第 51 卷 第 16 期 电力系统保护与控制 Vol.51 No.16
2023 年 8 月 16 日 Power System Protection and Control Aug. 16, 2023
DOI: 10.19783/j.cnki.pspc.230103
弱电网下基于谐波状态空间模型的光储-虚拟同步发电机
稳定性分析与优化控制研究
杨 效 1
,曾成碧 1
,赖 辉 1
,吴雪峰 1
,苗 虹 1
,刘文飞 2
,杨 勇 2
(1.四川大学电气工程学院,四川 成都 610065;2.国网甘肃省电力公司电力科学研究院,甘肃 兰州 730050)
摘要:虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator, VSG)技术因提供阻尼和惯量而被广泛用于新能源并网逆变
器。光储并入弱电网易发生频率耦合等问题,因而 VSG 并网稳定性分析变得更加复杂。针对光储并入弱电网系统,
考虑频率耦合,在 dq 域中建立基于谐波状态空间(harmonic state space, HSS)理论的多时间尺度虚拟同步发电机模
型。采用归一化参数灵敏度分析法,揭示功率环、电压环和低通滤波中虚拟惯量 J、虚拟阻尼 Dp、下垂系数 Ku、
比例系数 kpu 和截止频率c 等关键控制参数根轨迹的特性和电网强度对系统稳定性的影响。并通过调整优化控制
参数,提高系统稳定性。最后在 Matlab/Simulink 仿真平台验证谐波状态空间模型精确度和关键参数根轨迹特性。
关键词:虚拟同步发电机;弱电网;谐波状态空间;稳定性分析
A stability analysis method and optimal control of a photovoltaic energy storage-virtual synchronous
generator based on a harmonic state space model in a weak grid
YANG Xiao1
, ZENG Chengbi1
, LAI Hui1
, WU Xuefeng1
, MIAO Hong1
, LIU Wenfei2
, YANG Yong2
(1. College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; 2. Electric Power Research
Institute of State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Lanzhou 730050, China)
Abstract: Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology is widely used in the control of new energy grid-connected
inverters because it provides damping and inertia. It is easy to cause frequency coupling when photovoltaic energy storage
systems are connected to a weak grid, so analyzing the grid-connected stability of a VSG becomes more complicated. For
photovoltaic energy storage systems connected to a weak grid, a multi-time scale VSG model based on harmonic state
space (HSS) theory is established in the dq domain considering frequency coupling. The normalized parameter sensitivity
analysis method is used to reveal the characteristics of root locus of key control parameters such as virtual inertia J, virtual
damping Dp, droop coefficient Ku, proportional coefficient kpu and cut-off frequency c in power loop, voltage loop and
low-pass filter, and the influence of power grid strength on system stability. The control parameters are adjusted and
optimized to enhance system stability. Finally, the accuracy of the harmonic state space model and the root trajectory
characteristics of the key parameters are verified on the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform.
This work is supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province (No. 2023YFG0198).
Key words: virtual synchronous generator; weak power grid; harmonic state space; stability analysis
0 引言
虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,
VSG)控制模拟同步机动态特性解决新能源并网导
致惯量和阻尼不足而引发的稳定性问题。光储新能
基金项目:四川省重点研发项目资助(2023YFG0198);国家
电网有限公司科技项目资助(52272222001J)
源常分布于偏远地区,电网呈现高感抗弱电网特性,
弱电网下并网换流器易发生谐振等稳定性问题[1-4],
给光储-VSG 的稳定带来新的挑战。
建立系统的精准数学模型是分析弱电网下光
储-VSG 稳定的前提。目前 VSG 并网系统的建模方
法主要有阻抗模型法、状态空间法[5-8]。阻抗模型法
的物理意义明确、分析便捷,但阻抗模型难以获取
控制参数对振荡模态的灵敏度信息,存在局限性[9]。