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法律义务线索对受访者态度的影响要强于共同做法线索。本文还显示了基于党派和对全球公民社会认
同的分组差异。这些结果表明，国际法的法律性质对国内守法的拉动作用至关重要。
【原文】Despite significant debate about the ability of international law to constrain state behavior, recent
research points to domestic mechanisms that deter non-compliance, most notably public disapproval of
governments that violate treaty agreements. However, existing studies have not explicitly differentiated two
distinct, theoretically important motivations that underlie this disapproval: respect for legal obligations versus
the desire to follow common global practices. We design an innovative survey experiment in Japan that
manipulates information about these two potential channels directly. We examine attitudes towards four
controversial practices that fall afoul of international law—same-surname marriage, whaling, hate speech
regulation, and capital punishment—and find that the legal obligation cue has a stronger effect on respondent
attitudes than the common practices cue. We also show subgroup differences based on partisanship and
identification with global civil society. These results demonstrate that the legal nature of international law is
crucial to domestic compliance pull.
5. 宪法遵守情况比较数据库（The comparative constitutional compliance database）
Jerg Gutmann，德国汉堡大学法律与经济系副教授
Katarzyna Metelska-Szaniawska，波兰华沙大学经济科学系副教授
Stefan Voigt，德国汉堡大学法律与经济系副教授
【摘要】本文介绍了一个衡量政府遵守/符合国家宪法（合宪性）情况的新型数据库。它将法律上的宪
法规则信息与事实上的宪法实施数据相结合。各个合宪性指标可分为四类，本文将其汇总为合宪性的
总体指标：财产权与法治、政治权利、公民权利和基本人权。该数据库涵盖了 1900 年至 2020 年期间
的 175 个国家，可供有兴趣研究（不）符合宪法的决定因素或影响的研究人员使用。本文对合宪性的
典型事实进行的调查显示，合宪性的情况长期呈上升趋势，这主要发生在 1990 年前后。美洲的合宪
性增长最快，但非洲和欧洲的宪合宪性也有所提高，尤其是在冷战结束时。民主国家，尤其是议会制
和混合制国家，比非民主国家更遵守宪法，其中军事独裁国家表现最差。宪法设计也很重要：允许因
违反宪法规定而罢免国家元首或政府首脑的宪法得到了更多的遵守。
【原文】This article introduces a novel database that measures governments’ compliance with national
constitutions. It combinesinformation on de jure constitutional rules with data on their de facto implementation.
The individual compliance indicators can be grouped into four categories that we aggregate into an overall
indicator of constitutional compliance: property rights and the rule of law, political rights, civil rights, and
basic human rights. The database covers 175 countries over the period 1900 to 2020 and can be used by
researchers interested in studying the determinants or the effects of (non)compliance with constitutions. Our
investigation of the stylized facts of constitutional compliance reveals a long-term increase in compliance,
which occurred primarily around the year 1990. The Americas experienced the steepest increase in compliance,
but also Africa and Europe improved particularly at the end of the Cold War. Democracies – particularly those
with parliamentary and mixed systems – show more constitutional compliance than nondemocracies, among
which military dictatorships perform the worst. Constitutional design also matters: Constitutions that allow for
