54 衡水学院学报投稿平台:http://hssz.cbpt.cnki.net/ 第 23 卷 developed the above two methods, incorporating them into his own theory of the five elements, and then matching them with human activities to create his own theory of heaven and man. Guanzi holds that the emperor’s governance must be coordinated with the attributes of the five elements, and must not go against the four seasons, otherwise, disasters will occur. To avoid going against the four seasons, the emperor should “govern according to the actual situation” and “can not make mistakes in punishment and morality”. Dong Zhongshu elaborated on the various situations of the emperor’s going with or going against the attributes of the five elements in governance, and developed the resolving countermeasures of going against the four seasons into “the resolving measures of governing according to the changes of the five elements”, holding that the reason why the five elements changes was that the emperor did not govern according to the principle of the mutual generation of the five elements and resulted in disasters, which needed to be resolved with morality. Both of them connect the emperor’s punishment and morality with the four seasons, but the difference is that Dong advocated that the rule of morality should be the main rule, and the rule of punishment should be the supplementary one. His theory of yin and yang together with the five elements is the absorption and development of the theory of the five elements and the four seasons initiated in Guanzi since the pre-Qin period. Based on the five elements, he designed a set of political measures that matched actual politics with seasons, and established the political philosophy of yin and yang and the five elements that served the unification of the Han Dynasty. Key words: Dong Zhongshu; Luxuriant Gems of The Spring and Autumn Annals; theory of the five elements; Guanzi; theory of the four seasons and the five elements (责任编校:卫立冬 英文校对:吴秀兰) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ (上接第 20 页) 参考文献: [1] 冯友兰.中国哲学史:上册[M].北京:中华书局,1947:55. [2] Fung Yu-lan. A History of Chinese Philosophy, vol.1, the period of the philosophers (from the beginnings to circa 100 B.C. )[M].translated by Derk Bodde. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1952:31. [3] 钱穆.钱穆先生全集[M].新校本.北京:九州出版社,2011:21-22. [4] 张立文.和合学概论:21 世纪文化战略构想[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006. [5] 张立文.和合哲学论[M].北京:人民出版社,2004. [6] 佐藤将之.参于天地之治:荀子礼治政治思想的起源与构造[M].台北:台湾大学出版中心,2016. [7] 梁启超.饮冰室合集:第十三册[M].典藏版.北京:中华书局,2015:71. [8] 孙隆基.中国文化的深层结构[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2004. Confucian Theory of Governance: Presuppositions and Ideals FANG Zhaohui (School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,China) Abstract: Confucian theory of governance is based on the basic presupposition of this worldliness of Chinese culture and its highest ideals can be summarized as the ideal of the world, the ideal of civilization and the ideal of great harmony, that on the basis of the ideals, seven principles have been developed: the principle of virtue, the principle of meritocracy, the principle of human relations, the principle of etiquette, the principle of decency, the principle of righteousness, and the principle of people-orientation, and that a series of specific measures of Confucian governance can be considered as the product of the seven principles. Confucian theory of governance has three characteristics in general: edification of people, pursuit of harmony and conformation to people’s will. Key words: Confucianism; theory of governance; presuppositions; ideals; principles (责任编校:卫立冬 英文校对:吴秀兰)