54 衡水学院学报投稿平台:https://hssz.cbpt.cnki.net/ 第 24 卷
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“Prince You Went to the State of Chen”:
Gongyang’s Commentary on The Spring and Autumn Annals and the Confucian Thought of
“Love for His Kin” and “Respect for His Elders and Superiors”
Paul Napier
(Dong Zhongshu International Institute of Confucian Studies, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China)
Abstract: Traditional Chinese thought tends not to speak out about abstract principles, but to express universal truths
by discussing specific events. Based on this reasoning, this essay, taking for example “In winter, Prince You Went to
the State of Chen” in Zhuang Gong’s 25th and 27th year from Gongyang’s Commentary on The Spring and Autumn Annals,
illustrates the conceptual structure opposite to the basic nature of Confucianism such as “love for his kin” and “respect
for his elders and superiors”. Through a detailed analysis of Prince You’s personality, political background and
historical role, it first elucidates the intimate relationship between “love for his kin”, “respect for his officials” and a
series of concepts opposite to them, namely “content” and “form”, “yin” and “yang”, “benevolence” and
“righteousness”, “inner” and “outer”, etc. Then, it examines these concepts from the classics of pre-Qin Dynasty, not
only to point out their tension and mutual exclusion, but also to explain their complementary and mutually dependent
nature. Finally, it places “love for his kin”, “respect for his elders and superiors” and their opposite concepts in a proper
philosophical context, describing them as one of the universal thinking forms of pre-Qin Confucianism, which is of
objective importance in human nature, morality, society, history and political thought.
Key words: Dong Zhongshu; The Spring and Autumn Annals; Gongyang theory; love for his kin; respect for his elders
and superiors;benevolence and righteousness; content and form
（责任编校：卫立冬 英文校对：吴秀兰）
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“The Core of Heaven’s Will” is Benevolence: A Brief Analysis of Dong Zhongshu’s
Theory of Benevolence
GAO Yipin
(School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
Abstract: The academic circle has neglected the research of Dong Zhongshu’s theory of benevolence in the field of
political governance for a long time. In fact, his theory of benevolence in the field of political governance covers the
following aspects. Firstly, he established the theory of the way of heaven for the development of the theory of
benevolence in the field of political governance, and demonstrated the legitimacy of the existence of benevolent
governance with joy and benevolence of the “birth” of all things in nature expressed by “heaven”. Secondly, the
application of his theory of benevolence is reflected in all aspects of the real political field: in terms of the
implementation of politics, he put forward the principle of morality given priority over penalty; in terms of the purpose
of kingly education, he hoped that the people would follow the principle of etiquette and righteousness; in terms of
economic development, he required the rulers not to compete for profits with ordinary people. Finally, his theory of
benevolence not only inherited and developed the theory of benevolence in the pre-Qin Dynasty, but also influenced the
establishment of the theory of benevolence in the later Baihu Tong, which inherited and developed his theory of
benevolence in both the way of heaven and the way of man.
Key words: Dong Zhongshu; Luxuriant Gems of The Spring and Autumn Annals; theory of benevolence; benevolence;
politics; benevolent governance
（责任编校：卫立冬 英文校对：吴秀兰）
