诺和诺德医学资讯 / 学术前沿 / 2022年度荟萃
Reference NAFLD diagnosis Pa�ents, n Type of study Impact of NAFLD on CVD outcomes or ASCVD compared with control
subjects a�er adjustment for risk factor covariates
Jepsen et al,34
2003 Ultrasound 1804 Retrospec�ve OR, 2.1 for CVD mortality
Targher et al,35
2007 Ultrasound 2839 Cross-sec�onal OR, 1.49 for CAD, PAD, and cerebrovascular disease in T2D
Hamaguchi et al,36
2007 Ultrasound 1637 Prospec�ve HR, 4.1 for nonfatal CVD events
Santos et al,37
2007 Ultrasound 505 Cross-sec�onal OR, 1.73 for coronary calcifica�on
Haring et al,38
2009 Ultrasound 4160 Prospec�ve HR, 6.22 for all-cause and CVD mortality
Assy et al,39
2010 CT 61 Cross-sec�onal OR, 2.03 for coronary calcifica�on
Chen et al,40
2010 Ultrasound/CT 295 Cross-sec�onal OR, 2.46 for CAC >100
Wong et al,41
2011 Ultrasound 612 Prospec�ve OR, 2.31 for significant CAD(>50% obstruc�on)
Targher et al,42
2012 Ultrasound 343 Cross-sec�onal OR, 7.6 for CAD, PAD, and cerebrovascular disease in T1D
Kim et al,43
2012 Ultrasound 4023 Cross-sec�onal OR, 1.32 for CAC >10
Zhou et al,44
2012 Ultrasound 3543 Prospec�ve OR, 3.0 for CVD mortality
Stepanova,45
2012 Ultrasound 20 050 Prospec�ve OR, 1.23 for CVD events
Ekstedt et al,46
2015 Liver biopsy 229 Retrospec�ve HR, 1.55 for CVD mortality
Mellinger et al,47
2015 CT 3014 Cross-sec�onal OR, 1.20 for CAC score >90th percen�le for age
Mantovani et al,48
2016 Ultrasound 286 Retrospec�ve OR, 6.73 for incident cardiovascular events in type 1 diabetes
Pais et al,49
2016 Fa�y Liver Index 5671 Retrospec�ve NAFLD severity correlates with CIMT and caro�d plaque severity
Yoshitaka et al,50
2017 Ultrasound 1647 Prospec�ve HR, 10.4 in non-overweight, 3.1 in OW for incident CV events
Mahfood Hadad et al,51
2017 Ultrasound 25 837 (11 studies) Meta-analysis RR, 1.77 for incident CVD, 1.43 for cardiovascular mortality
Zhou et al,52
2018 Ultrasound/CT 8346 (6 studies) Meta-analysis OR, 2.20 for incident CVD in pa�ents with diabetes
Kapuria et al,53
2018 Ultrasound/CT 42 410 (12 studies) Meta-analysis OR, 1.64 for higher CAC scores
Sinn et al,54
2019 Ultrasound 111 492 Retrospec�ve HR, 1.54 for myocardial infarc�on
Pais et al,55
2019 Fa�y Liver Index 2554 Retrospec�ve NAFLD correlated with CIMT, CAC, and caro�d plaque
表1 NAFLD与ASCVD风险之间的关联研究结果汇总
ASCVD:动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病;CAC:冠状动脉钙化;CIMT、颈动脉内膜中层厚度;CT、计算机断层扫描;CVD:心血管疾病;HR:风险比; OR:比
值比;PAD:外周动脉疾病;RR:相对风险
NAFLD和冠状动脉介入治疗及冠状动脉搭桥术
NAFLD患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗或冠状动脉搭桥手术的可能性增加。与非NAFLD患者相比,接受冠
状动脉搭桥手术的NAFLD患者的全身炎症标志物增加,并且在NAFLD的情况下,冠状动脉搭桥手术后的致
命和非致命结局也可能会增加10-11。
低β-脂蛋白血症和NAFLD
低β-脂蛋白血症是一种罕见的情况,与低血浆LDL-C<50mg/dL水平相关,通常是编码apoB基因变异的结
果12。虽然这类病因所致的NAFLD在机制上不同于由胰岛素抵抗和代谢综合征特征导致的更典型的NAFLD,
但目前尚不清楚与低β-脂蛋白血症相关的NAFLD是否有更良性的病程。
他汀类药物在NAFLD中的安全性
他汀类药物在ASCVD的一级和二级预防中具有重要作用。尽管他汀类药物治疗与肝转氨酶升高的风险轻度增
加相关,但有充分的证据表明他汀类药物可以安全使用,并且对肝功能正常的NAFLD患者没有禁忌症13-14。
来自他汀类药物试验的事后分析的结果表明,与肝功能正常的个体相比,轻度至中度转氨酶水平升高(可能由
NAFLD引起)的患者的心血管预后可能改善更多,这与大多数个体转氨酶水平的改善有关15-16。
464