1.过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。2.以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。3.移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。4.无中生有，生搬硬套所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。Part2：三大类分项突破类型一标题归纳题

232一、常见设问方式·Thebesttitleofthepassageis.·Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?·Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?·Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis.二、解题必备知能(一)理解标题的3大特点一个好的标题应具备三大特点：1．概括性准确而又简短；2．针对性标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。(二)巧用3大方法确定文章标题1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。例子1GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant，”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendof

233celebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.27．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB．BalancingOurDailyDietC．MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD．CookingWellforLess[解题示范]第一步：读文章，概括文意本文是一篇新闻报道。《早安英国》的节目主持人苏珊娜·瑞德新推出了一档节目——SaveMoney:GoodFood，向观众展示如何用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜。第二步：析选项，斟酌判断A通过明智的吃来保持健康文中虽提到有关饮食和健康方面的内容，但这不是文章主要内容。以偏概全，主次不分B平衡我们的日常饮食文中没有提到平衡日常饮食。无中生有，生搬硬套C让你自己成为一个完美的厨师文中只是提到用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜，没有说做一个完美的厨师。以偏概全，主次不分D用的少，烹饪好文章围绕用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜展开的。涵盖性强，覆盖全文[答案]D类型二文章大意题一、常见设问方式·What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?·Thepassageismainlyabout.·Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout.·Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?·Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?

234·Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily.·Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis.·Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout.二、解题必备知能掌握寻找主题句的4个小窍门，快速确定文章大意文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词，通常是主旨。例子2Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewer

235peoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.31．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.[解题示范]第一步：读文章，概括文意文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。第二步：析选项，斟酌判断A新语言将会被创造。文章介绍的是语言的减少而不是新语言的创造。移花接木，偷换概念B人们的生活方式会反映到语言上。文中没有这种说法。无中生有，生搬硬套C人类的发展导致语言越来越少。文章介绍了世界上语言多样性的发展变化以及现在很多语言面临消亡的威胁这一现象。涵盖性强，覆盖全文D地理决定语言的发展。文中没有这种说法。无中生有，生搬硬套[答案]C类型三段落大意题一、常见设问方式·WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?·Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.

236·Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.·WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?·Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?二、解题必备知能归纳段落大意的2种方法方法1：概括段落大意要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。(1)如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；(2)如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；(3)如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；(4)如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显的看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了；(5)如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系；(6)如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。例子3TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.ThevehiclenamedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.…28．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B．Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C．Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D．ThedesignersoftheTransition.[解题示范]

237第一步：读文章，概括段意该段没有主题句，但是从以下几个方面说明了飞车theTransition的相关情况：①制造商：TerrafugiaInc.②首飞成功：completeditsfirstflight③上市时间：withinthenextyear④飞车名字：theTransition⑤飞车构成：twoseats,fourwheelsandwings⑥飞行时速：around70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair⑦耗油：5gallonsperhourintheair;Ontheground,35milespergallon由以上信息可以看出该段主要描述了飞车theTransition的一些基本数据。第二步：析选项，斟酌判断A飞车theTransition的基本数据。A项是对本段内容的精炼概括和总结。涵盖性强，覆盖全段B飞车的一些优点。该选项错误在于以下两点：①该段介绍了名字为theTransition的飞车；而不是全部飞车(flyingcars)。②该段列举的是基本数据而不是优点。无中生有，生搬硬套C飞车的潜在市场。原文没有提及。无中生有，生搬硬套D飞车theTransition的设计商。该选项仅仅是文章中的一个方面。以偏概全，主次不分[答案]APart3：真题演练2020年全国卷1-DTheconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexamplediscoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants........Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.AnewstudyofdifferentplantsB.Abigfallincrimerates.C.EmployeesfromvariousworkplacesD.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

23835.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.CouldglowingplantsreplacelampsD.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?2020年(全国卷11-B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AmathematicalmethodB.Ascientificstudy.C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.2020年(全国卷Ⅱ-D)Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I'vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan'taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHeavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary

2392020年(全国卷Ⅲ11-B)Thecreativeteambehind\"Apes\"usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout:A.Thecostofmaking\"Apes\"B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout\"Apes.\"D.Theperformanceofrealapes.2020年(全国卷ⅢI-C)Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.2020年(全国卷ⅢI-D)OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats:inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.\"Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,\"saidRodneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders'SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld'sBestDivers2020年(新高考全国卷1-B)JenniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJennifer'sstory?A.Timeismoney.B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff.D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.

2402020年(新高考全国卷1-C)Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea.LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestrovedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustamhistranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders.whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorcanizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.TointroduceabookB.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.2020年(新高考全国卷1-D)AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.12.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.2020年(天津卷-A)HowtoUseaModernPublicLibraryHasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?Ifso,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.It'sbeenyearssincetheyweredustylittlerooms

241withbooks.Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledge,meetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.40.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.TopointouttheimportanceofpubliclibrariesB.Toencouragepeopletoworkinpubliclibraries.C.Tointroducetheimprovedservicesofpubliclibraries.D.Tocallforthemodernizationofpubliclibrarysystems.2020年(天津卷-B)\"Theytellmethatyou'dliketomakeastatue(塑像)ofme-isthatcorrect,MissVinnieReam?\"Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswasnocasualmatter,especiallyforaseventeen-year-oldgirl.\"Yes,sir\"”shereplied,herdarkevesmeetinghis.\"Iwouldn'thavedaredtoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.”PresidentLincolnsmiled.\"Painters,sculptorsthey'vealltriedtomakethebestofthisordinaryface,butI'mafraidthere'snotmuchhope.Whatdidyouhaveinmind,MissReam?Abust(半身像)?\"BeforeVinniecouldsayyes,thePresidenthurriedon,ashadeofapologyinhisvoice,\"Ofcourse-Ishouldn'thaveasked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize.\"Vinnie'sfaceturnedred.Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.\"Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir,\"Shedefendedherself,\"wasborninthecountryofWisconsin.I'vedriventeamsofhousesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-lengthclay(粘土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrengthandthatiswhatIintendtodo!\"ThePresident'seyes,brightenedathershowofspirit.\"Sorry,madam.IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn'tknowyourbackgroundButhissmilefadedasherubbedhisbeardwithbonyfingers,inthought.\"MissReam,\"hesighed.\"I'dliketoletyoudoit.butasyouknow.weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself\"Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice.\"Iworkquickly,\"shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentasshepointedtothecornernearthewindows.\"IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.\"

242ThePresidentseemedtoconsiderherideaseriously.HegotupandshookVinnie'shandwarmly,\"I'veheardthatyouareatalentedyoungwoman,andIhavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.Icannotmakemydecisionimmediately,butyouwillhearfrommesoon.\"Theverynextday,VinniereceivedaninvitationfromthePresident.45.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Astrong-willedsoulcanreachhisgoal.B.Experiencehelpstopromoteexcellence.C.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D.Devotionrequiresenthusiasm.2020年(天津卷-C)Forpeoplewhoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoiseinthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingthief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andtheofficercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice(LRAD,远程定向声波发射器).Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson.butitisnotdeadly.Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let'ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine.aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineonpointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights(聚光灯)areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,a\"spotsound\"createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.50.Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A.Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.

243B.Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.C.ThegrowinginterestinthestudyofsoundD.Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.2020年(天津卷-D)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.55.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB.ReflectionsonHumanNatureC.TheKeystoAchievementD.NeverTooLatetoLearn2020年(江苏卷-C)Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.64.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.2020年(江苏卷-D)Wearerepeatedlywillingtoimaginewehavefoundmostofwhatislefttodiscover.Weusedtothinkthatinsectswerethesmallestorganisms(生物),andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.Yet.whensomethingnewturnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedonotevenknowitsname.70.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.ThePossibleandtheImpossibleB.TheKnownandtheUnknownC.TheCivilizedandtheUncivilizedD.TheIgnorantandtheIntelligent2020年(浙江卷1月-C)Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力)characteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.

24430.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathersB.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFutureC.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFatherD.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance2020年(浙江卷7月-B)Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.27.WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue'ssuccess?A.Itisrewardingtotrynewthings.B.Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C.ItpaystoputtheoryintopracticeD.Thesimplestwayisthebestway.2020年(浙江卷7月-C)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge

245阅读理解专项训练三：推理判断题题Part1：推理判断题命题方向推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类型题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。推理判断能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。每年每套题通常会有4～6题。推断隐含意义思维导图

246Part2：推断题题型特点(一)推理判断题题干常用词一般来说，推理判断题题干中主要包括下面的词语：knowabout,learnfrom,infer,imply,suggest,conclude,purpose,attitude,probably,mostlikely等。(二)推理判断题正确选项特征推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具有以下特征：1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如only,never,all,absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。(三)推理判断题干扰选项特征1．曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。2．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。3．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。4．无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。5．鱼目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。6．扩缩范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。

247Part4：推断题解题技巧（思维导图+真题演练）例子1Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightof

248somethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironmentandourwalletsastheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.…32．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A．Theyareenvironment-friendly.B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.C．Theycostmoretouseathome.D．Theygooutofstylequickly.[解题示范]题干信息Whatdoestheauthorthinkof：作者态度newdevices：新设备文体特点科技说明文：一项研究新旧设备耗能的报告。原文查找That'sbadnewsfortheenvironmentandourwalletsastheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.信息整合①做同样的事情旧设备耗能高(consumemuchmoreenergy)②旧设备不利于环境保护(badnewsfortheenvironment)③旧设备更浪费钱财(ourwallets)信息推断上面旧设备的缺点是在和新设备相比较(thanthenewerones)得出的结论，故新设备可以克服以上缺点。选项分析A．新设备是环保的(Theyareenvironment-friendly)；属于正确信息推断。B．新设备并不比旧设备好(Theyarenobetterthantheold)；属于“无中生有”型错误。C．新设备在家中使用的费用更高(Theycostmoretouseathome)；属于“无中生有”型错误。D．新设备很快就过时了(Theygooutofstylequickly)；属于“曲解文意”型错误。得出结论由以上信息分析可知，A项正确。例子2We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.…32．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Addictiontosmartphones.

249B．Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C．Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D．Impatiencewithslowservice.[解题示范]细研题干定题型由题干可知本题是对文章局部(第一段)进行深层理解的考查。细读语段明大意地点公共场合：①电梯中；②在银行排队中；③飞机上人物①专注地盯着自己的手机；②苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中甄别选项定答案细研干扰项A项为原文中的事实，不是推断出的内容。B项，文中提及的这些行为是否“合适”原文中没有提及，属于“无中生有”型错误。D项在原文中没有提及，属于“无中生有”型错误。断定答案该段提到在公共场合中，周围都是人的情况下，人们只是专注地盯着自己的手机，或者苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中，从中可以推断出文章首段描述了陌生人之间缺少交流的现象。故选择C项。例子3[1]ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.[2]Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.[3]Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.[4]Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafun

250activityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.27．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook.B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper.D．Atravelbrochure.[解题示范]细研题干定题型文章出处题。文章内容本文介绍了丰收的七月给我们带来的多种浆果和核果，并告诉我们这些果实富含的营养成分和可以制作成各种美食。文章语气第一段介绍了七月是水果丰富的季节；第二段介绍了各种莓类所含的营养成分；第三、四段介绍各种水果搭配的食用方法。在这一过程中作者使用了客观的语气，通俗易懂的方法，形象地说明了水果搭配的技巧。确定答案本文是向大众介绍饮食方法，跟健康有关，应该出自健康杂志。所以B项正确。【分类真题】（2019年全国卷二.B）\"Youcanusemeasalastresor（t选择）,andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.\"ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,\"Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.\"I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity（社区）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I’mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI’dfreelyliketo