铸造资讯/应用技术/会议信息 2024 年8月刊·70·
高频机械脉冲式振动铸造对铸件材质致密性的影响原理浅析王俊(高级工程师)
（武汉威斯克工程机械设备有限公司总经理兼总工程师，湖北武汉430050)
摘要：脉冲式高频振动铸造首创性解决了金属材料在高温离散状态下从独立的原子或分子形态向多元合金晶体结构加速转化，且在高频脉冲式激振下快速达到过冷度平衡孕晶形成的优化过程。这一热态液体金属材料从原来的被动热扩散向主动进行热扩散，提前强化了热平衡交换运动的进行而促进从单一原子或分子向多元合金晶包形成的优化成因；也是曾被忽略或者说不为多数人所知的且能够人为干预的从原来适温条件下的自然冷凝转换为高频脉冲激振状态下的：提前孕核的早结、多结、细结和平衡结晶，且无气、无渣、无收缩的理想材质凝固过程都是得益于高频振动浇铸台的恰当应用。这一全新技术工艺的成功实践，为解决加速热扩散、加速结晶、校正晶格错位、消除气隙为晶粒细化致密提供了有效的外力支援。打破了基本粒子向被吸符方向快速准确汇聚结晶的阻碍。如此也就大大减少了产生晶格缺陷的发生。道理其实很简单：振动力高频脉动冲击波就会加快弱能原子从原低温区向高温区的快速移动汇聚，这种热冷原子的汇聚交换位移就是一种热冷能量交换运动与平衡的反复；在这个过程中带来的轻质比重的热、气、渣的强制快速折出也就是加速了过冷度的提前实现的过程。
当然，在常态下高温液态金属向冷凝的转变过程中的冷热交换也是始终都是存在的，只是在常态自然状态下的冷热交换过程中是相对缓慢的进行着，专业上称为适温下的“热交换平衡运动”。脉冲式高频振动台的作用会或者说一定要达到加速这个热交换平衡运动的进行才有意义；其实，这就好比要把一个冷态的金属固体加热成液态是一个道理，区别只是在于一个是通过不但的加热来改变金属的“热交换平衡运动”直至熔化；一个是借以高频振动加速散热到冷凝来改变它自然的“热交换平衡运动”以达到快速结晶、细化晶粒的直至快速平衡凝固的作用；从而达到高致密性材质结构才是高频脉冲式振动铸造这一新技术的本质。关键词：高频脉冲式振动铸造、热交换平衡运动、细化晶粒Analysis of the influence principle of high-frequency mechanical pulsevibrationcasting on the compactness of casting materials
Wang Jun (Senior Engineer)
(General Manager and Chief Engineer of Wuhan Wesker Engineering Machinery EquipmentCo., Ltd., Wuhan 430050, Hubei)
molecular or atomic morphology to multi-element alloy crystal structure under high temperaturediscrete state, and the formation of undercooling balance crystal under high-frequency pulse excitation. The optimization result of this hot metal material from passive thermal diffusion to active advancedthermal equilibrium exchange movement, which promotes the formation of the crystal claddingfromasingle atom or molecule to a multi-component alloy; It is also an ideal material solidification processthathas been ignored or unknown to most people and can be interfered by people: early formation, multipleformation, fine formation and balanced crystallization without gas, slag and shrinkage. The applicationof
high-frequency vibration casting table provides effective external force support for acceleratingheatdiffusion, accelerating crystallization, correcting lattice, eliminating air gap and grain refinement. It breaksthe barrier of fast movement of grains to the correct crystallization direction, and greatly reducesandcorrects the lattice dislocation damping. The truth is very simple: the high-frequency pulsation impact of thevibrating force will accelerate the accelerated displacement of the atom. This displacement is a kindof
repetition of heat exchange movement and balance. The folding of heat, gas and impurities of light weight inthis process is also a process to accelerate the realization of supercooling. Of course, the cold and heat exchange always exists during the transition fromliquidmetal tocondensation, but it is relatively slow in the cold and heat exchange process under natural normal
temperature, which is professionally called \"heat exchange equilibrium movement\" under appropriatetemperature. Pulse type high-frequency vibration table can or must accelerate the heat exchange balancemovement to make sense; In fact, this is just like heating a cold metal solid into a liquid. The differenceisthat one is to change the \"heat exchange equilibrium movement\" of the metal until it melts throughheating;
One is to use high-frequency vibration to accelerate heat dissipation to condensation to change its natural \"heat exchange balance movement\" to achieve rapid crystallization, grain refinement and evenrapid
