多联制冷机组说明书

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压缩机冷凝式机组操作说明书

OPERATION INSTRUCTION

Compressor condensing unit

山东神舟制冷设备有限公司

Shandong

shenzhou Refrigeration Equipment Co., ltd

多联制冷机组说明书

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目 录

欢迎使用本公司产品，在使用前请详细阅读本说明书及保留作参考使

用。

1. 特点……………………………………………………………………….....…1

2. 到货检查…………………………………………………………………….…2

3. 安全……………………………………………………………………….……2

4. 基础与安装………………………………………………………………….…3

5. 吊装………………………………………………………………………….…4

6. 制冷剂管路的尺寸、安装及固定……………………………………….……4

7. 制冷剂管路保温………………………………………………………………11

8. 经济器…………………………………………………………………………11

9. 气密性实验……………………………………………………………………12

10. 系统加油………………………………………………………………………12

11. 系统抽真空……………………………………………………………………13

12. 加注制冷剂……………………………………………………………………13

13. 电气要求………………………………………………………………………14

14. 多联机组的主要组成及功能…………………………………………………14

15. 多联机组的控制原理…………………………………………………………15

16. 多联螺杆机组开机调试………………………………………………………15

17. 多联活塞机组开机调试………………………………………………………18

18. 多联机运行注意事项…………………………………………………………20

19. 多联机维护……………………………………………………………………21

20. 常见压缩机故障分析速查表…………………………………………………25

21. 压缩机电气方面故障分析……………………………………………………27

22. 压缩机机械方面故障分析……………………………………………………28

23. 质保服务………………………………………………………………………29

遵守《中华人民共和国工业产品生产许可证管理条例》，请选用具有

生产许可及 QS 标识的产品。

多联制冷机组说明书

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Content

Welcome to use the company's products, before use please read

this manual and use for reference.

1. Characteristic………………………………………………………………….1

2. Arrival inspection……………………………………………………………..2

3. Security………………………………………………………………………...2

4. Foundation and Installation…………………………………………………..3

5. Lifting…………………………………………………………………………..4

6. The size, installation and fixed of refrigerant pipeline……………………...4

7. Heat insulation of refrigerant pipeline………………………………………11

8. Economizer…………………………………………………………………....11

9. Gas-tight test………………………………………………………………….12

10. Refuelling system……………………………………………………………..12

11. Vacuum-pumping system…………………………………………………….13

12. Filling refrigerant…………………………………………………………….13

13. Electrical Requirements……………………………………………………...14

14. Main composition and function of multi-connected unit…………………14

15. Control principle of multi-connected unit…………………………………..15

16. Starting up and debugging of multi-connected screw unit………………...15

17. 1Starting up and debugging of multi-connected piston unit………………18

18. Note for multi-connected unit operation……………………………………20

19. Maintainess for multi-connected unit……………………………………….21

20. Look- up table for common compressor fault analysis…………………….25

21. , Electrical fault analysis……………………………………………………..27

22. Machine fault analysis………………………………………………………..28

23. Quality service………………………………………………………………..29

Obey < Regulations for the administration of production license for industrial

products in People's Republic of China> , pls choose product with production

license and QS mark.

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1、 特点 CHARACTERISTIC

多联机组是由2到6个压缩机并联使用的制冷系统。压缩机连同储液器、回油控制系统

和内部连接管路一起安装到一个型钢基架上，品质优良，可直接与冷风机、排管或其 它

类型蒸发器匹配组成完整的制冷系统。

Multi-connected unit is a refrigeration system composed of 2-6 compressors in parallel. Compressors with liquid reservoir, return-oil controller system and inside connecting pipe together

are installed on a type-steel base frame, good quality, and directly constituted a complete

refrigeration system with cooling fun, rack pipe and other type evaporator. 多联机组采用全新的设计理念，充分满足用户对产品自动化程度及可靠性、安全

性、灵活性上的最高要求。可广泛应用于气调库、大中型冷库、超市展示柜、食品加工、

化工冷却等行业。

Multi-connected unit adopts brand new design concept, fully satisfied users’ requirments

about products automatic, reliability, safety and flexibility. It can be widely used in air-adjusting

room, large and medium cold room, supermaket display case, food processing, chemical cooling

industry and so on. 多联机组系列产品成功之道在于其经久耐用及可靠的性能, 该系列产品各方面的设计

都通过多种革新的解决方案和优良特性，减少了安装时间，降低了维护成本。

Multi-connected unit successed in its reliability performance, each part designation of this

product passes through innovation solution and good performance, decreses installation time and

service cost. ★ 品质优良 Excellent quality

该系列产品运用世界领先技术，以比泽尔活塞式压缩机和螺杆式压缩机以及其他世界

著名品牌为主机,选用世界著名品牌厂家配件，并进行严格测试以确保其合理匹配。

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This series product uses world-leading technology, using Bitzer piston and screw

compressor and other world famous brand as main machine, choosing the world famous brand

parts, and checking seriously to make sure reasonable matching. ★ 安装简便 Installation convenient

机组设计最大限度考虑用户的安装，设备运至现场只需进行少量的连接工作，机器即

可投入运行。

The unit designation considers more about the user’s installation, only need several

connecting work on site, it can operate. ★ 安全可靠 Safety reliability

制冷系统具有高压、低压、油压差、过载、过热等完备的安全保护系统。由于装有多

台压缩机，即使个别机器出了故障，也可用另外几台继续工作，使您高枕无忧。

Refrigeration system has high-pressure, low-pressure, oil pressure differential, over-load

and over-heat safety protection system. Because it has many compressors, even if individual

machine has problems, others can work on. ★ 自动化程度高 High automatic

机组采用的并联机组专用控制器，运转可靠，无需专职值班操作人员，节约运行成

本。若增加群控系统可实现远距离控制，在办公室或控制室内可以控制操作所有设备的运

转。

The unit adopts special controller of parallel units, operates reliably, doesn’t need full-time

operation staff and save the operation cost. If add group controlling system, it can realize remote

control, in office or controlling room, you can control all equipments operation. ★ 环境适应性强 Strong enviromental adaptability

机组结构设计合理，占地面积小，安装时不需专用机房，分为户内和户外两种设

计。机组优良的性能，保证在高温或低温恶劣工况下，均能正常运行。

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The unit structure designation is reasonable, covers small area; it doesn’t need special machine

room when installed, divides into inside and outside designation. The good performance makes

sure its normal operation under high-temperature or low-temperature conditions.

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2、 到货检查 ARRIVAL INSPECTION

多联机组经过运输到货后，收货时必须进行到货检查，以确认运输过程中设备是否发生

损伤，或者是否存在配套部件短缺 。

Multi-connecting unit is arrivaling on destination by shipment; it should be inspected after

receiving to make sure equipments have no damage or shortage of parts. 在签收货物之前应该仔细阅读提货单上的所有项目。请指出所有短缺或设备的损伤部

位，且在承运人的运输备案表上详细说明产品型号和损伤部位。

Before signing for them should read all items of bill of lading carefully. Please indicate all

shortage or damaged parts, and write it down on transportation table. 出厂前会进行保护充注，即往系统中充入0.7bar干燥氮气。设备到货后请确认机组的系

统是否处于正压。

Service charge before out of factory, fill 0.7bar dried Nitrogen in the system. Please make

sure the system is at positive pressure or not after arrival. 3、 安全 SAFETY

多联机组应该安装在满足中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 21363-2008的机器设备系统

中，只有按照机组说明书安装指南安装，并完全符合相关的法规，才能被投入使用。

Multi-connecting unit should satisfy GB/T 21363-2008, should be used according to

installation instruction and reference laws. ★ 授权人员 Authorized personnel

多联机组和制冷系统的所有工作应由合格的或经授权的制冷专业人员进行。机组是采用

现代化设备和根据有效法规生产制造的，使用人员的安全得到了保障。如操作不当可能会发生

危险，机组的所有操作人员必须仔细阅读此操作说明书。并应在机组的运行寿命期间保留此操

作说明书。

Multi connecting unit and refrigeration system should be done by special workers. It adopts

automatic equipment and manufactures according to effective regulating, ★ 附加运行指导 Additional operation instruction

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除该运行指导外，还应遵循压缩机和压力容器的运行指导。同时还应遵循其他配件的运

行指导书。

Except the operation instruction, should follow compressors and pressure vessel operation

instruction. Also follow the other parts operation instruction. ★ 安全提示 Safety signs

 保压出厂，压力高于大气压0.7bar。有可能损伤皮肤和眼睛。对机组操作时要佩戴防护

镜。在释放压力以前不要打开接口。

Keep pressure out of factory, pressure is higher than 0.7bar, maybe hurt skin and eyes. During the unit

operation, wearing protective glasses is necessary. Don't open before release the pressure in the

interface.  在运行时机器表面的温度可超过60℃和低于0℃，有可能对人员造成严重烫伤或冻伤，应

设有防止人员接触的防护措施。在对压缩机和其他承压部件操作前，关闭机组，并等待其

冷却。

机组充注制冷剂或调试后对其进行操作或维修，由于压缩机内部有压力，万一操作不当可

能

发生严重伤害。故应先释放压缩机内的压力，再进行操作。

At runtime surface temperature of the machine can be more than 60 degrees below 0 °c, and may

have to cause serious scalding or chilling, should have protective measures to prevent personnel

contacting. Before operation of other parts of the compressor and pressure, stop the unit and wait for

the cooling. Unit filling refrigerant or after debugging operation or maintenance, due to the

compressor internal pressure, in case of improper operation, it will cause serious injure. So should

release the pressure inside the compressor, operating again.  对冷凝风扇等旋转部件，不合理操作会导致严重伤害。在打开保护罩前，需关闭机组，并

切断电源。

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For condensation fan and so on rotating parts, unreasonable operating will cause serious damage. Before opening the protection unit, need close the unit and cut off power supply. 4、 基础与安装 Foundation and installation

机组应该安装在坚实的水平地面上，机器周围需保留足够的用于维护维修的空间。通常

建议对一台单独机组背面最小保留500mm的间隙，前面保留1000mm的通道。 当多台机组系列

产品并排安装时，建议相临两台产品之间的间隙不要小于900mm。

Unit should be installed in a horizontal ground, around the machine need enough maintenance

of space. Usually 500mm clearance behind the single unit and 1000mm passage in front of the unit are

suggested. When multiple series products are installed in parallel, the gap between the two products

shouldn’t be less than 900mm.

900mm

1000mm 500mm

 机组必须由专业制冷公司和专业人员进行安装

Units must be installed by refrigeration equipment professional company and professional personnel.

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 机组应固定在清洁、干燥的地方，附近请勿放置易燃、易爆及有腐蚀性的物品

Units should be fixed in a clean, dry place, nearby don’t place inflammable, explosive, corrosive

goods.  若机组为水冷式，放置机组地面最好有地漏或其它排水设施，以便机组冷凝器或管路漏水

或冬季放时使用。

If a unit is water-cooled, placing units should be better has ground floor drain or other drainage

facilities to use when screw chiller or pipeline leak or winter put.  机组结构里都有一个坚固的型钢基架，用以承受系统的机械振动安装，安装必须水平，平

台斜度应小于3º，用于安装机组的支撑物或基础必须牢固，保证足够承受机组的重量不致

坠落，并有较好的防腐能力，如果机组没有被很好地固定到坚实的水平面上或者没有与主

体建筑充分地隔离，压缩机间的内部连接和系统中部件间的自振的现象可能会造成过大的

振动和噪音。

There is a strong type steel frame in unit structure to withstand the mechanical vibration system

installation, installation must level, platform should be less than 3 º Angle, used to install the unit

support or foundation must be firmly, under the weight of the unit that enough not to fall, and has

good corrosion resistance, If the unit is not well fixed to the solid surface or not fully isolated from the

main building, the vibration phenomenon between internal connection of compressor and system

components may cause excessive vibration and noise.  基础最好高出地面200mm，以防止地面的灰尘和水溅到机组上；如果是水冷多联机组，则

便于连接进出水管

The foundation should be better 200mm higher than ground to prevent water and dust splashed on the

unit; if it is water-cooled multi-connecting unit, convenient for connection of in and out pipes.  如果将多联机组安装在机房里或者是其它封闭的空间内，机器周围空气的流通必须良好，

以防止室内过热。机房温度应在0－40℃之间。

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If the multi-connecting unit is installed in room or other close space, the air flow around the machine

must be good to prevent indoor overheat. Room temperature should be between 0-40 ° c.  机组安装位置应尽量避免对周围居民和路人的干扰和影响

Installation position should avoid the interference to the residents and passers-by. 5、 吊装 Hoisting

多联机组产品可以使用叉车从底部将其抬起或者用吊带通过基架底部的四个角将其吊

起。 如果采用吊带，请务必保证不要让吊带碰到任何电气部件或管路，以免产品发生损伤。

机组搬运要尽量保持垂直、平稳，且机组搬运时的倾斜角不得超过30º，决不允许侧放倒搬

运，严禁在起吊或准备起吊的过程中使用管路、压缩机或电气系统。

Multi-connecting products can be up from the bottom by forklift or lift by lifting rope through

the four horns at the bottom. If adopts lifting rope, please ensure that don't make lifting rope run into

any electrical components or pipeline, lest product injuries. Transporting unit try to stay vertical, smooth, and units shall not exceed the handling of 30 °, never allow side down, prohibit using pipe, compressor or electrical system when lift or in the process of lifting. 6、制冷剂系统管路的尺寸、管路连接及固定

Size of refrigerant system pipeline, pipeline connecting and fixing

 选配制冷剂管路时既要考虑设计又要考虑成本问题，因此肯定有折衷选择方案。

Matching refrigerants pipeline should consider designing and cost, so there must be compromise

options.  由于吸气管和排气管内压降升高会直接造成系统制冷量损失，因此降低压降是极为重要

的。压力损失的增加必然会提高压缩机内的热量，导致C.O.P值降低。

Because of the suction and exhaust pipes of pressure drop will directly cause system increased

capacity loss, thereby reducing the pressure drop is extremely important. The pressure loss increasing

will increase the quantity of heat inside, decreasing C.O.P value.

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 供液管内的压力损失会造成过冷度降低，引起闪发，给系统的平稳运行带来潜在的不稳定

因素及负面影响。 基于这个原因，设计管道尺寸时应考虑尽可能限制摩擦损失。

Loss of pressure in supply fluid pipeline will cause the tube saturated and flash, give system

running smoothly with potential factors of instability and negative effects. For this reason, the design

size of pipeline should be considered as far as possible limiting friction loss.  相反，管子尺寸又要足够小，以保证制冷剂蒸汽流量足够大以能带走油滴，特别是对于吸

气管来说。这样可以减少油聚和油堵，以保证给压缩机润滑油的供应正常。除此之外，也

为了尽可能降低制冷剂的消耗和管路系统的成本。

Instead, pipe size should be small enough to ensure refrigerants steam flow large enough to take oil

droplets, especially for the suction pipe. So can reduce oil, to ensure the supply of compressor

lubricant be normal. In addition, in order to reduce piping system cost and refrigerant loss.  选择最佳的管道尺寸，必须同时考虑蒸发温度，管道当量长度、制冷量和流速。一般应用

时，在合适流速的基础上，可以根据下表对标准管尺寸做大体上的选择。 对于更复杂的

管路系统，请查阅更详细的选型标准。

Choosing the best pipe size must also consider the evaporation temperature, pipe length, refrigerating

capacity and velocity, commonly used in proper velocity, can choose according to standard pipe size

based on the table. For more complex piping system, please refer to the more detailed selection

criteria. ★ 制冷剂管内推荐流速 Recommend velocity in refrigerants tube

 在选择制冷剂管路尺寸时，特别是选配吸气管时，不仅要考虑最大负荷下的情况也应考虑

低负荷下的情况，两者同等重要。如果一个系统长期处在低负荷情况下运行，压缩机回油

会受到潜在影响。

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In the choice of pipe size, especially when choosing the suction, not only consider the situation under

the maximum load, also should consider under low load conditions, both are equally important. If a

system for a long time at low load cases, compressor oil will be affected by potential effects.  下表中列出了制冷系统中最大和最小流速的指导值，可帮助您衡量压力损失和管道成本从

中做出最佳的选择 ，即在确保油正常输送的情况下气体流速达到最小。

Below in the table listing maximum and minimum values of the cooling system, it can help you

measure the pressure loss and piping costs and make the best choices by guiding velocity, which

ensure the normal conveying under the condition of oil and gas velocity to minimum.  多联机组制冷系统的连接管路系统进行设计时，将系统总制冷量摊分到各对吸气管和供液

管所承担的制冷负荷。

Connecting piping system of multi-connecting unit refrigeration system designation, system will be

assigned cooling capacity to each suction pipe and supply tube for liquid of refrigeration load.  多个吸气管和供液管可以在低负荷运行的情况下更好的控制最小吸气回油流速。

More suction tube and supply tube can be better control minimum inspiratory oil flow velocity in low

load operation situation. 排气管 Exhaust pipe 最大流速 Maximum velocity 17 m/sec

最小流速 (垂直)Minimum

velocity(vertical) 7.5 m/sec

最小流速 (水平)Minimum

velocity(horizontal) 2.5 m/sec

吸气管 Suction pipe

最小流速 (垂直)Minimum

velocity(vertical) 7.6m/sec

最小流速 (水平) Minimum

velocity(horizontal) 3.6m/sec

供液管 Supply pipe 最大流速 Maximum velocity 2.5 m/sec

冷凝器排液管 Fluid- discharge pipe

最大流速 Maximum velocity 0.5 m/sec *避免所选择的流速会在当量温度下造成压力损失超过 1.1K。Avoid the chosen velocity

cause pressure loss that is more than 1.1 K in equivalent temperature.

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★ 吸气管 Suction tube

 设计吸气管时，应排除制冷剂在设备运行或停机/在压缩机启动期间进入压缩机的可能

性。

 The design of suction pipe must consider avoiding the possibility of refrigerant getting into

compressor when starting up, running or stopping.  对于蒸发器，当蒸发器的位置在机组上方时，吸气管应在膨胀阀感温包一侧就近设置回油

弯，如图 1所示，以防止在停机时制冷剂在重力影响下从蒸发器流进多联机组。

 When the evaporator is on top of the unit, an oil return elbow is necessary on the side of

temperature sensor to avoid refrigerant getting into the unit. See Fig. 1.



 如果蒸发器位置在多联机组制冷机组下方，如高度差大于4米时，应每隔4米设置一个回油

弯，且总高度差不超过20米，立管的回油弯如图 2所示.。

 When the evaporator is below the unit and the height difference is more than four meters, oilreturn elbows are necessary every four meter and the total height difference cannot exceed 20

meters. See Fig.2.  为了防止液态制冷剂聚集在感温包位置，在实际操作中无法设置回油弯的情况下，可以不

设，但须把膨胀阀感温包移到垂直立管上距水平管道300mm的地方，如图 2中做了记号的

管路。

Fig. 1

蒸发器位置在压缩机之上

evaporator on top of compressor Fig. 2

蒸发器位置在压缩机之下

Evaporator below compressor

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 To avoid fluid refrigerant gathering, the temperature sensor must be moved to vertical pipe where

is 300mm away from horizontal pipe if oil-return elbow cannot be placed. See Fig. 2 the marked.  当多台蒸发器同时连接到一根共用的吸气管上时，每台蒸发器都需要用单独的立管连接到

主吸气管上如图3所示。每台蒸发器用单独的立管可以消除在低负荷情况下回油困难的潜

在问题。

 Every evaporator needs individual pipe to connect to the main suction pipe. See Fig.3.  当多台蒸发器高于机组时，为了防止停机或轻负荷时总管中的油和冷媒逆流回蒸发器，各

蒸发器回气支管和回气总管连接时一般在总管上部连接。如图4所示

 The individual pipes must be connected to the top part of the main pipe. See Fig. 4.

Fig. 3 多台蒸发器使用单

独的吸气管

Every evaporator with its own pipe Fig. 4

多台蒸发器共用吸气管

Many evaporator share one

air intake pipe

多联制冷机组说明书

16

但实际不能使用单独立管时，图 4， 5 ，6 阐述了将多台蒸发器连接到一根共用的吸气管上的多种方法。

Fig. 4, 5, 6 show the connection methods of many evaporators share one suction pipe in practice. ★ 排气管 Discharge pipe

 排气管的选型类似于吸气管。由于排气管内的任何压降都会使得压缩机的排气压力升高，

从而导致系统制冷量和能效降低。因此,排气管选型时，应该在保证能正常回油情况下使

得实际压降能达到最小。

 The selection of discharge pipe is similar with that of suction pipe. It must ensure the lowest of

pressure while guaranteeing the running of oil returning considering its influence in refrigeration

capacity and efficiency.  排气管的选型过程和吸气管是一样的；但是在没有负面影响的情况下，其最小流速会高

些。(请参见第5页管道流速表)。

 The formation of discharge pipe is the same with that of suction pipe; but its min. velocity is

higher when no negative influence exits (See velocity table above).  水平排气管应顺着制冷剂流向向下倾斜，使得冷冻油油能够排往冷凝器而不是回流到多联

机组里。 和吸气立管的情况一样，设计排气立管时，要考虑设备在最小负荷情况下运行

时，立管内气流速度不小于7.5 m/sec ，以确保能够正常回油，并且油能够在上升管内正常

移动，防止在停机时冷冻油回流到机神舟系列并联制冷机组组的油分。

Fig. 5 在不同水平面上的多台蒸

发器连接到一根共用的吸气立管上

Evaporators in different levels share one vertical suction pipe Fig.6. 在不同水平面上的多

台蒸发器连接到双升管上

Evaporators in different

levels share double pipes

多联制冷机组说明书

17

 The placement of horizontal pipe must with inclination for refrigeration oil to flow into

condenser. The placement of vertical pipe must consider the velocity which cannot lower than

7.5m/sec when running with the smallest loading, and the oil can move normally in the lift pipes

and cannot return to oil separator when the unit stops.  机组在停机时，附着在排气立管内表面的油会在重力作用下回到油分离器。如果排气立管

长度超过2.4 m ，从立管排出的油量可能会更大。

 When the unit stops working, the oil attaching on the pipe wall may return to oil separator

because of gravity. If the length of vertical discharge pipe exceeds 2.4m, there will be more oil

discharged from it.  在停机过程中，排气管内会聚集一些在排气立管内被冷凝的制冷剂液体，这可能需要着重

考虑。特别是如果排气管所在位置的环境温度比储液器温度低。油分离器出气管应加集液

弯，以防止排气管中气体氟利昂被冷凝后落入油分离器，造成油分离器的油溶解的氟利昂

液体过多，机组开机时因油里含有氟利昂造成机器损坏。当排气管道的竖向长度超过3m

时，应在靠近压缩机或油分处的管段上设集液弯，并根据排气管道的竖向长度设集液管的

个数，当垂直的上升管的长度超过7.5 m，每7.5m要增设一个集液弯，集液弯的水平宽度

应控制到最小，但须保证能弯头，集液弯的深度大概保持在450mm左右，如图 7所示。

 When the unit stops working, there maybe refrigerant liquid gathering in the discharge pipe, which should be pay attention to, especially when the temperature of surroundings of discharge

pipe is lower than that of the tank. The discharge pipe of oil separator must be with liquid

collecting pipe to avoid damage. When the vertical length of discharge pipe exceeds three meters, liquid collecting pipe must be placed in the part near to compressor or oil separator, and the

number of collecting pipe should be on the base of the length too. When the vertical lift pipe is

more than 7.5m, one collecting pipe is needed every 7.5m; the width of them should be the

smallest but can connect with 90° elbows; the depth should be around 450mm, See Fig. 7.

多联制冷机组说明书

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★ 供液管 Supply pipe

 供液管的作用就是，将制冷剂液体从储液器输送到膨胀阀。由于制冷剂呈液态，进入到供

液管的油都会随着制冷剂流到蒸发器中。因此，供液管不需要考虑回油问题。也因为这个

原因，供液管的设计没有其它制冷剂管道那么麻烦。最需要考虑的因素就是防止制冷剂在

到达膨胀阀之前发生闪发。

 The function of supply pipe is to deliver refrigerant liquid from receiving tank to expansion valve. The issue of oil returning needn’t to consider for the status of refrigerant is liquid, the only factor

needed to pay attention is to avoid instant evaporation of refrigeration before arriving expansion

valve.  供液管的流速应该控制在2.5 m/sec，以避免在高负荷的情况下离开了三通的制冷剂支流产

生涡流及发生闪发。

 The velocity of supply pipe must be within 2.5 m/sec.  供液管内发生闪发，将会减少膨胀阀的制冷剂流量，造成阀针和阀座的腐蚀，导致对蒸发

器的供液不正常。为了避免供液管内液体闪发，管内液体压力必须保持在相应于液体温度

的饱和压力之上。

 To avoid instant evaporation which would cause damage and failure, the pressure of liquid inside

pipes must be maintained above the value equivalent to the saturation pressure of liquid

temperature.

Fig.7. 排气管道

Discharge pipe

多联制冷机组说明书

19

 在液体管上接支管，应从主管的底部或侧部接出；供液管不应出现上凸的弯曲，以防供液

不均

 The sub pipe must be located in the bottom or side of main pipe; there must be no raised bending

of supply pipe to avoid unevenly supply. ★ 落液管 Liquid falling pipe

 从冷凝器到储液器的落液管进行选型时，制冷剂液体从冷凝器排出的允许最大自由流速为

0.5 m/sec，以确保过大的压降不会影响系统的正常运行。 不可将落液管和供液管混为一

谈。

 The selection of liquid falling pipe from condenser to receiving tank should consider that the max. Free velocity of refrigerant liquid discharge from condenser is 0.5 m/sec to ensure the normal

running of system in excess pressure decline. Liquid falling pipe is not supply pipe.  蒸发器和冷凝器内的制冷剂量是随着系统的负荷而变化的，这就要求容器的容量必须大于

被冷凝的制冷剂液体量。多联机组选用的储液器都是经过设计的，因此也要求与这些系统

配套的落液管选型正确合理。

 The volume of container must bigger than the capacity of condensed refrigerant because the

capacity of refrigerant varies with system load. The receiving tank of unit is designed, which

requires the liquid falling pipe is matched.  除制冷剂循环中的供给波动之外，储液器的容量必须能允许冷凝器将其内部的液体全部排

光，防止在冷凝器内形成液位而减少了冷凝器用于换热的有效表面积。对于合理的运行和

被冷凝了的液态制冷剂流量来说，将冷凝器出口安置在储液器入口之上是至关重要的。

 Besides considering the fluctuation of refrigerant in circulation, the capacity of receiving tank

must large enough to allow condenser discharge all liquid inside. It is very important to place the

outlet of condenser above the inlet of receiving tank. ★ 阀门安装 Valves

 氟系统所用各种阀门均需使用氟专用产品，所有阀门应弄清流向，按标示流向安装，特别

部位按氟工艺安装。

多联制冷机组说明书

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 All valves must be properly applied to Freon system; make clear the flow direction of every

valve and install according to flow direction and practice of Freon system.  电磁阀应水平或竖直安装，在安装前应通电检验是否灵敏可靠，供电压应与铭牌相符，供

液电磁阀前应加过滤器，阀后应尽量靠近热力膨胀阀。

 Solenoid valves should be installed in horizontal or vertical after checking their sensibility and

power voltage. Before the valve there should be filter and the end of them should be near to

expansion valve.  热力膨胀阀应符合设计的型号与规格，焊接法兰时必须将法兰与阀体分解，以免影响膨胀

阀的装配结构，感温包要绑在蒸发器出口水平回汽管侧，绑扎位置的角度按该阀说明书中

要求进行，外平衡热力膨胀阀的外部平衡管安装在回汽管感温包的下游。

 The thermostatic expansion valve must be accord with designed model and specification. flange

must be separated from valve body when welding; thermo-bulb must be tied to the side of

horizontal gas return pipe of evaporator ; see the angle of colligation in instruction book; the

exterior balancing pipe of thermostatic expansion valve must be installed in the downstream of

thermo-bulb of gas return pipe.  截止阀、止回阀、电磁阀等阀门（安全阀除外）安装前，如有脏污必须用汽油清洗，清洗

后任其自由干燥，有填料的阀门须检查填料是否能密封良好，如有泄漏需旋紧填料压盖，

必须时更换填料，再行试验，直至合格。

 Except safety valves, clean valves with gasoline before installation and dry them by nature; check

the tightness of filling if valve has; tighten the cover of filling if it is untight; change and check

the filling until qualified if necessary. ★ 冷风机安装 Installation of air cooler

 冷风机安装要水平，室内冲霜供水管要有百分之三的坡向冷风机，室外冲霜供水管要有千

分之三的坡向冷风机；回水为5％的坡度向下水，供回氟管按工艺，钢管、不锈钢管与铜

管焊接时一定要使用含银量70％银焊条。管道接头平直，布局均匀，支架均匀合理。

 Air cooler must be in level; the inside defrosting pipe should be 3% incline to air cooler and

outside is 3 %0; water returning pipe should be 5% inclined; the welding of Freon

supply pipe should based on technology and the welding of steel pipe,

stainless steel pipe and copper pipe must use welding rods with 70% silver;

the joints must be even and straight. ★ 管道连接 Pipe connection

多联制冷机组说明书

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 管道连接前先排空机组内的氮气

 Discharge the Nitrogen before connection.  机组配管应不影响各设备的操作维修，不阻碍门窗的开关

 The tubing of the unit should allow the maintenance and repairing of other devices and the on –

off of windows and doors.  安装前必须检查每根管质量，清除内部锈迹、杂质和氧化皮，使内部出现金属光泽面（内

除锈磨光），管道内必须十分清洁，清洁好的管子必须两端用木塞塞住或用塑料管盖好，

并用胶带封闭，不能采用酸洗（包括蒸发式冷凝器的冷却管），并不得露天放置。

 Check, clean and burnish every tube before piping, and make sure there isn’t rust, dirty, oxidation

slags; cover the tube with wooden or plastic stopper after cleaning and seal with adhesive tapes;

acid picking (including pickling of cooling tube of EV) and lying in the open air is not allowed.  钢管外除锈要彻底，刷漆均匀，电磁阀应水平或竖直安装。焊接时φ38以下的细管不打坡

口，管口的铁锈要用钢锉打磨，，φ45以上的粗管需打坡口，用氩孤焊打底，电弧焊封

面。

 The exterior derusting of steel pipes must be complete and painting must be even; solenoid

valves should be installed in horizontal or vertical; in welding, slope is not necessary for pipes

underφ38, but polish the rust in the end of pipe with steel file; pipes above φ45 need slope, rooted by argon arc and covered by arc welding.  管道的法兰、焊缝和管路附件等，不应埋于墙内或不便检修的地方；排气管穿过墙壁处，

应加保护套管，其间宜留10－20mm的间隙，间隙内不应填充材料。有绝热层的管道，在

管道与支架之间应衬垫木，其厚度不应小于绝热层的厚度。

 Accessories of pipes like flanges shouldn’t be buried in wall or places not easy for inspection and

repairing; discharge pipe should get through the wall without sleeve but with free space of 10－

20mm; pipes with insulation cover need pad for laid on supports and the thickness of pad can’t

less than that of insulation cover.

多联制冷机组说明书

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 尽量使用内部洁净的铜管，管内不得有灰尘、污物、水份、氧化皮等杂质，尽量使用制冷

空调专用的干净磷脱氧铜管，若使用无缝钢管务必要打磨干净

 Clean copper pipes are suggested and dirty, dust, moisture, oxidation slags are not allowed inside

pipes; refrigeration special used phosphorus killed copper pipe is recommended; seamless steel

pipe must be polished and cleaned.  配管尽量采用直线式，以使系统管路尽量合理、美观，且应尽量减少焊口和弯头，以减少

管路的漏点和阻力

 Straight tubing is preferred for reasonable and beautiful; decline the number of welding end and

elbows to decrease leakage and resistance.  管道焊接时尽量采用保护焊，以防止氧化膜产生。若采用无缝管时应先用亚弧焊打底

 Shielded welding is preferred to avoid oxide film; seamless steel pipe must be rooted by sub-arc

welding.  不得在焊缝及其边缘上开孔。管道开孔时，焊缝距孔边缘的距离不应小于100mm

 Opening hole is not allowed in welding joints and edges; the distance from welding joint to hole

should not less than 100mm.  为防止蒸发器（如风机）停转时液体不流入蒸发器，膨胀阀前一定要加装电磁阀或手动截

止阀

 There must be solenoid valves or manual shutoff valves before expansion valves to avoid fluid

flowing into evaporators (e.g. air cooler) when they stop.  焊接膨胀阀、电磁阀、单向阀、吸排气阀、视液镜等元器件时，应采取措施防止过热损坏

元器件。

 Proper measures must be taken out to avoid overheating damage in welding of expansion valve, solenoid valve, check valve, suction/discharge valve, sight glass and so on.  每天安装收工前将管道用木塞塞好或用塑料布包好，以免水汽及杂物进入管内，雨天施工

时，管道焊接后用干燥剂放在管道内吸水，完工前将干燥剂取出。

多联制冷机组说明书

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 After work, cover pipes with wooden stopper or plastic cloth to avoid dirties getting inside; in

rainy days, put some driers inside pipes after welding and get them out before getting off work.  为确保回油，系统中水平管道应顺制冷剂液体流动方向向下倾斜1/100-2/100，且在每一个

垂直立管的底部需要有一个U型回油弯,长度应尽可能短

 To ensure oil returning, horizontal pipes must incline 1% ~2% to the flowing direction of

refrigerant; besides, an U-shaped oil returning elbow is needed for every vertical pipe with the

length as small as possible.  冷凝器与贮液器之间的管道布置，应保证冷凝器中的液体能顺利地流入贮液器，冷凝器与

贮液器之间截止阀安装位置应距冷凝器下部200mm以上，以便使冷凝器保持足够的冷凝面

积以获得最高效率。

 The piping between condenser and receiving tank must ensure the fluid flowing into the former

from the later; shutoff valve must be installed 200mm away from the bottom of condenser to

guarantee enough condensing area for condenser.  为了防止膨胀阀供液压力不足，尽量避免过长的上升液管

 Avoid long lift pipe considering the pressure of liquid supply of expansion valve.  制冷管道应牢固支撑或固定，以防管道震动，避免管道下垂形成油陷阱

 Refrigeration pipes must be fixed or supported firmly.  建议管道成直角焊接时按制冷剂流动方向弯曲。

 Pipes are recommended to bend to the direction of flowing of refrigerant when welded.  建议供液支管电磁阀前加装干燥过滤器

 Drying filter is suggested in front of solenoid valve of fluid supply sub pipe.  建议回气管路上加装吸气过滤器

 Suction filter is advised in the gas returning line.  建议电磁阀距离膨胀阀尽量近些

 Solenoid valve should be as near as possible to expansion valve.

多联制冷机组说明书

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★ 制冷管道的支撑及装配件 Supports and accessories of pipes

 管道系统安装时必须要有安全的支撑，确保其可靠耐用。

 Supports of pipes must be safe, firm and durable.  为了保证在任何工作条件下，管道系统都能保持完好状态，它的支撑系统必须能耐受得住

高温膨胀，振动及管道的自重，包括管子、保温层和它内部冷媒的重量。

 Supports of pipes must be able to bear high temperature expansion, vibration, self- weight and

weight of pipes, insulation cover and refrigerant.  对于16mm的铜管，每2m需要设一个支撑点；对于35mm以上的钢管，每4m需要设一个支

撑。支撑件必须固定到类似墙或屋顶的建筑物上，最好是钢结构或者混凝土。

 To copper pipes of ∮16mm, supporting point is needed every 2m; to steel pipes of

∮35mm or above, supporting point is needed every 4m;supporting members must

be fixed to buildings parts such as wall or ceiling, steel structure or

concrete is preferred.  在垂直管道系统中，自重会使得连接管道的法兰和弯头承受很大的压力，偏底部的支撑件

需要承担大部分的自重。因此，确保在管道下部末段之下使用一个底部支撑装置是至关重

要的。 不可使用垂直管作为水平管的支撑，确保连接到垂直管的所有水平管都有足够强

度的支撑。

 A bottom supporting device is necessary for the ending part of pipe because there is more self

weight.  对于更长的管道，可以采用管弯或环形管来解决膨胀。

 To longer pipe line, elbows or loop pipes are used for expansion. 7、 制冷剂管道保温 Thermal insulation of pipe

制冷剂管道的保温要求是取决于很多可变的因素和现场需要考虑的特殊管道布局。 下表列出

了采用闭环保温时保温材料厚度的通用指导值，可供缺乏计算值情况下使用。

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The thermal insulation is depended on many changeable factors and on-site situations. The following

table shows some indirect values for calculation. EVAPORATING TEMP.蒸发温度 -35℃ EVAPORATING TEMP.蒸发温度-10℃

50mm 厚thick 30mm 厚thick

保温件最小厚度的建议值表。The suggested smallest thickness of insulation member. 在管道可能受到机械损伤的地方，推荐使用高强度的外壳或托架来保护管道。

High-strength shells or supports are suggested in the vulnerable places. 8、经济器 Economizer

 用于低温运行的低温和中温螺杆机多联机组和活塞双机多联机组需要提供液体中间冷却装

置—经济器。该操作装置降低了进入膨胀装置之前的液体温度，不仅可以提高制冷量同时

也提高系统效能.  Economizer---liquid cooling device of low- and –medium temperature screw units and

reciprocating unit of multi-compressors. It decreases the temperature of liquid before getting into

expansion device, which improve refrigeration capacity and system efficiency.  制冷液体流过在储液器和膨胀阀之间的热交换器时被冷却.在热交换器内蒸发部分液体制

冷剂来达到冷却效果.制冷系统回气通过该蒸发作用回到压缩机可以做到最小的能量消耗

获得最大的制冷效果.  Refrigerant fluid is cooled by heat exchanger located between receiving tank and expansion valve. Fluid partly evaporates in the heat exchanger to cool itself; gas return to compressor and reach a

satisfying refrigeration effect.  多联机组提供了中间冷却装置—经济器,在压缩机停机时主要的液路电磁阀必须是处于断

电状态.同样对热交换器提供液体制冷剂的电磁阀在停机时断开电路是很必要的.  Multi-connected unit is with a middle cooling device---economizer; the main solenoid valves in

liquid line must be out of electricity when compressor stops and so do the solenoid valves

providing fluid refrigerant to heat exchanger.  当系统使用经济器时液体管段必须带保温.

多联制冷机组说明书

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 Thermal insulation cover is necessary for pipes in system with economizer. 9、气密性试验 air-tightness test

 管道连接完毕后，将系统中连通大气的阀门关闭，其余阀门开启，应用氮气进行吹污和试

压，

 Close main gas valves after pipe connection and keep other valves open; Nitrogen is used for dirt

blowing and pressure test.  气密性试验：应包括机组、蒸发器和连接管道在内的整个系统

 Air-tightness test should be applied to the whole system including unit, evaporators and pipes.  试验气体可采用干燥氮气、氮气/制冷剂混合气体，严禁采用可燃气体。试验压力应按表1

规定。

 Gases for testing could be dry Nitrogen, mixture of Nitrogen and refrigerant but combustible

gases are forbidden to use. Pressure table is accord with table 1

 表1 Table 1

制冷剂类别

class of refrigerant

试验压力 Mpa

Test pressure Mpa

R22、R404A、R407C、R502、R507 ≥1.8

R12、R134A ≥1.2

 试验方法可采用气泡法（如肥皂水等）、保压法或卤素检漏法

 Methods could be bubble test (e.g. soap bubble), packing pressure or halogen leak detection.  为了避免因高低压串气而影响保压效果，一般可将系统高压和低压部分同时进行打压

 Pressure both high and low-pressure part of the system at the same time for better packing effect.  打压和吹污方法如下：将系统中连通大气的阀门关闭，其余阀门（包括电磁阀）开启。并

用铜管和耐压橡胶管将氮气瓶减压阀与压缩机吸气阀上的锥牙接头连起来。旋开氮气瓶

阀，调节减压阀，向系统充氮气，待压力升到0.5MP时，停止充气，用肥皂水检漏，合格

后可进行高压系统气密性试验，当压力升至高压系统实验压力时，将氮气瓶阀和压缩机的

排出阀关闭，继续用肥皂水检漏。若无渗漏，可记下当时的压力，温度。经24小时后，若

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温度变化3℃，压力变化约为1％左右，即为合格。吹污时卸开吸气过滤器法兰盖，在最短

时间内开启吸气阀门，将管路内的污物吹掉；

 Pressuring and dirt blowing method: keep main gas valves open and others including solenoid

valves closed. Connect the cone tooth connectors of suction valve of compressor and

decompression valve of Nitrogen cylinder with copper pipe and pressure holding rubber tube. Open the Nitrogen valve to charge the system; stop charging and check leakage by soap water

when the pressure reaches 0.5MP; test the high pressure part of system if the primary one

qualified, when it reaches the system testing pressure, close the valves of Nitrogen and

compressor, and test by soap water. Record the pressure and temperature if there isn’t any

leakage. After 24 hours, if the temperature changes 3℃ and pressure changes around 1%, it is

qualified. When blowing dirt, move the cover of flange of suction filter, open suction valve in the

shortest time and blow dirt in line;

10、系统加油 Oil-filling

在抽真空之前，放掉系统中的氮气，根据制冷系统加注制冷剂的量向制冷系统油分或储油器

加油

Discharge Nitrogen before vacuumization, fill the oil separator or oil tank according to the

charge volume of refrigerant

 多联螺杆机组的油直接注入油分离器和油冷却器中，充注时，喷油管路上的电磁阀应处于

关闭状态，油分离器和油冷却器之间的截止阀应打开，油分离器中的油位应处于视油镜范

围内；

 Oil of multi-connected screw unit should be filled into the oil separator and oil cooler directly. In

filling, solenoid valve in injection line must be shut off and shutoff valve between oil separator

and oil cooler should be opened, and level of oil in separator must be within range of sight glass;

 多联活塞机组的油直接注入储油器中

 Oil of multi-connected screw unit could be filled into oil tank directly.

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11、系统抽真空 Vacuumization

 在系统充注制冷剂之前，须将所有的不凝性气体和湿气从系统中排出。

 Discharge all non-condensable gas and moisture before refrigerant charging.  关闭喷油回路上的电磁阀；开启系统所有其它截止阀，接通油加热器电源，使加热器处于

工作状态，

 Close solenoid valve in oil injection line; open other valves and connect power of oil heater.  必须使用真空泵对整个系统抽真空，严禁使用本机组的压缩机对系统抽真空，否则会造成

压缩机不可修复的损坏

 Vacuunazation must be done by vacuum pump; compressor is forbidden to use in vacuumazation, otherwise damage may occur.  在检漏测试和压力测试以后，应将系统压力卸到0 kPa，抽真空时应将整个系统的所有阀

门（螺杆机喷油电磁阀除外）全部开启，连接一个带新鲜油的优质高真空度泵到低压和高

压侧抽空阀从高低压两侧同时进行。抽到真空度值1.5mbar以下，并且系统中管路视液镜

上试纸颜色的变为绿颜色，以确定系统内的水份不超标准。

 After the leakage test and pressure test, adjust system pressure to 0Kpa; open all valves except oil

injection valve of screw compressor when evacuumized, connecting a high qualified vacuum

pump with fresh oil to valves of high pressure and low pressure pump to vacuumize at the same

time. Vacuumize until the pressure is under 1.5mbar and the test strip of the sight glass turn into

green to ensure the moisture in the system not exceed the standard.  系统抽真空后保负压30分钟且压力不回升。

 Keep negative pressure for 30 minutes after vacuumization. 警告: 禁止在真空状态下，尝试启动机器或者将压缩机通电。

Warning: stat-up or connect with power is forbidden in the status of vacuum. 12、加注制冷剂 Charging of refrigerant

 加注制冷剂应在系统抽真空后进行

 Charging must be done after vacuumization.

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 加液管道上应有干燥过滤器，以防止水分和杂质进入系统

 Liquid filling line must be with dry filter to avoid moisture and dirt into the system.  切断电磁阀，将油加热通电，从高压阀加液口加注液态制冷剂，从压缩机吸气阀上的锥牙

接头加少量气态制冷剂，使低压系统高于大气压0.5bar左右，防止空气进入低压系统

 Shutoff solenoid valve ,heat the oil and connect the power; charge liquid refrigerant from the

high pressure valve and charge little gas refrigerant from suction valve of compressor; make

pressure of low pressure system 0.5bar higher than that of the atmosphere to avoid intaking of air.  制冷剂加注量应根据系统的容积运行条件确定，一次加注不易过多，约为贮液器体积的

50％

 The charging volume of refrigerant should reply on the system capacity; don’t charge too much

at one time, the proper volume is around 50% of the receiving tank.  系统运行稳定后，从低压阀检测口适量补充气态制冷剂

 Refill some gas refrigerant from checking opening of low pressure valve after the system is stable.  合适的加注量：机组正常运转时，供液视液镜中无气泡，贮液器容积在50％左右

 Proper charging volume standard: In stable running, there’s no bubble in sight glass and the

volume in reviving tank is around its 50%. 13、电气要求 Electricity

为了防止因电气系统故障而引起多联机组运行出现问题，请认真根据以下内容做好防范工

作。

To prevent from damage and failure, please execute the following items seriously.  所有电气方面的工作必须由具有地方或国家认可资质的人员去完成。

 All work related electricity must be done by professions with certification approved by local or

national authorities.  安装适当容量的漏电保护器，以免触电及发生火灾

 Leakage protector of proper volume is necessary to prevent from electric shock and fire.  机组应使用合格的专用电源：380V±5％，50Hz，3相，尽量不要与其它设备共用

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 The power supply of unit must be standard and special used: 380V±5％，50Hz, 3-phases,doo’t

share one power with other equipment.  确保所有系统控制件都是按照电路图要求连接到线路上的。

 Make sure all members are connected to the line in accord with the circuit instruction.  接地线应正确固定在机组电控箱的接地螺栓上

 Earthing line must be fixed to the earthing bolt of the power control box.  接线完成后须测试电路相对地绝缘阻值10兆欧以上，辅助电路对地绝缘阻值在2兆欧以上

 The tested relatively insulation resistance after connection should be above 10M, insulation

resistance to ground of auxiliary circuit should be above 2M.  配电箱门对地绝缘电阻应小于100毫欧

 Insulation resistance to ground of door of distribution box should be under 100 OHM.  严禁拆掉任何安全控制件，或者将其旁路连接。

 Remove any member or connect any of them to the other circuit is forbidden.  请勿使电线碰到高温部件

 Avoid contact of electrical line to high temperature members. 14、多联机组的主要组成及功能 The main components and functions of multi-connected unit

 压缩机：压缩做功，实现热量的反相传递。

 Compressor: to do work by compressing to realize the backward transference of heat.  油分离器：分离氟利昂中的冷冻油，将其排入储油器。

 Oil operator: to separate refrigeration oil from refrigerant and discharge them into oil tank.  冷凝器：冷却压缩机的排气，使氟利昂变成液体。

 Condenser: to cool the gas discharged from compressor to turn Freon into liquid.  储液器：储存液体，保证制冷剂的循环用量。

 Receiving tank: to store liquid for the circulation of refrigerant.  供液过滤器：除去液态氟利昂中的水和杂质

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 Liquid supply filter: to remove moisture and impurities from liquid Freon.  吸气过滤器：除掉吸气中的杂质。

 Suction filter: to remove impurities from gas.  储油器：接收油分离器分离出的冷冻油，等压缩机缺油时进行补油。

 Oil tank: to receive refrigeration oil from oil separator to fill the compressor.  油过滤器：过滤油中的杂质

 Oil filter: to filtrate impurities.  油路旁通阀：旁通储油器和吸气集管的压力，使二者压力平衡。

 By-pass valve of oil line: to balance the pressure of oil tank and suction pipe.  油位控制器：监控压缩机的油位，当油位低时，浮球打开，进行补油。

 Oil level controller: to monitor the oil level of compressor and to fill oil when it is low.  低压压力传感器：将感受到得低压压力传给多联机控制器,控制器再根据压力来控制压缩

机的起停数量。

 Low pressure sensor: to transfer the sensed low pressure to controller of multi-connected unit so

that it can control the number of compressors stopping or starting.  高压压力传感器：将感受到得高压压力传给多联机控制器,控制器再根据压力来控制冷凝

器的起停数量。

 High pressure sensor: to transfer sensed high pressure to controller of multi-connected unit so

that it can control the number of condensers stopping or starting.  膨胀阀：节流降温，使液态的氟利昂迅速降温，便于吸收冷库内的热量

 Expansion valve: to throttle and cool the liquid Freon for its better absorbing of heat.  供液电磁阀：由温度来控制电磁阀的起停，当电磁阀打开时，冷风机开始制冷

 Liquid supply solenoid valve: it is temperature that controls the shutoff and opening of valve;

when the valve is opened, air coolers start to work.  蒸发器（冷风机）：氟利昂在里面蒸发后吸收冷库的热量并被带走

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 Evaporator (air cooler): the Freon inside take out the heat of surroundings by evaporation. 15、多联机组的控制原理 Control principle of multi-connected unit 一）、压缩机的起停：根据吸气压力传感器所读的数值来控制压缩机的起停数量。

Ⅰ. The staring and stop of compressor: it is controlled by the value sensed by suction pressure sensor. 1、当冷库温度升高时，电磁阀打开时，吸气压力会随之升高；When the room temperature

increases, the valve is opened and the suction pressure will increase as well;

当吸气压力超过开机压力设定值时，第一台压缩机开启，如果此时压力不再高于开机压力设定

值，则保持目前的机器运转数量，如果压力仍高于开机压力设定值，则会开第二台，第三台，

直至全开。

When suction pressure exceeds the fixed value, start the first compressor; if the pressure continues to

increase, start the second, the third compressor until pressure reaches the fix value. 2、当冷库温度降到后，电磁阀关闭，吸气压力也随之降低，

When the room temperature reduces, the valve is clothed and the suction pressure reduces as well, 当吸气压力低于停机压力设定值时，第一台压缩机停机，如果此时压力不再低于停机压力设定

值，则保持目前的机器运转数量，如果压力仍低于停机压力设定值，则会停第二台，第三台，

直至全停。

When suction pressure is lower than the fixed value, stop the first compressor; if the pressure

continues to reduce, stop the second, the third compressor until pressure reaches the fix value. 二）、冷凝器的起停数量：根据排气压力传感器的数值是否超过压力设定点决定起停。

Ⅱ. The number of condensers stopping or starting: it depends on whether the value sensed by

discharge pressure sensor exceeds the fixed value or not. 16、多联螺杆机组开机调试 Commissioning of multi-connected screw unit

多联机组已经在工厂完成机组配电箱的测试，但在安装好的系统启动机组前，请再次检查

所有安全、电气和机械的子系统装备，以确保系统试机的安全和可靠性。

The power distribution boxes of unit have been tested in factory, but rechecking of safety, electricity and sub-system equipment is still necessary before installation.

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（一）、 运行前的检查Rechecking before commissioning

1、电器方面Electricity

1) 检查所有的动力电缆和控制电源是否连接到位Check the connection of all power cables and

controlling power. 2) 所有的接线断子是否连接牢固check the firmness of line connection. 3) 检查电源，通知电工供电。Check the power and notice to supply. 4) 检查三相电源是否平衡，是否符合机组要求 check if the three-phases electricity are balanced

and meet the requirement of unit. 5) 切断每一台压缩机电源开关，接通控制电源观察控制柜工作是否正常，检查交流接触器是

否动作正常，特别是分线圈启动部分，时间延时启动触头应为0.5秒。Cut off the power of

every compressor; connect controlling power to watch the working status of control box and AC

contactor, especially the starting up of sub-coil and the starting up of time relay should be 0.5

seconds. 6) 检查电机电子模块SE-E1或者SE-B2接线及报警是否良好，check the connection and warning

of SE-E1 and SE-B2 modules. 7) 压缩机电机过载保护器设置功能完好。Check the overloading protection device of

compressors’ motors. 8) 检查压控KP5接线及切断压力是否正常check the connectiong and pressure shuttoff of

pressure controller KP5. 9) 接通控制电源，送电12～18小时，进行油分加热，等油温升至比环境温度高20℃时即可具

备开机条件。Connect control power, keep electricity on 12~18 hours, heat the oil separator, and

starting up the unit is already when the temperature of oil is 20℃ higher that the environment

temperature. 2、其它方面 Others

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1) 检查油分离器油面，油位低指示灯熄灭，油面应在油视镜范围内。Check oil level of oil

separator and oil level should be in the range of sight glass; when low oil level, the indicator will

be off. 2) 检查各压力表阀是否打开，各仪表是否灵敏准确。Check whether every pressure valve is

opened and the veracity of every meter. 3) 检查压缩机的吸气，排气阀门及系统有所有阀门是否开启check whether the

suction/discharge valve of compressors and the other valves of system are opened. 4) 检查压缩机与蒸发器，冷凝器风扇，蒸发式冷凝器风机和水泵的各运转部位有无故障

check compressors, evaporators, fan of condenser, fan of evaporative condensers and water pump. 5) 打开供液阀时，并注意每台蒸发器供液电磁阀是否关闭不严when opening the liquid supply

valve, notice the tightness of liquid supply valves of every evaporator. 6) 检查并确认油过滤器已配备 ，并注意油电磁阀是否关闭不严check and ensure the equipment

of oil filter and notice the tightness of oil solenoid valves. 7) 检查视液镜是否是绿色，以确定系统内水分是否超标准check whether the sight glass is green

to determine if the moisture of systerm exceeds. 8) 检查贮液器的液面。Check the liquid level of receiving tank. 9) 喷油系统视油镜应看不到油面，如有必须将油放尽。The sight glass of oil injection system

shouldn’t show the oil level; otherwise discharge all the oil. （二）、开机试运转操作：Operation of commissioning

注意：如果螺杆压缩机意外的充满油，在尝试开机前必须把油排走排油时，关闭截止阀，

释放压力然后放松注油管路。

Note: if the compressors were charged oil by accident, oil must be discharged before starting

up. Shut off the stop valve and release the pressure then loosen oil pipe. 1) 接通控制电源以后，观察控制电脑面板上显示的压力，设定压缩机开停压力的数值。

After turning on the power, watch the pressure valued showed on the control panel and set the value of

starting and stop pressure of the compressor.

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2) 接同主电源，启动螺杆压缩机．冷凝器．冷凝器。观察电脑控制系统有无开机信号，若有

开机信号，螺杆机未启动，应检查油压差开关、高低压差开关、热继电器是否复位，修复

后再启动，没有什么问题就可以启动机器了

Turn on the main power, start up screw compressors, condensers and. Watch if the computer shows

signal. If there is, but screw compressors haven’t started up, check to see whether switches of oil

pressure difference, switches of high and low pressure difference and thermal relay have been reset;

restart again after repairing. If there isn’t any problem, machine can be started up. 3) 依次检查每一台螺杆压缩机的转向：check the steering direction of every compressor one by

one

螺杆压缩机机设有转向保护装置 SE-E1，但建议采用如下的试验，在吸气截止阀处安装

压力表，关闭压缩机吸气截止阀，然后重新开启一圈，关闭喷油管路。短时启动0.5～1秒，如

转向正确，则吸气压力会马上降低，如电机保护装置SE-E1动作或吸气压力升高，表明转向错

误，应交换供电电缆上两相的位置。如果压缩机反向运行，装置SE-E1没有立即停止压缩机运

行，则返回检查控制接线系统然后变化相电缆且检查SE-E1在压缩机接线盒正确性

Screw compressors are equipped with steering protection device SE-E1, but the following test is

suggested: install pressure meter on the suction shutoff valve, shut off suction shutoff valve of

compressors and start up all again, turn off oil injection pipe line. start 0.5~1 second, if the turning

direction is correct, the suction pressure will reduce; if the SE-E1 works or suction pressure increases, the turning direction is wrong and change the two electrical phases of cable immediately. If the

compressor operates reversely, SE-E1 doesn’t stop the running of compressor at once, recheck the

connection of control power system and change the phased and check the connection of SE-E1 as well. 注意：螺杆压缩机只允许朝一个方向转动，否则会造成严重的损坏。

Note: The screw compressor is allowed to running only in one direction, otherwise

damage may happen. 4）依次启动每一台螺杆压缩机start up compressors one by one

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打开油路阀门,再次启动压缩机然后慢慢打开吸气截止阀,观察在注油管路上的视液镜，如

果5秒内没有看到油流动立即关闭压缩机,检查为何没有油流动，也就是油阀门，电磁阀是否开

启。如果油路正常就可以开机了

Open the valve of oil line, restart the compressor and open the suction stop valve slowly; watch

the sight glass, if there isn’t oil running within five seconds, stop the compressor immediately and

check for reasons, that is, whether the oil valve and solenoid valve have been opened. If the oil line is

normal, starting up of compressor can begin. 4) 依次检查每一台螺杆机油流监测器SE-B2：check Se-B2 of compressors one by one:

螺杆压缩机启动过程中，油流量开关经过一个计时器15~20秒时间段后才得电以允许这时

间段内油稳定，通过这时间段的延迟，油流量开关可以灵活的监测油流量和油存在泡沫的状况

等,在延时时间终止后（在启动后15-20秒），对油流监测器进行试验，关闭油路电磁阀后2-3

秒，压缩机必须能自动停机。如果压缩不停机，则检查油路电磁阀是否关闭不严或者返回检查

控制接线SE-B2在压缩机接线盒正确性

During the starting up of screw compressor, oil volume controller get the power after the delay

of a timer for 15~20 seconds to ensure the stability of oil flow; during this delay (15~20 seconds) the

oil controller can monitor the oil volume and the status of oil foam; after the delay, test the oil monitor:

2~3 seconds after shut off the solenoid valve of oil line, the compressor can stop automatically;

otherwise, check whether the solenoid valve of oil line is tight or recheck the line connection of SE- B2 . 5) 低温螺杆压缩机容量控制-启动卸载the control of capacity of low-temperature screw

compressor-starting up unloading

卸载电磁阀未通电时，螺杆压缩机处于被卸载状态，when the unloading valve is off of power, the compressor is on the status of unlosding, 控制可选择如下接线方式the following line connection methods is on the choice:

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37

当第二接触器线路接通时，使两个电磁阀通电when the second contactor is connected, power

the two solenoid valve

使用时间延迟在启动装载30秒内使两个电磁阀通电power the two solenoid valves within 30

second by time relay. 6) 检查油位：check oil level

螺杆压缩机运行时，油位在视油镜范围内，油分离器内有油位监测器保证了最低油位。

在启动阶段可能产生泡沫，在2-3分钟后油位减弱，当排气温度高于冷凝温度30℃以上时，冷

凝器才可以工作，才可以 对油进行冷却。如果有必要，在启动时一段时间内控制吸气截止阀

来提高螺杆压缩机的压缩比然后因此提高排气温度。

At the starting up of compressor, the oil level is within the range of sight glass and the oil

monitor in the separator ensures the lowest oil level. Foam may be formed during the starting up; 2~3

minutes later, the oil level reduces,; only when the discharge temperature is 30℃ higher than that of

the condenser, can the condenser be started up. If necessary, increase the temperature of condenser by

controlling the suction stop valve to increase the compression ratio of compressor. 7) 经济器试运转（如果安装）Test running of economizer (if there is)

在实现正确的经济器试运转前，设备必须接近设计和运行的工况条件。 打开液体管路通

往换热器的电磁阀， 调整热力膨胀阀门过热度，使热力膨胀阀门过热度约10~12K，不恰当的

经济器运转将会不可避免的引起压缩机过载，可以使用一个低压控制器来预防经济器运转不受

该情况影响 ，对于多台螺杆机并联机组，当压缩机未运行时，中冷器主要液体管处的电磁阀

必须要关闭

The working conditions of equipment must be closed to the designed before the test running of

economizer. Open the valve that liquid run through to heat exchanger, adjust the overheat degree of

heat expansion valve to around 10~12K; improper test tuning of economizer will unavoidably cause

the overloading of compressor but a low-pressure controller can solve this; for multi-connected screw

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38

compressors, before the running of compressor, the valves of main liquid pipes of intercooler must be

shut up. 8) 当机组正常工作后，检查螺杆压缩机电流是否在厂家的规定的范围内。检查三相电流，

三相电压是否平衡，电压是否在机器厂家的规定范围内。

After the normal running of the unit, check whether the power of compressor is within the range of the

designed. Check whether three phases are balanced and the power is in the range of the designed. （三）、当机组中所有的机器都能正常运转，此时多联机组就能根据压力自动运转。

When all the machines of the unit run normally, the multi-connected unit can run automatically

according to the pressure. 17、多联活塞机组开机调试 commissioning of multi-connected reciprocating unit

多联机组已经在工厂完成机组配电箱的测试，但在安装好的系统启动机组前，请再次检查所

有安全、电气和机械的子系统装备，以确保系统试机的安全和可靠性。

The power distribution boxes of unit have been tested in factory, but rechecking of safety, electricity and sub-system equipment is still necessary before installation. （一）、运行前的检查，Rechecking before commissioning

1、电器方面Electricity

1) 检查所有的动力电缆和控制电源是否连接到位Check the connection of all power cables and

controlling power. 2) 所有的接线断子是否连接牢固check the firmness of line connection. 3) 检查电源，通知电工供电。Check the power and notice to supply. 4) 检查三相电源是否平衡，是否符合机组要求check if the three-phases electricity are balanced

and meet the requirement of unit. 5) 切断每一台压缩机电源开关，接通控制电源观察控制柜工作是否正常，检查交流接触器是

否动作正常，特别是分线圈启动部分，时间延时启动触头应为0.5秒。Cut off the power of

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39

every compressor; connect controlling power to watch the working status of control box and AC

contactor, especially the starting up of sub-coil and the starting up of time relay should be 0.5

seconds. 6) 检查电机电子模块SE-B1或者SE-B2接线及报警是否良好，check the connection and warning

of SE-E1 and SE-B2 modules. 7) 压缩机电机过载保护器设置功能完好。Check the overloading protection device of

compressors’ motors. 8) 检查压控KP5接线及切断压力是否正常check the connectiong and pressure shuttoff of

pressure controller KP5. 9) 检查电子油压开关的动作及延时时间。BITZER的电子油压开关的保护值是0.7bar，延时时

间为90秒。当油压低于该值时超过90秒时保护。Check the action of oil pressure switch and

delay time. The protection value of BITZER oil protection switch is 0.7 bar, and the delay time

should be 90 seconds. 2、其它方面Others

1) 活塞压缩机视油镜油位要在规定的范围（1/4～3/4），油加热器应开启,等到油温比周围环

境高于20℃就可以开机了。The oil level in sight glass should be within the range （1/4～

3/4）;oil heater should be opened and when the temperature of oil is 20℃ higher than that of the

surroundings, the starting up can be done. 2) 检查各压力表阀是否打开，各仪表是否灵敏准确。Check whether every pressure valve is

opened and the veracity of every meter. 3) 检查压缩机的吸气，排气阀门及系统有所有阀门是否开启check whether the

suction/discharge valve of compressors and the other valves of system are opened. 4) 检查压缩机与蒸发器，冷凝器风扇，蒸发式冷凝器风机和水泵的各运转部位有无故障

check compressors, evaporators, fan of condenser, fan of evaporative condensers and water pump.

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40

5) 打开供液阀时，并注意每台蒸发器供液电磁阀是否关闭不严when opening the liquid supply

valve, notice the tightness of liquid supply valves of every evaporator. 6) 检查并确认油过滤器已配备 ，并注意油电磁阀是否关闭不严check and ensure the equipment

of oil filter and notice the tightness of oil solenoid valves. 7) 检查视液镜是否是绿色，以确定系统内水分是否超标准check whether the sight glass is green

to determine if the moisture of systerm exceeds. 8) 检查贮液器的液面Check the liquid level of receiving tank. （二）、压缩机启动

1) 接通控制电源以后，观察控制电脑面板上显示的压力，设定压缩机开停压力的数值。

After turning on the power, watch the pressure valued showed on the control panel and set the value of

starting and stop pressure of the compressor. 2) 接同主电源，启动压缩机．冷凝器．冷凝器。观察电脑控制系统有无开机信号，若有开机

信号，压缩机未启动，应检查油压差开关、高低压差开关、热继电器是否复位，修复后再

启动，没有什么问题就可以启动机器了

Turn on the main power, start up compressors, condensers and. Watch if the computer shows signal. If

there is, but screw compressors haven’t started up, check to see whether switches of oil pressure

difference, switches of high and low pressure difference and thermal relay have been reset; restart

again after repairing. If there isn’t any problem, machine can be started up. 3) 依次启动压缩机后，倾听压缩机的运转声音，除吸、排气阀片清晰的起落声音外，其它部

件不应有敲击声。

Start up compressors one by one. Listen to the sound of operation, except the sound of gas suction and

discharge, other parts should make noise. 4) 检查冷凝器电机和冷凝器电机运转方向是否正确check the operation direction of compressor

and condenser.

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5) 开机后观察一段时间。根据供液管路上的视镜有无气泡情况加注制冷剂，a while after

starting up, fill refrigerant according to the bubble status in sight glass. 6) 待机器稳定后，观察视油镜，看油面是否在1/4～3/4之间。

Watch the sight glass after the stable operation and see whether the oil level is within 1/4～3/4. 7) 根据压缩机吸气阀结霜情况调节膨胀阀的开启度，adjust the opening degree of expansion

valve according to the frosting status of suction valve. 8) 检查压缩机的排气温度，BITZER的单机压缩机的排气温度不允许超过130℃，双机压缩机

的排气温度不允许超过110℃。测量点离排气阀口120ｍｍ。The discharge temperature of

BITZER single compressor shouldn’t exceed 130℃ and that of the double compressors shouldn’t

exceed 110℃. The test point should be 120mm away from discharge valve. 9) 当机组正常工作后，检查压缩机电流是否在厂家的规定的范围内。检查三相电流，三相电

压是否平衡，电压是否在机器厂家的规定范围内。

Check whether the power current, three phases and voltage are within the range of the designed. （三）、当多联机组所有的压缩机都能正常运转时，此时多联机组就能根据压力自动运转。

When all the machines of the unit run normally, the multi-connected unit can run automatically

according to the pressure. （四）、相关调整 related adjusting

1、压力控制器 Pressure controller

高低压控制器高压保护设定：旋转右侧螺栓调节CUT OUT值即为高压保护值set of high- pressure protector: turn the bolt on the right side, adjust ‘CUT OUT’ value witch is high-pressure

protection value. 高低压控制器低压保护设定：旋转左侧两螺栓调节CUT IN和DIFF值即可调节低压保护值，低

压保护值＝CUT IN值－DIFF值，set of low-pressure protector: turn the two bolts on the left side

and adjust ‘CUT IN’ and ’DIFF’ value and low-pressure value=CUT IN value –DIFF value. 低压自动复位值（对低压自动复位者）＝CUT IN值，压力控制器应调整在表2范围内如表 2

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Automatically reposition of low-pressure =CUT IN value, the range of pressure controller should be

adjusted to in the range of the following table 2. 1) 工质Refrigerant 2) 低压Low-pressure 3) 高压High-pressure

4) R22 5) ≥0.05 bar 6) ≤22bar

7) R502 8) ≥0.05 bar 9) ≤22bar

机组正常状态下压力与温度范围表（表3）Pressure and temperature table under the normal

operation(table 3)

表 3 Table 3

项目 Item 参考数值 Refrence value

库温 Room temperature℃ 0～5 －18 -30

蒸发温度 Evaporating

temp. ℃

－10～－5 －30～－25 －40～－33

吸气压力（低压表）

Suction pressure(low- pressure meter)MPa

0.25～0.35 0.05～0.1 0.0～0.04

夏季排气压力（高压

表）Discharge pressure in

summer (high-pressure

meter)MPa

1.5～2.0 1.3～2.0 1.3～2.0

冬季排气压力（高压

表）Discharge pressure in

winter (high-pressure

meter) MPa

0.8～1.2 0.7～1.1 0.7～1.1

排气温度 Discharging

temp. ℃

＜130 ＜130 ＜110

18、多联机运行注意事项 Attention of unit operation

1) 制冷系统的设计，应使压缩机开停频率较少。选用的控制组件准确、灵敏、可靠。制冷设

备出厂时必须调整好温度控制器、压力控制器、和延时器等，使压缩机在1小时内 的开停

次数少于8次，一次运转时间应5分钟以上，一次停机时间不少于3分钟。The designation

of refrigeration system should make compressor on-off less. The control assembly is

accuracy, sensitive and reliable. Refrigeration equipment out of factory must adjust

the temperature controller, pressure control, and delay machines etc. Compressor in

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43

one hour's driving less than 8 times, the running time should be more than five

minutes, a stop time not less than 3 minutes. 2) 压缩机正常运行电压应在361～400V（三相机），209～231V（单相机）之间。相间不平

衡应小于5%。Compressor in normal operation voltage 361 -400V( three phase), 400V (209-231V (single camera). Alternate with unbalanced should less than 5%. 3) 压缩机起动前必须开启吸、排气阀，运行中不允许关闭排气截止阀。Before starting

compressor, should open suction and discharge valves, during operation does not

allow to close the exhaust cut-off valves. 4) 低温螺杆机标准的油过滤器监测在压力降超过0.5Bar时会显示过滤器堵塞则必须更换

Oil filter monitoring of low-temperature screw machine standard examines the pressure

dropping exceeds 0.5 Bar will display filters jam must be replaced. 5) 制冷循环系统必须严格清洗干燥，不得残留有机化合物、金属杂质、洗净剂、酸类和水

分，不凝性气体的容积不超过系统容积的2%。

Refrigeration circulation system must be strictly washing and drying, shall not remain

organic compound, metal impurity, wash, acids and moisture, non-condensable gas

volume is no more than 2% of volume system. 6) 所加氟利昂应不含水份及杂质、空气等。

Added freon should not include water, air and impurities. 7) 在出厂前，已注入了冷冻油。进入系统运转后，由于有一部分油带到系统中循环，活塞压

缩机内油位下降，因此请适当添加机组专用油，使其不低于视油镜的“低位线”（运转时油

面高度最佳值为油面计的1/4 处～上端）。并请根据油污程度及时更换冷冻油，通常制冷

系统投入运行第一个月内需要更换一次冷冻油，以后每年更换一次。

In the factory, it has injected frozen oil. After running into the system, due to some oil to

system in circulation, piston compressor oil level fell in, so please properly add special

oil, make it is not less than the "low level" of oil level glass(running oil level best value is

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44

1/4 of oil lvel gauge ~ top). And please according to oil pollution degree, replace the

frozen oil timely, usually refrigeration system operation within one month need to change

a frozen oil, after replacing one year. 8) 机器通风良好，吸风温度不得超过38℃，否则影响制冷效果，缩短压缩机寿命。Machine

ventilated well, airdraft temperature shall not exceed the 38 degrees, otherwise, influence the effect of refrigeration and shorten the life of compressor. 9) 机组周围应保持清洁干燥，定期清扫风冷冷凝器翅片的灰尘及油污等杂物。

Surrounding of unit should be kept clean, regular clean the dust around air-cooled

condenser and fin smeary, etc. 10) 定期观察压缩机运行时吸气、排气压力和温度有无异常。如发现压缩机在超出规定压力范

围运行时，应通过调整热度（膨胀阀的开启度）使机组在规定的压力范围内运行

Regularly observe runtime suction, exhaust temperature and pressure of compressor

without anomalies. If found compressor exceeds regulate pressure range of operation, should by adjusting the heat (expansion valves opening) make units operate in the

provision of pressure. 11) 定期检查电控线头及其它部件是否有松动现象，如遇异常应及时维修和更换，检查前务必

切断电源。Regularly inspect electronic control thread and other electronic

components whether has loosening phenomemon, if any abnormal phenomenon of

loose shall timely maintain and replace, before inspection should cut off power

supply. 12) 定期检查压缩机各种保护（高低压，电子油压差，CIC模块，油流监测器SE-B2等）是否

灵敏

Regularly inspect various protection of compressor (high pressure difference, electronics

oil pressure difference, CIC module, oil flow monitor SE - B2, etc.) is sensitive or not.

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45

13) 定期观察蒸发器融霜情况。Regularly observe the condition of defrosting of

evaporator.. 14) 请勿触摸机组高温部件（如排气管等），以防烫伤

Do not touch the unit of high temperature parts (example exhaust pipe, etc.) to prevent

burns. 15) 如发现制冷剂大量泄漏、应立即停机，通风换气，严禁明火。

If found a leak of refrigerant, immediately stop machine, air changing, forbidden flame. 19、多联机维护 Maintenance of multi-connecting unit

为保证压缩机安全可靠的运转，延长压缩机的使用寿命，请注意对机组进行长期而又有

效的维护保养。机组的维护与保养应由专业人员进行。检查周期由制冷剂，冷却介质和运行模

式决定，其必须由最终用户决定。To ensure the compressor operating safe and reliable and

extending the service life, compressor, please pay attention to units and effective

maintenance. Please pay more attention to effective maintenance of unit. The

maintenance should be done by career man. Checking cycle is decided by refrigerants, cooling medium and operation mode, at the end user must decide. （一）、压缩机的维护保养：Maintenance of compressor

1、压缩机开机前 Before starting the compressor

 检查视油镜，压缩机油位要在规定的范围（1/4～3/4），油质要清洁。Checking the oil

level glass, compressor lubricants should be stipulated in the range (1/4-3/4), oil need

clean.  检查排气截止阀及其系统中应开启的阀是否在正确的位置。Checking whether the

position of exhaust cut-off valve and should be opened valve in system is correct or

not.  检查电源电压、环境温度是否在规定的范围。 Checking whether the power voltage, environment temperature is in scope or not. 2、压缩机运转中 Operation of compressor

 压缩机的吸气、排气压力不要超过使用范围。Suction and exhaust pressure of

compressor should not exceed the using scope.

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46

 当机组正常工作中，检查压缩机的电流是否在厂家的规定范围内，检查三相电流．三相电

压是否平衡 When the unit is in normal work, checking the current of compressor is in

specified scope of manufacturer or not, checking whether the three-phase current and

volatge is balance or not.  检查压缩机机头结霜情况，不允许结霜结到吸气缸盖上

Checking frosting condition of compressor, does not allow frosted to the cylinder head

 检查压缩机的排气温度，不允许超过130℃，测量点离排气阀口120ｍｍ。 Checking

the exhaust temperature of compressor, don't allow more than 130 ° c, the measure

point from mouth of exhaust valve is 120mm .  倾听压缩机的运转声音，除吸、排气阀片清晰的起落声音外，其它部件不应有敲击声。发

现渗油应及时处理。Listen to the voice of compressor running, except suction and

discharge valves slice falls clear voice, other parts should not have knocking voice. Find oil leakage should handle in time.  压缩机长期停机时应将制冷剂回收到贮液器内，关闭压缩机吸、排气截止阀。再次开机前

应对机组进行全面检查，确认一切正常后方能开机运转。When the compressor will be

long downtime, should recovery refrigerant to liquid, closed compressor suction, exhaust cut-off valves. Before starting again to check fully and confirm the unit

whether is in normal operation or not. （二）、多联机组的日常维护保养 Multi-connecting unit daily maintenance

1、经常检漏 Usually leakage detecting

机组调试完成后，机器由静止状态到运行状态会造成管道及阀件振动，这样有可能造成

管道焊口开裂以及制冷阀件丝口的松动。山东神舟制冷设备有限公司要求机组调试完一周内

必须检漏一次，重点检查机组、冷风机、冷凝器等运转部位连接的管路及阀件（由于反复运

行和停止会造成管路及阀件振动较大）的漏点。以后每月检漏一次。这样就不会因机组缺少

大量氟里昂导致机组不能正常运转。

After debugging, the machine from static state running to the operating state will

cause pipes and valves vibration, such is likely to cause pipe welding mouth cracking

and silk of refrigeration valves loose. Shandong Shenzhou Refrigeration Equipment

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47

Co., Ltd requests to check leakage within one week after debugging, emphasising

check unit machine, air cooler, condensing and connecting pipe and valves(due to

frequently operating and stopping caused larger vibration of pipeline and

valves)leakage. Later one month one checking. So it won’t because of lack of lots freon

caused the machine in abnormal operation. 2、经常检查视镜 Frequently checking sight glass

混合于制冷剂的润滑油在压缩机运转时被排入系统后，可能留存在系统中而无法或不能

及时返回压缩机，表现为贮油器和曲轴箱中的油面下降。这种情况通常在机组运行初期就可以

被发现。必须定期（特别在机组运转初期）检查润滑油油位是否仍处于压缩机体上标志的规定

范围内、贮油器内是否油位过低。注意不应在长时间停机后检查油位，因为此时润滑油中可能

溶解了制冷剂而使油位升高。如润滑油出现混浊沉淀，应及时更换以避免压缩机受损。同时也

表明系统可能或曾经存在非正常状况，应该作进一步的检查。 Mixture oil is discharging in the refrigerant system when operation of compressor, it may reside in system and not or cannot be timely return to the compressor, it shows the

level of oil of oil conservator and crankcase decreasing. In this situation at the beginning

of unit will be found. Must be regularly (especially in the initial of the unit operating)

check the oil level whether is still in specified scope on the mark of compression, in the

reservoir oil level whether is too low. Note don’t check the oil level after stopping for a

long time, because the oil level will be higher because in the lubricating oil dissolved

refrigerant. Such as lubricating oil appears muddy precipitation, should change in time to

prevent compressor damaged. Also shows that system may or once existed abnormal

situation, should be further examination. 有必要经常检查机组的视液镜。制冷剂在视液镜中应显示为连续的没有气泡的液体流动

状态，这在机组试运行期间可作为是否需要补充制冷剂的判断依据之一。在机组实际运行期

间，由于压力变化等因素可能使视液镜短暂地出现气泡，但如果持续地流动不正常并伴随吸气

压力降低，说明系统中制冷剂供给不足。可能的原因是存在泄漏或局部堵塞。

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It is necessary to check the level glass usually. Refrigerant in the level glass

shows continuous no bubble of liquid state, it is one of judgement basis for whether to

supplement refirgerant during the unit operation. During the actual operation, due to

pressure change maybe make level glass briefly appearing bubble, but if abnormal

continuing flowing with decreasing air intake pressure, it indicates that there is not

enough refirgerant. The possible reason is exsited leakage or local resistance. 3、经常检查高低压力表 Frequently checking high-low pressure gage

在制冷系统确定并正常运行后，吸气压力应与蒸发温度相对应，而排气压力将随蒸发温

度和环境温度在一定的范围内变化。如果吸气压力过低并且视液镜中夹带气泡，则制冷剂管路

中可能存在局部堵塞或泄漏；如果排气压力过高，则可能冷凝器翅片堵塞、冷却水温度过高或

系统进入空气。总之，应经常观测并记录系统正常运行初期（多种环境温度）阶段整个制冷过

程中的压力表示值，这有助于在压力表示值处于正常范围之外时作出及时的正确地判断。

After normal operation of refrigeration system, air intake pressure should

correspond with the evaporation temperature, and the exhaust pressure change within a

certain range with evaporation temperature and environmental temperature. If the air

intak pressure is low and with bubble in the level glass, the refrigerant pipeline has local

resistance or leakage; if the exhaust pressure is high, the condensing radiator fan has

resistance, cooling water temperature is high or air entering into system. In a word, should often observe and record the whole refrigeration system pressure indication value

in the initial stage(many enviromental temperature)of normal operation, it helps to make

correct judge timely when the pressure indication valve in the normal range. 4、检查交流接触器 Checking AC contactor

由于交流接触器可能长期工作在高温高湿环境并经受灰尘的污染，长期运行可引起触点

的腐蚀、碳化，严重时可发生触点粘连。在长期运行后必须十分重视对压缩机接触器的定期检

查，因为它不但承受压缩机电机电感负载的频繁通断，而且最终执行压缩机的所有保护动作。

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如果因电源缺相（或主回路断路/短路）使控制系统执行保护动作时，应立刻检查交流接触

器。

Because of AC contactor in high temperature and humidity enviroment and dust

pollution works long time and cause the carbonization corrosion, contacts, serious can

happen contacts adhesion. It should pay great attention to the compressor contactor

regular check during the long running, because it not only bear compressor frequently on- off of motor inductance load, and final execute all the protection of compressor. If

because of lack of phase (or the main circuit breakers/ short circuit)make control system

execute protection, should immediately check AC contactor. 5、补充润滑油 Supplement lubricating oil

压缩机内已加注了正常运行工况所需的足量润滑油。某些原因使部分润滑油与制冷剂一

起被排出压缩机后停留在系统中某些部位而不能完全返回压缩机，仍可能引起压缩机内润滑油

不足。这些因素可能是蒸发温度、回油系统的设计、管路结构形式、回气速度及润滑油与制冷

剂的混容程度等。为防止对压缩机造成损伤，此时须适量补充润滑油。补充润滑油与否及补充

数量主要以压缩机稳定工况时或在稳定工况下停止压缩机的最初10秒内视油镜中的油位为依据

（具体参照压缩机体上视油镜旁的标注），且机组运转中贮油器以能看到下视镜油位为宜。

The compressor has been filled enough lubricationg oil for normal operation

condition. Some reasons caused some lubricants and refrigerant was discharged form

compressor and stayed in certain parts of system cannot completely return to compressor, it still can cause lubricating oil shortage in compressor. These factors may be the

evaporation temperature, oil pipeline system design, structure and the gas velocity and

mixed with oil and refrigerant, etc. In order to avoid compressor damage, it need properly

supplement lubricate. Added lubricant and replenish quantity on the specific reference

basis at first 10 seconds compressor oil in the mirror of oil mainly in stable condition

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compressor stability conditions or stopping compressor(depending on the compression of

oil by lens mark), and to see the below mirror oil advisable . 6、更换润滑油 Changing lubrication oil

在设计良好、安装妥善且正常使用的制冷系统中，润滑油可能始终保持清洁，即使长期

使用也无须更换。润滑油变黑是由于系统内清洁度、干燥度和真空度不足或压缩机排气温度过

高或电机过热等因素引起。被污染的润滑油必须予以更换。由于压缩机运转后部分被制冷剂吸

收的润滑油仍留在系统中，所以再次加油量应比压缩机初次加油量略少。如果润滑油污染特别

严重，应进行系统内部清洗。

In the well designation, proper installation and normal operation of refrigeration

system, lubricate can keep clean, even if long time using without changing. 7、补充制冷剂 Supplement refrigerant

制冷剂的正确加注量是决定制冷系统运行效能的关键因素之一。如果制冷剂加注量不

足，将使吸气压力和排气效率降低，在回气冷却压缩机中还可能引起电机过热。如果制冷剂加

注量过度，则可能导致冷凝压力过高或蒸发器回液而损坏压缩机。即使采用同样的压缩机的系

统，也会因为内部容积、蒸发温度、冷凝压力的不同而具有不同的最佳制冷剂加注量。此外，

采用系统抽真空后从高压侧加注液态制冷剂的方式未必能一次加入足够的制冷剂。因此实际操

作中通常采用在完成液态制冷剂加注后从低压侧加注气态制冷剂的方式补充制冷剂。

The correct amount of refrigerant filling is one of the key factors for efficiency

operation of the refrigeration system. If shortage of refrigerants will make air intake

pressure and exhaust gas efficiency decrease,in cooling compressor may also cause motor

overheating. If filling too much refrigerants will cause high condensing pressure or

return liquid of evaporator and damage compressor. Even if using the same compressor

system, also because of differnent interior volume, the evaporation temperature, condensing pressure has different filling quantity of refrigerant. In addition, after the use

of vacuum system, fill liquid refrigerant from the high pressure side way does not

necessarily add enough refrigerants. So often in the actual operation after completion of