INHALT

Mayer Network

We care about your future

Sonderdruck

Sonderdruck

3

CONTENTS

INHALT

Mayer Network

We care about your future

Sonderdruck

Sonderdruck

IMPRESSUM 01/01/2007

No reprints, neither in extracts, without authorization of the editor:

the company of KARL MAYER Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH, 63179 Obertshausen.

Cover photo: www.photocase.com

Rights for technical modifications reserved!

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11

16

18

INTRODUCTION

PRODUCTION OF THE NETS PAGE 4

REVIEW OF THE PRODUCTS PAGE 5

BASIC NET CONSTRUCTIONS PAGE 6

PRODUCTION OF THE NET OPENINGS PAGE 7

INCORPORATION OF FUNCTIONAL ZONES PAGE 8

KNOTLESS NETS PAGE 9

TYPES OF MATERIALS PAGE 10

APPLICATIONS

CIRCULAR BALE AND PALLET NETS PAGE 11

AGRICULTURAL NETS PAGE 12

FISHING-NETS PAGE 14

SPORTS AND SAFETY NETS PAGE 15

REVIEW OF THE MACHINES

WARP-KNITTING MACHINES FOR PRODUCING

NETS PAGE 16

YARN FEEDING

YARN FEED SYSTEMS PAGE 18

4

INTRODUCTION

Textile nets have a wide range of enduses. One of their main uses is to protect

against adverse weather conditions, in

which case, the nets are constantly subjected to many different climatic effects.

This has led to the development of many

new applications, both inside and outside.

Warp knitting technology offers a wide

range of possibilities for producing nets,

which no other technology can match.

Alongside weaving and weft knitting, warp

knitting is widely used to produce textile

substrates for a variety of applications.

Warp-knitted fabrics may be elastic or

dimensionally stable, they may have open

or dense constructions, and may have fine

or coarse structures. They can be produced as flat, tubular or three-dimensional

textiles in widths of up to six metres and

above. Besides the exceptional width of

the nets, another advantage is that the

design of the nets can also be varied

extensively, depending on the knitting process used and the construction.

Warp knitting technology enables the individual products to be adapted to suit specific requirements. All the machines can

produce single or multiple webs, and it is

not longer necessary to carry out costly

making-up processes.

The many possibilities available for producing the nets will now be presented. An

overview will be given of what warp knitting

technology can achieve in terms of net production. The main processing factors and

the end-uses will also be described. In

addition to information on the actual products, important aspects relating to production and the basic constructions will

also be presented by way of a short introduction.

PRODUCTION OF TEXTILE NETS

5

INTRODUCTION

Nets for the agricultural and

leisure sectors

Olive nets

Shade nets

Harvesting nets

Growing nets

Anti-bird nets

Mosquito nets

Wind-breaks

Anti-hailstone nets

Sun-screens

Privacy screens

Hay-baling nets

Packaging nets

Pallet nets

Circular bale nets

Protecting, safety and

universal nets

Safety nets for buildings

Nets for protecting against rock falls

Catch nets

Container nets

Automotive nets

Sports nets

Goal nets

Tennis nets

Volleyball nets

Table-tennis nets

Catch nets

Nets for dividing-up sporting

facilities

Screens for sporting facilities

Nets for the fishing industry

Fishing-nets

Nets for fish-farms

REVIEW OF THE PRODUCTS

6

INTRODUCTION

BASIC NET CONSTRUCTIONS

The specific characteristics of each net will depend on a number of interdependent

factors:

• the lapping

• the number of guide bars used

• the machine gauge

• the yarn threading arrangement

• the stitch density

• the type of yarn

The following characteristics of the nets can be varied by altering these parameters to

suit the intended end-use::

• the level of shade provided, or sun-protection factor

• the wind permeability

• the opacity

• the stability, or elasticity, in the lengthwise and crosswise directions

Most of the nets produced on single-bar raschel machines are produced by a pillar

stitch-inlay lapping or by other simple basic constructions. The loops in the various

lappings can be processed so that they are open or closed. Some of the most frequently used basic lappings are:

Pillar stitch

A pillar stitch construction is the first choice for producing the nets, and it is the most

frequently used lapping when manufacturing nets. In most cases, the pillar stitch is

responsible for ensuring that the nets have the required lengthwise strength and stability. To produce a textile substrate, the pillar stitch construction must be combined

with an inlay lapping or one of a number of other lappings (Fig. 1).

Inlay (weft)

As with the pillar stitch lapping, the inlay cannot produce a textile substrate on its own.

The inlay is responsible for maintaining the crosswise stability, and can join two, three

or more stitch wales together. As a general rule, the more wales that are joined together in an underlap, the more stable is the fabric (Fig. 2).

Tricot

The basic tricot lapping is produced by sideways shogging of the guide bar in relation

to the adjacent needle. When worked without any additional guide bars, this lapping

produces an elastic fabric. Because of its own high elasticity in the lengthwise and

crosswise directions, the tricot lapping is seldom used for producing nets, unless an

additional guide bar is used (Fig. 3).

2 x 1 lapping

As with the tricot lapping, the 2 x 1 lapping joins together adjacent wales. Unlike the

tricot lapping, the next loop is not produced on the adjacent needle, but on the next

but one needle. The same principle applies to all the other stitch lappings, with the

exception of the pillar stitch construction (Fig. 4).

Combining these lappings produces a wide variety of different fabric characteristics

and two, three or more lappings can be combined. This enables the specific characteristics of a product to be varied extensively.

1

2

3

4

7

PRODUCTION OF THE NET OPENINGS

INTRODUCTION

Net openings having a variety of different sizes and shapes can be produced in a

number of different ways, in which case, the choice of gauge, construction and stitch

density are decisive factors in determining the shape and size of the openings.

Another factor is the yarn threading arrangement into the guide bars. This does not

necessarily have to be identical to the machine gauge. Because of the many possible end-uses, threading arrangements of 1 in, 1 out, 1 in, 2 out, etc., are often used

for these types of products. The advantage for the manufacturer is that a wide range

of products can be produced on one machine, without having to carry out any timeconsuming changeover procedures.

Fig. 1: Fully threaded, Fig. 2: 1 in, 1 out, Fig. 3: 1 in, 2 out

1

2

3

8

INTRODUCTION

In order to improve handling and to join

individual webs of net together, the knitting operative can incorporate different

reinforcing strips and edgings, depending on the machine’s features. These

include eyelet-holes or straps, which

may be located at the edge or in the

middle of the net. They are usually incorporated in the vertical direction, but may

sometimes be worked in the horizontal

direction as well.

The functional zones in the nets can be

varied and produced in a number of different ways. The three main types and

their possibilities will now be described.

Reinforcing strips and

functional zones

Reinforcement and functional zones can

be incorporated at the edge or in the

central zone and, in addition to providing

the net with additional support, also

make it stronger and produce an excellent edge.

The edge of the textile can be reinforced

in a number of ways:

• by using additional guide bars

• by threading several or thicker yarns

in the guide

• by changing the gauge (e.g. main part

E 12, 1 in, 1 out, and the edge, E 12,

fully threaded)

Straps

Straps (draw strings) usually run as zero inlays (filler thread) into the net during the

knitting process, and are fixed in place between the underlaps of the other guide

bars. These straps stabilise the nets once they have been erected, and can also be

used for subsequently incorporating steel wires, cords or similar materials (Fig. 3).

Eyelet holes (buttonholes)

Various lappings can be used to work the eyelet constructions. They can be formed

using loop or inlay lappings and by using one or several guide bars. The length of the

eyelets and the distance between them can be increased or decreased by adjusting

the lapping, and the width of the openings is determined by the threading-in arrangement and the lapping.

These additional possibilities enable the eyelet strips to be designed to suit specific

applications, and the distance between the holes can be adjusted to suit the particular end-use of the net. Nets for covering scaffolding are one example of this type of

net. The eyelet holes in the net are knitted-in so that they correspond to the distance

between the scaffolding supports, which enables the nets to be accurately mounted

and fixed to the supports (Figs. 1 and 2).

INCORPORATION OF FUNCTIONAL ZONES

1 23

9

INTRODUCTION

KNOTLESS NETS

The difference between knotless

and knotted nets

Nets produced on warp knitting machines

are ‘knotless’ constructions. The single- or

double-bar raschel machines used to produce these nets process the yarns directly

from a warp beam to produce the net. In

this case, all the yarns are processed vertically into the connecting sections. The

guide bars are moved to the adjacent connecting section at specific intervals, which

produces the joint or so-called ‘knot’. An

examination of the net shows a textile

having a uniform thickness, without any

bumps in the ‘knot section’. Consequently,

this has given rise to the term, ‘knotless

nets’.

On the other hand, knotted nets are produced by knotting yarns that have already

been twisted together in a specific cycle to

form a net. The connecting sections and

joining points (knots) can be varied,

depending on the size of mesh required.

Any adjustments are made via the lapping.

This knitting technology allows the knitting

operative to easily lengthen or shorten

both the knots and the connecting sections

for the same yarn use. The weight changes slightly when the size of the mesh is

changed.

The width of warp-knitted nets is always

specified along with the number of mesh

openings in the net, since the maximum

span width of the nets will vary according

to the size of the mesh and the relationship

between the knot length and the length of

the connecting sections.

The characteristics of knotless

nets

• a smooth textile surface is produced by

the way in which the loops are joined

together. This results in low energy

expenditure when the net is used for

fishing, since the flow resistance is low

• the size of all the mesh openings is

exactly the same, and the joining points

are completely slip-resistant

• good abrasion resistance, since no

knots protrude from the surface

• no finishes are required, since the

joining points are completely stable

• long production cycles, since the warp

beams have a long running length

• economical, untwisted filament yarns

can be processed

• the knotless construction reduces the

risk of injury to the user during use

• high energy absorption capacity.

mesh

mesh

knots

connection section

10

Photo: Messe Frankfurt

TYPES OF MATERIALS

INTRODUCTION

Every type of raschel machine can process

a wide variety of yarn types and structures.

Synthetic yarns are usually used, including

polyester (PES), polyamide (PA) and polyolefines such as polyethylene (PE) and

polypropylene (PP) in the form of filament

or spun yarns. These yarns can be used in

a wide range of different shapes and constructions, and may be flat, textured, shiny,

matt, circular, structured or spun-dyed.

Less conventional materials, such as

metal wire, reflective or conductive yarns,

tape yarns, natural fibres and every other

conceivable type of material can also be

processed. This applies to all the products

and machines described in this brochure.

Agricultural nets are usually made from

polyolefine in the form of tape or monofilament yarns.

Polyethylene is usually used for the following reasons:

• the yarn parameters (elongation and

strength/stability) can be stipulated in

advance

• low weight

• no water absorption

• flexibility

• high strength

• rot-resistance

• weather-resistance

• can be dyed in any colour.

Depending on the requirements of the end

product, polyethylene may either be processed in the form of tape or monofilament

yarns, but combinations of the two are not

uncommon. The choice of which yarn to

use will depend partly on the characteristics of the end product, and also on the

type of machinery available in the manufacturing plant.

Tape yarns

Nets made exclusively from tape yarns are

intended mainly for use as shade nets.

This is because the tape yarns produce a

flexible, lightweight net having an excellent

sun-protection factor. But this type of tape

yarn construction can also be used in protective nets, such as anti-bird nets.

Monofilament yarns

Nets made from monofilaments are ideal

for use as harvesting or anti-bird nets, but

they are frequently also used as shade

nets.

The nets produced exclusively from monofilament yarns are extremely stable and

durable. However, they need to have a high density if they are to be used as shade

nets, for example. This increases the weight of the net, and the high yarn consumption increases the cost.

Combination of tape and monofilament yarns

A combination of monofilament and tape yarns is suitable for a variety of end-uses,

such as for harvesting nets, anti-bird nets and shade nets.

The textile produced on a double-bar machine is usually made from monofilaments

as the pillar stitches and tape yarns as the inlays. With three-bar constructions,

monofilaments can also be used for the inlays (i.e. monofilaments in the pillar stitches

and monofilaments and tape yarns in the inlays).

This combination of yarns makes the nets more stable and durable than nets made

exclusively from tape yarns. By using tape yarns as the inlay, lightweight nets having

a high shade factor can be produced for a low material consumption.

Sections made from different materials can also be produced next to each other.

Depending on the final end-use, manufacturers may use polyester, polyamide or

polypropylene multifilament yarns to produce universal nets and fishing-nets.

However, every other type of material, as well as combinations of materials and

colours, can also be used.

11

CIRCULAR BALE AND PALLET NETS

Photo: K.-H. Lahrem

APPLICATIONS

These lightweight polyethylene nets can be used for securing circular hay bales

and for stabilising pallets and piles of boxes so that they can be transported safely. Even bales of silage can be secured with a net first to make them more stable.

The lapping used to produce this type of net is a pillar stitch/inlay combination

which was specially developed for this particular application, whereby the large

width of the openings creates a self-adhesive effect on the circular bales. The pillar stitch wales are spaced wide apart from each other, since the machine operates at only one needle per inch (1 needle to 25.4 mm). The standard width of the

nets is approx. 125 cm and the weight is 9-15 g/m2

.

12

APPLICATIONS

Harvesting nets

Harvesting nets are perfect for collecting

fruits which fall off the tree when they are

ripe, or which have to be shaken off the

tree. Olive groves are a typical example of

this. The nets are placed underneath the

trees until the harvesting period is over,

and are used for catching the ripe fruit as it

falls off the tree. This simplifies and

rationalises the harvesting process considerably.

The size of openings in the net can be

varied, depending on the size of the fruit.

The holes are produced by varying the pillar stitch/inlay lapping. Depending on the

end-use and the type of textile, the machine operates with one pillar stitch and one

or more inlay guide bars. The nets are usually made from polyethylene monofilaments.

Anti-bird nets

These nets can be placed over trees and

fields to protect the fruit from being eaten

by birds. The textile is strong yet lightweight and protects the fruit without restricting plant growth.

The nets are usually worked with two

stitch-forming guide bars, and have a basic

construction in which the openings are produced. The size of the diamond-shaped

openings can be increased or decreased

by varying the repeat length of the connecting sections. The use of polyethylene tape

yarns or monofilament yarns makes the

net extremely durable and hard-wearing.

Anti-hailstone nets

Anti-hailstone nets are used to cover

plants and fruit orchards to protect them

from being damaged by hailstones. Covering fields with this type of net protects

the plants from being damaged by hailstones, but does not restrict their growth.

The nets are primarily made from polyethylene monofilaments and are produced

on two- or three-bar machines using a simple pillar stitch/inlay construction. Tricot or

2 x 1 lappings with a pillar stitch can also

be worked to produce other types of antihailstone nets.

Depending on the stitch density and underlap length, nets having varying shade factors or air-permeability values can be produced for use as shade nets, sun-screens

or wind-breaks. The pillar stitches, which

are usually made from polyethylene monofilament or tape yarns, and the inlays,

which usually comprise tape yarns, give

NETS FOR THE AGRICULTURAL AND LEISURE SECTORS

Photo: Arrigoni

13

APPLICATIONS

the net its own special characteristics. The

knitting technology also makes it possible

to process a loop lapping in place of an

inlay lapping, depending on the strength

requirements. Nets for use outdoors can

also be treated so that they are resistant to

UV light. These types of nets can also be

printed and erected at sporting facilities

and used for advertising, for example.

Shade nets

Shade nets are used extensively in warmer countries of the world. They can be

erected over hothouses and crops to protect the seedlings and plants from the

effects of strong sunlight and to prevent

them from drying out. They can thus be

used to create optimum growth conditions

for the plants. A constant level of air circulation can also be maintained in greenhouses covered with warp-knitted shade nets,

which prevents excess heat from building

up.

Sun protection nets

Warp-knitted nets are not only used in hot

countries for protecting plants, they can

also be used in a range of other, everyday

uses. For example, they can be placed

over play areas, car parks, patios and terraces to protect people from harmful UV

rays and heat. Their low weight makes it

easy for them to be erected easily over

banks of seats and play areas, and they

can be removed just as easily afterwards.

They are a cheap and flexible alternative to

traditional, static sun-screens.

Wind protection/wind-breaks

Wind-breaks are used to protect fields of

young plants, trees or the harvest from

being damaged by the wind. Erecting

wind-breaks protects the young seedlings

and the mature plants from drying out and

being broken. The nets used here reduce

the effects of high winds and help to keep

out airborne sand and salt in areas close to

the sea. Protecting plants from high winds

also encourages plant growth and reduces

the number of irrigation cycles required.

Photo: Arrigoni

14

FISHING-NETS

APPLICATIONS

Knotless fishing-nets are nearly always produced using the same lapping principle.

Here too, the repeat consists of two zones, a ‘knot’ and a ‘connecting section’. The

size of these two zones in the net can also be changed, i.e. it can be increased.

Standard and super knots

With fishing-nets, the distinction is usually made between standard and super-knotted types. Standard knots are usually used in normal applications whereas, with

super knots, two of the inlay guide bars form an additional loop at the joining point

(knot), which increases the volume and strength of the ‘knots’.

Single and double connecting sections

As with the knot, the design of the connecting section can also be varied. With fishing-nets, this generally consists of a pillar stitch wale. If the connecting section

needs to be stronger or have a flat cross-section, the connecting section can be worked with two wales to produce a so-called ‘double connecting section’.

The yarns

Flat, untwisted polyester or polyamide multifilament yarns are usually used.

15

APPLICATIONS

SPORTS AND SAFETY NETS

These universal nets can be used in

every possible end-use. For example,

they can be used to protect people as

well as to secure loads in motor vehicles

and containers. Their main use is for

safety/protection and in the sports sector.

Safety nets are usually used for protecting people. When erected on building

sites, they protect workers in the event of

a fall, and prevent passers-by from being

hit by falling objects.

Like safety nets, sports nets are used to

protect people around sports stadiums

from being hit by flying objects. They can

also be used as goal and volleyball nets,

and as dividing and retaining nets in

sports halls.

Depending on the specific end-use,

these nets must be able to meet certain

protection requirements. The knotless

nets used in these applications are slipresistant and, as well as being extremely strong, also have a high energy-absorbing capacity.

The nets are usually produced on double-bar raschel machines and have two

identical sides. The machine produces

stitch wales on the front and rear needle

bars simultaneously, with an almost circular cross-section, which also reinforce

several inlay yarns. As with all the other

nets, the size of mesh can be varied.

The different shapes of the openings

depend on the ratio between the length

of the connecting section to the knot,

and these give the net its own particular

characteristics. Depending on the construction and end-use, the mesh may

have a hexagonal, a square or a diamond shape.

Photo: www.photocase.com

Kettenwirk-Praxis 2/2005

Several raschel machines, which operate

using different knitting techniques, can be

used for producing the nets. We would

like to describe two of these techniques

in this brochure:

• single-bar raschel machines

(single-face raschel machines)

• double-bar raschel machines

(double-face raschel machines)

Single-bar raschel machines

Agricultural, safety and fishing-nets can be

produced using this technology. The loop

heads (Fig. 1) can be seen on the front of

the textile and the underlaps can be seen

on the reverse side (Fig. 2).

The RS 4 N-F

is an all-round, four-bar machine, which is

used for producing agricultural, protective,

shade nets, etc.

Widths: 170\" (432 cm) and 260\" (660 cm)

Gauges: E 6 and E 12

underlap side

MACHINES SURVEY

WARP KNITTING MACHINES FOR PRODUCING NETS

1

2

loop-head side

16

17

MACHINES SURVEY

Double-bar raschel machines

Double-bar raschel machines produce knotless nets having an almost circular crosssection. Sports and safety nets are examples of this type of net.

Unlike single-bar machines, double-bar machines form loops on both needle bars.

The articles produced in this way are instantly recognisable, since they have two

identical sides on which the loop heads can be seen. In each case, the underlaps lie

between the front and the rear loop head. The nets produced on these machines

have a higher volume than that of those produced on single-bar machines.

However, there is an exception to this rule. Single-bar textiles can be produced on

certain double-bar machines - with double the fabric width. This is based on the principle of a textile web being produced on each needle bar. During the knitting process,

an additional pattern bar joins the two textile webs together on one side. This principle can also be used to produce two separate textile webs simultaneously.

The HDR 8

is a double-bar raschel machine for producing nets having a circular cross-section, such as safety, universal and sports

nets. This machine operates with eight

guide bars.

Width: 130\" (330 cm)

Gauges: E 8 and E 9

The RDS 7

is a double-bar raschel machine, which

produces single-bar shade nets with

double the fabric width.

Width: 193\" (490 cm)

Gauge: E 6

18

YARN FEEDING

Various systems are available for feeding

the tape yarns, monofilaments or filament

yarns to the machine’s knitting elements to

produce the nets. Every system involves

feeding the yarns to the knitting point via

yarn combs and tensioners. Depending on

the lapping, the guide bars knit the yarns

supplied from the various guide bars to

produce different textile products.

The distinction can be made between the

following feed systems:

• an FTL unit

• a frame carrying sectional warp beams

• a combination of a sectional warp beam

frame and an FTL unit

• feed units with beam let-off frames

• feed units with a creel

The yarn may be supplied in the form of a

roll of film, on packages or on sectional

warp beams, in which case the appropriate feed system must be used, or else further processes must be carried out to prepare the yarn.

FTL aggregate

frame carrying the sectional warp beams

✂ ✂

Operating with sectional warp beams

Wound packages (tape or monofilament yarns) are a basic prerequisite for processing sectional warp beams. These can either be produced by companies in-house or else bought-in from outside suppliers. To produce the sectional warp beams, the wound material has

to be processed onto sectional warp beams on a warping machine. The sectional warp beams are then mounted onto a frame, which

is placed over the machine. The yarn is fed directly from the sectional warp beams via tensioning bars and combs to the knitting point.

The number of beam mountings on the frame usually depends on the number of (ground) guide bars. Each beam station can carry

several sectional warp beams, depending on the width of the machine, the number of yarns or monofilaments required, and the size of

the sectional warp beams.

Operating with sectional warp beams and an FTL unit

Combining a frame with an FTL unit enables an article containing tape yarns as well as monofilament yarns to be produced. The tape

yarns are fed from the FTL unit and the monofilaments are fed from the frame.

Operating with the FTL unit

The FTL unit is usually located behind the

machine and is used for feeding the exact

amount of tape yarns required to the

machine.

The film is unwound from the roll of film

and slit into predetermined widths. The cut

tapes are then fed to a stretching zone,

where they are stretched monoaxially, and

the exact amount required is fed to the

raschel machine.

The FTL system is based on a modular

design, and can be supplied as a single

unit or as twin or triple versions. Working

out how many units are needed will

depend on the width of the machine, the

number of guide bars, the machine gauge,

and the final width of the tape yarns.

YARN FEED SYSTEMS

19

YARN FEEDING

Lieferwerke = feed units

Operating with feed units and a

creel

Using a creel is always recommended if

the yarn is wound on packages. The pakkages are mounted in the creel and the

exact amount required is fed via feed units

to the machine.

A variety of creels having different types of

package mountings are available. The size

of the creel and the number of package

positions will depend on the number of

yarns required.

The feed units are used to take-off the

yarns from the creel and feed the tape

yarns or monofilaments to the knitting point

at the correct tension. The number of feed

units used will depend on the number of

guide bars. Each feed position is driven

separately by means of a geared motor.

This process is extremely efficient, since

the packages can be used directly.

However, the fact that a creel takes up a

great deal of space must also be taken into

account.

Operating with feed units and

beam let-off frames

If the aim is to achieve longer running

times by using larger beams, the alternative is to position the beams on separate letoff frames rather than on a frame above

the machine. The beams that are mounted

on let-off frames are larger than standard

sectional warp beams.

They are arranged either in front of or

behind the machine. In this case, the yarns

are fed to the knitting machine via feed

units.

The feed units are used to take-off the

yarns from the beam let-off frames and to

feed the tape yarns or monofilaments to

the knitting point at the correct tension.

The number of feed units used will depend

on the number of guide bars. Each feed

position is driven separately by means of a

geared motor.

www.karlmayer.de

we care about your future

Germany

KARL MAYER Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH

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D-63179 Obertshausen

Tel. +49 6104 4020

Fax +49 6104 402 600

E-Mail: info@karlmayer.de

KARL MAYER MALIMO

Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH

Mauersbergerstraße 2, D-09117 Chemnitz

PF 713, D-09007 Chemnitz

Tel. +49 371 81430

Fax +49 371 8143110

E-Mail: info@karlmayer.de

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Tel. +39 0461 608611

Fax +39 0461 601790

E-Mail: info@karlmayerrotal.it

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Fukui-City, 918-8522

Tel. +81 776 54 5500

Fax +81 776 27 3400

E-Mail: info@nipponmayer.co.jp

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Changzhou City

Jiangsu Province, Postcode: 213161

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Fax +86 519 6190000

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UK

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Leic. LE 12 9HT

Tel. +44 1509 502056

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USA

KARL MAYER North America

Mayer Textile Machine Corp.

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Greensboro, North Carolina 27409

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