
Volume 36 Number3 February 10 2025
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海南医学第36卷第3期 2025年2月10日出版
目 次
论著
基础研究
S-烯丙基巯基半胱氨酸联合顺铂对结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用及对铁死亡的影响朱晓松,宋庆鑫,王丽萍,孙志清,袁淑清,彭善鑫,王凤玲(305)
临床研究
血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-对胃癌前病变与胃癌的联合鉴别诊断价值及与病情进展的关系邓亚男,谢媛媛,李文君,倪猛(311)
麝香保心丸治疗稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)的疗效及作用机制研究 张灵雁,闫付兴,朱春胜,郑玲玲(316)
血清Trx1、LECT2水平与妊娠糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能的关系..…王前,王翼华,王松,徐秋(322)
信迪利单抗联合TACE治疗晚期原发性肝癌的疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群的影响·张龙,岳爱民,段花玲(327)
持续低效血液透析联合血液灌注对脓毒症终末期肾脏病患者肾功能、血清PCT、KIM-1水平及预后的影响.…姜少利,闫国胜,李丽丽(332)
脑循环系统治疗仪辅助治疗偏执型精神分裂症的疗效与安全性研究·.张艳,高咏莉,邱松伟(337)
血清NCAM、Netrin-1在首发精神分裂症及与PANSS评分的相关性·.刘春晓,朱盼盼,余爱花,何磊(343)
两种针刀人路联合熏洗治疗跟骨骨刺综合征的临床疗效与安全性研究.张玉龙,张健,胡永召(347)
术前两步复位法结合HXN经皮椎弓根钉内固定术治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折的临床效果及安全性研究··王毅飞,王胜利,黄一琳,卢彦肖,张树东(353)
火龙罐综合灸联合虎符铜砭循经刮痧在寒湿痹阻型肩周炎患者中的应用.…刘青青,魏婷婷,李弯,董方圆,水根会,宋懿泽(360)
启宫丸汤联合奥利司他治疗肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征不孕的疗效与安全性研究李贺琦,赵爱丽(366)
腹横肌平面阻滞联合CSEA在有剖宫产史者再次剖宫产术中的应用樊磊,张小伟,吕志峰(371)
瑞马唑仑复合舒芬太尼在日间宫腔镜手术麻醉中的应用·.张晓玉,冯炎超,常超男,姜姗姗(377)
重症超声在多发伤合并失血性休克患者液体复苏中的应用 .….董家兵,吴豪杰,王丹,王玉东(381)
检验与临床
2型糖尿病肾病患者血清糖脂代谢指标、胱抑素C、同型半胱氨酸水平的变化及其临床意义
抗心力衰竭治疗前后NT-proBNP、PDGF联合Adropin改变率预测预后的效能研究刘洋,韩敏,曹雪明(391)
影像与临床
CTP全脑灌注成像参数预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑缺血复发的临床价值刘明,杨明贵,李定柯(396)
四维自动左室定量分析技术预测急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠脉介人术后心脏不良事件发生风险的价值…·张春霞,张银丽,崔智飞(402)
四维超声联合脐血流超声参数对高危孕妇胎儿宫内缺氧的诊断价值·范淑玉,郭蜜甜,邢丽丽,王雅娟(408)
短篇论著
去皮化股前外侧穿支皮瓣在头颈恶性肿瘤术后缺损重建中的应用…王建洪,胡珍,朱远志,龙盈,罗小邹,李军,罗剑,李雪梅,杨红梅(413)老年结直肠癌患者术后肺部并发症发生的影响因素.….徐向杨,梅菊香,张莉,刘金龙,尹永胜(417)智能化病人自控镇痛在择期剖宫产产妇术后的应用效果·.…. 黄锡强,袁炳林,刘瑾(421)
调查研究
终末期肾脏疾病维持性血液透析患者营养素养变化轨迹的影响因素调查 .刘小娜,岳晓红,王涛,韩智,邹兰兰,陈静,徐甜甜(425)
护理
萨提亚模式对冠心病支架植人患者术后恐惧疾病进展、应对方式及MACE风险的影响…徐燕,李丽莎,常维花,张洁(431)
“一病一品"护理方案在肝移植术患者围术期中的应用 ·薄婧,刘凤丽,海慧玲,郑珊(436)
基于雷达图的风险管理在肝癌TACE后肺部感染和癌因性疲乏防控中的应用·史晓玉,尚亚利,刘伟伟,申晶晶(441)
综述
超声内镜在儿童消化系统疾病诊治中的研究进展 李桂仙,田云粉(447)微种植钉辅助成人上颌快速扩弓的研究进展· 卢羽桐,雷勇华(452)
Contents
Original Articles
BasicResearch
Inhibitory effcts ofS-allylmercaptocysteine combined with cisplatin on colon cancer xenografts in nude mice and its effectonferroptosis ... ZHU Xio-song , SONG Qing-xin, WANG Li-ping, SUN Zhi-qing, YUAN Shu-qing, PENG Shan-xin, WANG Feng-ling (305)
ClinicalResearch
Value of serum TGF- β , CCL20, and \operatorname{IFN}{}-γ in combination for the differential diagnosis between precancerous lesions
and gastric cancer and their relationship with disease progression ... DENG Ya-nan, XIE Yuan-yuan, LI Wen-jun, NI Meng (311)
Efficacy and mechanisms of Shexiang Baoxin Pillin treating stable angina pectoris (cold coagulation heart pulse type) ·.................. ... ZHANG Ling-yan, YAN Fu-xing, ZHU Chun-sheng, ZHENG Ling-ling (316)
Relationship between serum Trx1, LECT2 levels and insulin resistance, islet cell function in patients with gestational
diabetes mellitus....... ... WANG Qian, WANG Yi-hua, WANG Song, XU Qiu (322)
Efficacy of sindilizumab combined with TACE in the treatment of advanced primary liver cancer and its effect on T
lymphocyte subsets ....... ZHANG Long,YUEAi-min,DUAN Hua-ling (327)
Effects of continuous low-efficiency hemodialysis combined with blood perfusion on renal function, serum PCT,
KIM-1 levels and prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease in sepsis ....... ..... JIANG Shao-li, YAN Guo--sheng, LI Li-li (332)
Efficacy and safety of cerebral circulatory system therapy device in the auxiliary treatment of paranoid schizophrenia . ZHANG Yan, GAO Yong-li, QIU Song-wei (337)
Expression of serum NCAM and Netrin-1 in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and their correlation with
PANSS scores· ... LIU Chun-xiao, ZHU Pan-pan, YU Ai-hua, HE Lei (343)
Clinical efficacy and safety of two needle-scalpel approaches combined with fumigation and washing for the treatment
of calcaneal bone spur syndrome .... ... ZHANG Yu-long, ZHANG Jian, HU Yong-zhao (347)
Clinical effect and safety of two-step reduction combined with HXN percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation for
the treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures ....WANGYi-fei,WANG Sheng-li,HUANGYi-lin,LUYan-xiao,ZHANG Shu-dong(353)
Application of Huolongguan comprehensive moxibustion combined with Hufu copper bi-stone meridian scraping therapy
in patients with shoulder periarthritis of cold-dampness and blockage type .. LIU Qing-qing, WEI Ting-ting, LI Wan, DONG Fang-uan, SHUIGen-hui, SONG Yi-ze (360)
Efficacy and safety of Qigongwan Soup combined with orlistat in the treatment of obesity-related polycystic ovary
syndrome infertility..... .. LI He-qi, ZHAOAi-li(366)
Application of transversus abdominis plane block combined with continuous spinal epidural anesthesia in cesarean
section for patients with previous cesarean section........ FAN Lei, ZHANG Xiao-wei, LV Zhi-feng (371)
Application of remazolam combined with sufentanil i anesthesia for daytime hysteroscopic surgery ... ZHANG Xiao-yu, FENG Yan-chao, CHANG Chao-nan, JIANG Shan-shan (377)
Application of critical care ultrasound in fluid resuscitation of patients with multiple injuries complicated with hemorrhagic
shock........ ... DONG Jiabing, WU Hao-jie, WANG Dan, WANG Yu-.dong (381)
Medical Laboratory and Clinic
Changes of serum glucose and lipid metabolism indexes, cystatin C, and homocysteine levels in patients with type 2
diabetic nephropathy and their clinical significance..... L Yan-min, ZHANG-wei, HU Yan-yan (386)
Predictive eficacy of NT-prP PGF, and Adropin change rate before and after anti-heart failue reatment for
prognosis·. ·LIUYang,HANMin,CAOXue-ming(391)
Medical Imaging and Clinic
Clinical valfwh-bran pusioparamterfprediting trurrfcrebralishianpats
with acute ischemic stroke ... ...LIU Ming,YANG Ming-gui, LI Ding-ke (396)
Value of four-dimensional automatic left ventricular quantitative analysis technology in predicting the risk of adverse
cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention ... ZHANG Chun-xia, ZHANG Yin-li, CUI Zhi-fei (402)
Diagnostic value of four-dimensional ultrasound combined with umbilical artery ultrasound parameters for intrauterine
hypoxia in high-risk pregnant women ........ FAN Shu--yu, GUO Mi-tian, XING Li-i, WANG Ya-juan (408)
Short Articles
Application of deskinned anterolateral thigh perforator flaps in the reconstruction of tisue defects after surgery for head
and neck malignant tumors ............. ... WANG Jian-hong, HU Zhen, ZHU Yuan-zhi,LONG Ying, LUO Xiao-zou, LI Jun, LUO Jian, LI Xue-mei, YANG Hong-mei (413)
Factors influencing the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients with colorectal cancer ·............. .. XU Xiang-yang, MEI Ju-xiang, ZHANG Li, LIU Jin-long, YIN Yong-sheng (417)
Application effect of intelligent patient-controlled analgesia after cesarean section ........................ ... HUANG Xi-qiang, YUAN Bing-lin, LIU Jin (421)
Investigation
Investigationaanalyisfiungfactors nthtrajtoryfnrtnalliterayhanginpatints with-tae
renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis ... LIU Xiao-na, YUE Xiao-hong, WANG Tao, HAN Zhi, ZOU Lan-lan, CHEN Jing, XU Tian-tian (425)
Nursing Reports
InfluencefatyaMl t fearfdieas prgressn, coing style and majradvereardivasulavents ik
of patients with coronary heart disease after stent implantation ... XU Yan, LI Li-sha, CHANG Wei-hua, ZHANG Jie (431)
Application of "one disease, one product nursing program i periperative perid of patints udergoing live
transplantation ....... .. BO Jing, LIU Feng-li, HAI Hui-ling, ZHENG Shan (436)
Application of risk management based on radar chart in the prevention and control of pulmonary infection and cancer-related
fatigue after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for liver cancer ... SHI Xiao--yu, SHANG Ya-li, LIU Wei.wei, SHEN Jing-jing (441)
Reviews
Progress of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases in children .. LI Gui-xian, TIAN Yun-fen (447)
Progress in the study of rapid maxillary arch expansion in adults assisted by micro-implant studs ... LU Yu-tong, LEI Yong-hua (452)
·论著·
S-烯丙基巯基半胱氨酸联合顺铂对结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用及对铁死亡的影响
朱晓松,宋庆鑫”,王丽萍,孙志清,袁淑清3,彭善鑫,王凤玲41.山东第二医科大学附属临沂市人民医院医院感染管理部,山东临沂276003;2.山东第二医科大学附属临沂市人民医院神经外科,山东临沂276003;3.济南市第一人民医院健康查体科,山东济南250000;4.山东第二医科大学附属临沂市人民医院医院办公室,山东临沂276003
【摘要】目的研究S-烯丙基硫基半胱氨酸(SAMC)联合顺铂(DDP)对人结肠癌HCT116细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法利用20只裸鼠建立人结肠癌HCT116细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,分为对照组、SAMC组、DDP组、SAMC ^{*+} DDP联用组,每组5只。记录各组裸鼠给药前后的体质量、肿瘤质量和肿瘤体积,评估移植瘤的体积大小、生长状况并分析抑瘤率;通过HE染色法观察裸鼠移植瘤组织的病理学改变;通过透射电子显微镜观察裸鼠移植瘤组织的铁死亡形态;通过生化比色法检测裸鼠移植瘤组织中谷胱甘肽(GSH)丙二醛(MDA)以及铁含量;通过免疫组织化学法检测裸鼠移植瘤组织中GPX4和TFR的表达。结果分别与对照组[(20.4{±}1.5)~g] 、SAMC组[ (21.6{±}0.6) g]和SAMC+DDP联用组[ [19.4{±}0.6] g]比较,DDP组裸鼠体质量[( 17.0{±}0.8 g]明显减小,差异有统计性意义 (P{<}0.05) 。分别与对照组 [(1~306.77{\scriptstyle±103.71})\;mm^{3}] 、SAMC组[ (731.19{±}89.03)\;mm^{3}] 和DDP组[ (698.76±65.02)\;mm^{3}] 比较,SAMC+DDP联用组肿瘤体积[ (432.78{±}43.00)mm^{3}] 明显减少,差异均具有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。分别与对照组 (1.31{\scriptstyle±0.06}) g]、SAMC组 [0.82{\scriptstyle±0.05}) g]和DDP组[ (0.73{\scriptstyle±0.03}) g]比较,SAMC ^+ DDP联用组肿瘤质量[ (0.39{±}0.05) g]明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。HE染色结果表明SAMC+DDP联用组裸鼠肿瘤坏死面积更大;透射电镜观察结果显示SAMC与DDP联用诱导肿瘤细胞超微结构发生了改变,铁死亡线粒体特征更明显。对照组、SAMC组、DDP组、SAMC+DDP联用组裸鼠GSH含量、MDA含量和铁含量分别 \mathfrak{f}(113.39±12.42)~ \mathfrak{g m o l/g p r o t} ,(80.27±3.90)~ \mathfrak{g m o l/g p r o t} ,(76.53±8.19)~ \mathfrak{g m o l/g p r o t} ,(62.53±5.51)~ \mathfrak{g m o l/g p r o t} , \left(0.35\{±0.11\}\right) )nmol/mgprot、 (0.35{\scriptstyle±0.11}) nmol/mgprot、 (0.95\{±0.10) nmol/mgprot、 (1.34±0.18) nmol/mgprot和( [0.32± 0.08) \upmug/mgprot ,(0.59±0.07) \upmug/mgprot ,(0.60±0.14) \upmug/mgprot ,(0.84±0.10) \upmug/mgprot , 分别与DDP组和SAMC组比较,SAMC+DDP联用组裸鼠GSH含量明显降低,MDA和铁含量明显升高,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。免疫组化结果显示,对照组、SAMC组、DDP组、SAMC+DDP联用组裸鼠肿瘤组织中GPX4和TFR的平均光密度值分别为211.23±10.19 .164.53±25.59 .160.61±15.08 .110.20±7.37 和 92.23±5.25 .119.74±7.69 .145.07±13.22 .173.96±13.89 , 分别与DDP组和SAMC组比较,SAMC+DDP联用组裸鼠明显降低了肿瘤组织中GPX4的表达,升高了TFR的表达水平,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。结论SAMC联合顺铂可能通过诱导肿瘤细胞铁死亡发挥抗结肠癌作用。
【关键词】人结肠癌HCT116细胞;雌性裸鼠;结肠癌;裸鼠;移植瘤;S-烯丙基巯基半胱氨酸;顺铂;铁死亡;作用机制
·】R-332 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1003—6350(2025)03-
Inhibitory effects of S-allylmercaptocysteine combined with cisplatin on colon cancer xenografts in nude mice and its effect on ferroptosis. ZHU Xiao-song ', SONG Qing-xin', WANG Li-ping ', SUN Zhi-qing', YUAN Shu-qing \*, PENG Shan-xin',WANG Feng-ling\*. 1. Department of Hospital Infection Management, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University,Linyi 276003, Shandong, CHINA; 2. Department of Neurosurgery,Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University,Linyi 276003,Shandong,CHINA;3.Health Examination Department,Jinan First People’s Hospital, Jinan 250000, Shandong,CHINA; 4.Department of Hospital Offce,LinyiPeople's Hospital, Shandong SecondMedicalUniversity,Linyi276003,Shandong,CHINA
【Abstract] Objective To study the effect of S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) combined with cisplatin (DDP) on the growth of human colon cancer HCT116 cells xenograft in nude mice, and to explore its possible mechanism.
Methods Twenty nude mice were used to establish the human colon cancer HCT116 cells xenograft in nude mice to establish a subcutaneouslyxenograft model.When the tumorvolumereached about 80\;mm^{3} ,the mice were randomly divided into control group, SAMC group, DDP group, and SAMC+DDP group, with 5 mice in each group. The body mass, tumor mass, and tumor volume of nude mice were recorded before and after administration.Then the size and growth of the xenograft and the tumor inhibition rate were analyzed. The pathological changes of xenograft tissue were observed by HE staining. The ferroptosis morphology of xenograft tissue in nude mice was observed by transmission electron microscope. The contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and iron in txenograftissues of nude mice were determined by biochemical colorimetry. The expression of GPX4 and TFR in xenograft tissues of nude mice was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The body mass of nude mice was (20.4±1.5) {\bf g} in the control group, (21.6{±}0.6) g in SAMC group, and ( 19.4{±}0.6) g in SAMC+DDP group, significantly higher than [17.0{±}0.8) \mathbf{g} in DDP group (P{<}0.05) The tumor volume was (1~306.77{±}103.71)mm^{3} in the control group, (731.19{\scriptstyle±89.03} mm^{3} in SAMC group, and (698.76± 65.02) mm^{3} in DDP group, significantly higher than (432.78{\scriptstyle±43.00})\mm inSAMC ^+ DDP group (P{<}0.05) . The tumor mass was (1.31{\scriptstyle±0.06}) {\bf g} in the control group, (0.82{\scriptstyle±0.05}) \mathbf{g} in SAMC group, and (0.73{\scriptstyle±0.03}) {\bf g} in DDP group, significantly higher than (0.39{\scriptstyle±0.05}) {\bf g} in SAMC ^+ DDP group (P{<}0.05) .HE staining showed that the necrotic area of tumor was larger in SAMC ^+ DDP group. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that the combination of SAMC and DDP induced ultrastructural changes of tumor cells, and the characteristics of ferroptosis mitochondria were more obvious. The GSH levels were ( 113.39{\scriptstyle±12.42} \sharpmol /gprot, (80.27{±}3.90) \sharpmol gprot, (76.53±8.19) \upmumol /gprot, (62.53{\scriptstyle±5.51} \ensuremath{ \mumol}, gprot in the control group,SAMC group, DDP group, and SAMC+DDP group, respectively; MDA levels were \left.0.35{±}0.11\right⟩ )nmol/mgprot, (0.35{\scriptstyle±0.11} )nmol/mgprot, (0.95{\scriptstyle±0.10}) )nmol/mgprot,( (1.34{±}0.18) nmol/mgprot,respectively; iron levels were (0.32{\scriptstyle±0.08}) \sharp\Sigma^{\sharp} mgprot,( [0.59{\scriptstyle±0.07} \upmug/ mgprot, (0.60±0.14) mug/ mgprot, (0.84{±}0.10) μg/mgprot, respectively; compared with those in DDP group or SAMC group, GSH content was significantly decreased and MDA and iron content was significantly increased in SAMC ^{+} DDP group (P{<}0.05) . Immunohistochemical results showed that the average optical density values of GPX4 in tumor tissues of control group, SAMC group, DDP group, and SAMC ^{*+} DDP group were 211.23{\scriptstyle±10.19} , 164.53{\scriptstyle±25.59} , 160.61{\scriptstyle±15.08} 110.20{\scriptstyle±7.37} , respectively, and the average optical density values of TFR were 92.23±5.25 119.74{±}7.69 145.07±13.22 173.96{\scriptstyle±13.89} ,respectively; compared with DDP group or SAMC group, SAMC ^+ DDP group had significantly decreased GPX4 expression and increased TFR expression level in tumor tissues (P{<}0.05) . ConclusionSAMC combined with cisplatin may have anti-colon cancer effect by inducing ferroptosis of tumor cells.
【Key words】 Human colon cancer HCT116 cells; Female nude mice; Colon cancer; Nude mice; Xenograft; S-all-ylmercaptocysteine; Cisplatin;Ferroptosis;Action mechanism
结肠癌是消化系统中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率逐年上升,并且发病年龄逐渐趋向年轻化,已成为全球第三大常见癌症以及第二大癌症死亡原因"。尽管化疗依然是结肠癌治疗的主要手段之一,但化疗药物的副作用较大且复发率较高,严重影响患者的生存质量"。顺铂作为一种广泛应用于临床的化疗药物,能够通过干扰DNA合成、抑制细胞增殖等多种机制发挥抗肿瘤作用。然而,顺铂的毒副作用特别是肾毒性,严重限制了其临床应用3。因此,寻找一种能够增强顺铂疗效并降低毒副作用的治疗策略成为当前的研究重点。
S-烯丙基巯基半胱氨酸(SAMC)是一种水溶性的有机硫化物,也是大蒜中主要的有效活性成分。研究发现,SAMC可通过阻滞细胞周期和诱导细胞凋亡等机制抑制结肠癌生长。此外,SAMC还能减轻顺铂诱导的肾损伤"。但两者联用对结肠癌的作用及机制研究尚未有报道。铁死亡是一种新的程序性细胞死亡方式,以铁依赖性脂质过氧化为特征,已成为结肠癌治疗的重要靶点。因此,本研究通过构建结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,探讨SAMC与顺铂联合使用对裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用以及对铁死亡的影响,为SAMC与顺铂联用抗结肠癌提供理论及实验依据。
1材料与方法
1.1细胞与动物人结肠癌HCT116细胞购自中国科学院上海细胞库,采用RPMI-1640培养基(含 10% 胎牛血清),于 37 % 5%{\bf C O}_{2} 的培养箱中进行细胞培养。20只雌性裸鼠(BALB/c,nude mice,SPF级),6\~8周龄, 18~20\ g ,购自济南朋悦实验动物繁育有限公司,许可证号SCXK(鲁)20190003,批号:1103222011001667。饲养于山东大学实验动物中心,SPF级独立通风屏障系统。所有动物实验过程均符合山东大学实验动物伦理审查的基本要求。
1.2重要试剂SAMC由山东大学药学院药物制剂与释药系统研究中心合成,纯度 ~95% 。顺铂冻干粉(国药准字H20023460)购自山东齐鲁制药有限公司;RPMI-1640培养基(货号:01-104-1A)、胎牛血清(货号:04-007-1A)购自BI公司;胰蛋白酶(货号:T1300)、丙二醛(MDA)含量检测试剂盒(货号:
BC0025)、细胞铁含量检测试剂盒(货号:BC5315)购自北京索莱宝公司;谷胱甘肽(GSH)测定试剂盒(货号:A006-2-1)购自南京建成生物工程研究所;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4,货号:67763-1-lg)、转铁蛋白受体(TFR,货号:10084-2-AP)购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司。
1.3重要仪器SpectraMaxM5酶标仪(Molecu-larDevices公司);倒置荧光显微镜(ECLIPSETi-S,日本尼康公司),普通光学显微镜(型号:CKX53SF,日本Olympus公司);HT7800/HT7700透射电子显微镜(HI-TACHI公司)。
1.4研究方法
1.4.1HCT-116细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型的建立、分组和给药取指数生长期的HCT116细胞,胰酶消化后,采用生理盐水调整细胞浓度至 2x10^{7} 个/mL,接种于裸鼠右前肢腋下, 100~\upmuL/ 只,接种20只裸鼠。待肿瘤体积长至约 80~mm^{3} 时,随机分为对照组、SAMC组、DDP组、SAMC ^+ DDP联用组,每组5只裸鼠。对照组每日腹腔注射 0.9% 生理盐水;SAMC组每日腹腔注射 40\;mg/kg SAMC;DDP组每5d腹腔注射5~mg/kg 顺铂;SAMC+DDP联用组,每日腹腔注射40~mg/kg SAMC ^+ 每5d腹腔注射 5~mg/kg 顺铂;共给药 20\;d
1.4.2测量裸鼠肿瘤体积和质量每3d采用游标卡尺测量并记录瘤块的长径(a)和短径(b),对裸鼠称重并记录其体质量。肿瘤体积利用公式 \scriptstyleV=0.5x\mathbf{a}x\mathbf{b}^{2} 计算。抑瘤率=(1-实验组平均瘤重/对照组平均瘤重 x100% 。给药20d后,摘取眼球取血,并处死裸鼠。取肿瘤并称重,一部分组织采用 4% 多聚甲醛中固定,用于石蜡包埋;其余组织经液氮速冻后置于 -80 °C 冰箱中保存备用。
1.4.3观察裸鼠移植瘤病理组织将石蜡包埋的肿瘤组织切成 4~{\upmum} 的切片,之后脱蜡至水,再经苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,脱水封片,然后在显微镜下观察。
1.4.4检测裸鼠移植瘤细胞的铁死亡情况将肿瘤组织用手术刀在含有固定液的培养皿中进行切割成横切面为 1~2~mm^{2} 的长条状,放人含电镜固定液的EP管内继续固定, 4 °C 固定保存,送至武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司进行超薄切片,采用透射电子显微镜观察铁死亡形态。
1.4.5测定裸鼠移植瘤组织中GSH、MDA和铁含量按组织质量(g)分别加人各试剂盒中提取液(1:10) ,低温匀浆后, 8 000{x}g 4 °C 离心 10\;min ,吸取上清液,根据试剂盒说明书检测裸鼠瘤组织中GSH、MDA和铁的含量。
1.4.6检测瘤体中GPX4和TFR的表达对 GPX4和TFR进行免疫组织化学法染色。将肿瘤组织 切片进行脱蜡和脱水处理,用 0.3% 过氧化氢 \left(H_{2}O_{2}\right) 孵 育 25~min 后磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)冲洗切片,将洗净的 切片转移至柠檬酸盐抗原修复液中,高压加热,冷却 至室温后用 3% 牛血清白蛋白(BSA)室温封闭 30\;min , 然后加人一抗于 4% 避光孵育过夜。去除一抗加人辣 根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的二抗,室温孵育 50~min 切片经二氨基联苯胺(DAB)显色,苏木素复染,脱水, 中性树脂封片,于显微镜下观察GPX4和TFR的表达。
1.5统计学方法应用GraphPadPrism8.0软件进行数据统计分析。计量资料符合正态分布,以均数 ± 标准差 (\overline{{x}}± s) 表示,多组样本间比较采用单因素方差分析(One-wayANOVA),两组间比较采用独立样本t检验。以 P{<}0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1四组裸鼠的体质量、肿瘤体积、肿瘤质量与抑瘤率比较给药结束后,DDP组裸鼠较其他各组体质量明显减小,差异有统计性意义 (P{<}0.05) ,而其他各组裸鼠的体质量变化不明显,差异无统计学意义( \scriptstyle P> 0.05)。给药结束后,与对照组比较,各组裸鼠肿瘤体积明显减小,其中SAMC+DDP联用组裸鼠的肿瘤体积与DDP组或SAMC组比较明显减小,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。与对照组比较,各组裸鼠肿瘤质量明显降低,与DDP组或SAMC组比较,SAMC+DDP联用组肿瘤质量明显降低,差异均有统计性意义 (P< 0.05),见表1。SAMC组抑瘤率为 37.40% ,DDP组抑瘤率为 44.27% ,SAMC+DDP联用组抑瘤率为 70.23%
表1四组裸鼠的体质量、肿瘤体积、肿瘤质量比较 (\overline{{{x}}}±{s} ,n=5)
组别 | 体质量(g) | 肿瘤体积(mm) | 肿瘤质量(g) | ||
开始 | 结束 | 开始 | 结束 | ||
对照组 | 20.6±1.1 | 20.4±1.5 | 80.51±6.13 | 1 306.77±103.71 | 1.31±0.06 |
SAMC组 | 20.2±0.8 | 21.6±0.6 | 80.19±13.68 | 731.19±89.03* | 0.82±0.05 |
DDP组 | 20.5±1.0 | 17.0±0.8** | 87.83±6.40 | 698.76±65.02 | 0.73±0.03* |
SAMC+DDP联用组 | 19.8±0.5 | 19.4±0.6 | 79.78±5.32 | 432.78±43.00*b | 0.39±0.05ak |
F值 | 0.843 | 22.760 | 1.007 | 109.438 | 61.875 |
P值 | 0.490 | 0.001 | 0.415 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
2.2四组裸鼠肿瘤组织的病理学形态比较对照组裸鼠肿瘤组织病理学形态显示细胞排列紧密,细胞形态呈不规则。SAMC组和DDP组肿瘤组织出现细胞坏死,而SAMC+DDP联用组细胞坏死更为彻底,见图1。

图1四组裸鼠肿瘤组织的病理学形态比较(HE, x200)
2.3四组裸鼠肿瘤组织的超微结构比较利用透射电镜观察肿瘤组织线粒体形态的改变。如图2红色箭头所示,各给药组裸鼠可诱导肿瘤细胞超微结构发生改变,包括线粒体外膜破裂,线粒体体积变小,线粒体减少。SAMC+DDP联用组裸鼠铁死亡线粒体特征更明显,提示SAMC与顺铂联用可能通过促进铁死亡来抑制结肠癌生长。
2.4四组裸鼠肿瘤组织中GSH、MDA和铁含量比较与对照组比较,各给药组裸鼠GSH含量降低,MDA和铁含量升高;除SAMC组MDA含量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) 外,其余各组间比较差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。分别与DDP组和SAMC组比较, \scriptstyleSAMC+DDP 联用组GSH含量明显降低,MDA和铁含量明显升高,差异均有统计学意义
2.5四组裸鼠肿瘤组织中GPX4和TFR的表达水平比较图3结果显示,与对照组比较,各给药组裸鼠GPX4表达降低,TFR表达增加,SAMC ^+ DDP联用组作用最为显著。分别与DDP组和SAMC组比较,SAMC+DDP联用组裸鼠明显减少GPX4蛋白阳性表达的细胞数量,提高铁转运相关蛋白TFR阳性表达的细胞数量。表3结果显示,与对照组比较,各给药组裸鼠GPX4平均光密度值明显降低,TFR平均光密度值明显升高,差异有统计学意义 (P< 0.05)。分别与DDP组和SAMC组比较,SAMC ^+ DDP联用组裸鼠GPX4平均光密度值均明显降低,TFR平均光密度值均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05)
组别 | GSH (μmol/gprot) | MDA (nmol/mgprot) | 铁含量(μg/mgprot) |
对照组 | 113.39±12.42 | 0.35±0.11 | 0.32±0.08 |
SAMC组 | 80.27±3.90 | 0.95±0.11 | 0.59±0.07 |
DDP组 | 76.53±8.19* | 0.95±0.10* | 0.60±0.14° |
SAMC+DDP联用组 | 62.53±5.51b | 1.34±0.18a | 0.84±0.10b |
F值 | 34.765 | 50.499 | 22.178 |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Note: The red arrow represents mitochondrial morphological changes such as the rupture of the mitochondrial outer membrane, the reduction of mitochondrial volume, and the reduction of mitochondrial ridge.

图2四组裸鼠肿瘤组织的超微结构比较 \mathbf{(x1000)}

图3四组裸鼠肿瘤组织中GPX4和TFR的表达水平比较(x400)
组别 | GPX4 | TFR |
对照组 | 211.23±10.19 | 92.23±5.25 |
SAMC组 | 164.53±25.59* | 119.74±7.69* |
DDP组 | 160.61±15.08 | 145.07±13.22* |
SAMC+DDP联用组 | 110.20±7.37** | 173.96±13.89* |
F值 | 32.773 | 53.706 |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
3讨论
结肠癌是全球第三大常见的恶性肿瘤,给社会和经济带来了重大负担。目前,结肠癌的治疗方法主要包括手术、化疗、放疗和免疫治疗。顺铂是常用的化疗药物,具有显著的抗肿瘤效果。然而,顺铂的耐药性和肾毒性限制了其临床应用。SAMC是大蒜中的主要活性成分之一,对多种肿瘤具有良好的抑制作用。前期研究表明,SAMC不仅可以抑制结肠癌的生长,还能够减轻顺铂诱导的肾损伤。因此,本研究通过构建裸鼠皮下结肠癌移植瘤模型,探索SAMC联合顺铂对结肠癌的抑制作用及机制。本研究发现,SAMC联合顺铂可以显著抑制结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长,诱导肿瘤组织细胞坏死,其效果优于单独给药。与对照组比较,DDP组的小鼠体质量明显下降,而SAMC+DDP联用组体质量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,表明SAMC与顺铂联用在抑制结肠癌生长的同时还能够减轻顺铂的毒副作用。
铁死亡是一种由铁依赖性脂质过氧化积累介导的细胞死亡方式,在多种癌症的发生发展中起着关键作用?。在形态上,铁死亡细胞表现出典型的坏死特征,如线粒体缩小、线粒体减少、膜密度增加和外膜破裂等"。在机制上,细胞在酯氧合酶或二价铁的作用下,催化细胞膜上高表达的不饱和脂肪酸发生脂质过氧化,产生活性氧(ROS),进而引发细胞死亡-。GSH/GPX4作为铁死亡的调控通路之一,主要发挥抗氧化作用I2-13。研究发现,降低GSH水平或使GPX4失活可以诱导结肠癌细胞发生铁死亡,从而有助于结肠癌的临床治疗;相反,抑制铁死亡可能导致结肠癌肿瘤进展和化疗耐药性[4-1。因此,靶向调控铁死亡是结肠癌治疗的重要策略。本研究通过透射电镜观察发现SAMC与顺铂联用后肿瘤细胞线粒体外膜破裂,线粒体体积变小,线粒体明显减少,提示SAMC联合顺铂可诱导结肠癌细胞铁死亡。MDA作为脂质过氧化的终产物,可以反映机体脂质过氧化的程度。GSH是人体内主要的抗氧化剂之一,GSH的缺失会导致GPX4的失活,造成细胞内ROS大量累积,最终导致铁死亡的发生"。本研究结果显示,SAMC与顺铂联用显著增加了MDA含量,降低了GSH和GPX4的表达,进一步证实了SAMC与顺铂联用可诱导结肠癌细胞铁死亡,与形态学结果一致。
在铁死亡过程中,铁的异常积累被认为是导致细胞死亡的重要因素之一[8-",维持铁稳态在铁死亡的调控过程中具有重要作用。TFR(transferrin receptor)是一种细胞表面受体,可与铁载体蛋白转铁蛋白(transferrin)高亲和力结合。TFR在细胞摄取铁离子的过程中起到重要的作用,它可以调节细胞对铁的摄取和代谢,从而影响细胞内铁离子水平和铁死亡的发生"。在本研究中,SAMC与顺铂联用显著增加了肿瘤组织中铁的含量以及TFR蛋白的表达,提示SAMC与顺铂联用可通过调控铁代谢发挥抗结肠癌作用。
综上所述,SAMC联合顺铂能够显著抑制结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长,其作用机制可能与诱导结肠癌细胞发生铁死亡有关。本研究为SAMC与顺铂联用治疗结肠癌提供了一定的新思路,但SAMC联合顺铂诱导结肠癌铁死亡的具体机制以及能否应用于临床仍有待于后续更加深入的研究。
参考文献
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·论著·
血清TGF-β、CCL20、IFN-对胃癌前病变与胃癌的联合鉴别诊断价值及与病情进展的关系
邓亚男,谢媛媛,李文君²,倪猛!1.南阳市中心医院消化内科一病区,河南南阳473000;2.南阳市中心医院科研科,河南南阳473000
【摘要】目的探讨血清转化生长因子 -β (TGF{-}β) 、CC趋化因子配体20(CCL20)、干扰素 (IFN{-}γ) 对胃癌前病变与胃癌的联合鉴别诊断价值及与病情进展的关系。方法选取2020年8月至2023年1月南阳市中心医院收治的103例胃癌患者作为癌变组,103例胃癌前病变患者作为癌前病变组,比较两组患者的血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN{\rightarrow}γ 水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-对胃癌前病变与胃癌的诊断价值,采用相对危险度分析血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-与胃癌发生风险的关系,并比较癌变组不同病理特征患者的血清TGF- β CCL20、IFN-水平,采用Spearman相关系数分析血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-与胃癌病理特征的相关性。结果癌变组患者的血清TGF- β 、CCL20水平分别为 (40.78\substack{±6.44}) pg/mL ,(44.53\substack{±9.18}) pg/mL ,明显高于癌前病变组的 (31.19± 4.81) pg/mL ,(33.76\substack{±6.47}) pg/mL ,IFN-y水平为 (31.47{±}10.03)\;\upmug/L ,明显低于癌前病变组的 (50.68{±}16.22)~\upmug/L ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-诊断胃癌前病变与胃癌的AUC为0.796、0.806、0.810,联合诊断的AUC为0.905,敏感度为 84.47% ,特异度为 83.50% ,明显优于各指标单独诊断( P< 0.05);相对危险度分析结果显示,血清TGF- β 、CCL20B高表达患者的胃癌发生风险分别是低表达患者的2.758倍、3.101倍, \operatorname{IFN}{\}-γ 低表达患者胃癌发生风险是高表达患者的2.668倍,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;临床分期Ⅲ\~IV期患者血清TGF- β 、CCL20水平明显高于I~Ⅱ期患者, \operatorname{IFN}-γ 水平明显低于I~Ⅱ期患者,差异均有统计学意义(P{<}0.05) ;有淋巴结转移患者血清TGF- β 、CCL20水平高于无淋巴结转移患者, IFN{\rightarrow}γ 水平明显低于无淋巴结转移患者,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;低分化患者血清TGF- β 、CCL20水平明显高于中高分化患者,IFN-y水平明显低于中高分化患者,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;Spearman相关性分析结果显示,血清TGF- β 、CCL20与胃癌临床分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关 (P{<}0.05) ,与分化程度呈负相关 (P{<}0.05) ,IFN-与胃癌临床分期、淋巴结转移呈负相关(P{<}0.05) ,与分化程度呈正相关 (P{<}0.05) 。结论血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-可作为胃癌前病变与胃癌的辅助诊断指标,联合诊断价值较好,且均与胃癌病理进展密切相关,能为临床诊治提供相关信息。
【关键词】胃癌;胃癌前病变;转化生长因子 β;C C 趋化因子配体20;干扰素 γ ;诊断价值;病理特征 【中图分类号】R735.2 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1003—6350(2025)03—0311—06
ValueofserumTGF- ±b{β} CCL20,and \scriptstyle\mathbf{IFN}-γ in combinationfor the differential diagnosisbetween precancerous lesions and gastric cancer and their relationship with disease progression. DENG Ya-nan ', XIE Yuan-yuan ', L I Wen-jun^,NIMeng'Department of Gastroenterology'Department of Scientifc Research, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang47300o,Henan,CHINA
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore the value of serum transforming growth factor β (TGF- -β ),CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), and interferon-( IFN{-}γ )in combination for the differential diagnosis of precancerous lesions and gastric cancer, as well as their relationship with disease progression. Methods A total of 103 patients with gastric cancer from August 2020 to January 2023 in Nanyang Central Hospital were selected as the cancer group, and 103 patients with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer were selected as the precancerous lesion group.The levels of serum TGF- β CCL20, and \operatorname{IFN}{\}-γ of patients were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnosticvalue of serumTGF -β ,CCL20, and IFN{-}γ for precancerous lesions and gastric cancer. Relative risk analysis was used to analyze the relationship between serum levels of TGF -β ,CCL20, and \operatorname{IFN}{\}-γ and the risk of gastric cancer. The levels of serum TGF- β CCL20, and \operatorname{IFN}-γ were compared among patients with different pathological characteristics in the cancer group. The correlation between serum TGF- -β CCL20, IFN{-}γ and pathological characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient. Results The levels of serum TGF- β and CCL20 in the cancer group were (40.78{±}6.44)\;pg/mL and (44.53{±}9.18)\;pg/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than (31.19{±}4.81 \mathsf{p g/m L} and (33.76{±}6.47)~pg/mL in the precancerous lesion group, respectively; the level of \operatorname{IFN}{}-γ was 31.47{±}10.03~\upmug/L which was significantly lower than 50.68{±}16.22~\upmug/L in the precancerous lesion group; the differences were statistically significant (P{<}0.05) . ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of serum TGF- β CCL20, and IFN{\rightarrow}γ for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions and gastric cancer was 0.796, 0.806, and 0.810, respectively. The AUC of TGF- β CCL20, and \operatorname{IFN}{}-γ in combination for diagnosis was 0.905,with a sensitivity of 84.47% and a specificity of 83.50% ,which was significantly better than each indicator alone (P{<}0.05) .The relative risk analysis showed that the risk of gastric cancer in patients with high expression of serum TGF- -β and _CCL20β was 2.758 times and 3.101 times higher than that in patients with low expression, respectively. The risk of gastric cancer in patients with low expression of \operatorname{IFN}-γ was 2.668 times higher than that in patients with high expression, with statistically significant differences (P{<}0.05) .The levels of serum TGF- β and CCL20 in patients with clinical stage IMl-IV were significantly higher than those in patients with clinical stage ~I~-~II ,while the level of IFN{-}γ was significantly lower than that in patients with clinical stage ~I~^{-} II ,with statistically significant differences (P{<}0.05) . The levels of serum TGF- β and CCL20 in patients with lymph node metastasis were higher than those in patients without lymph node metastasis, while the level of IFN{-}γ was significantly lower than that in patients without lymph node metastasis,with statistically significant differences (P{<}0.05) .The levels of serum TGF- β and CCL20 in poorly differentiated patients were significantly higher than those in moderately and highly differentiated patients, while the level of IFN{-}γ was significantly lower than that in moderately and highly differentiated patients,with statistically significant differences (P{<}0.05) .Spearman correlation analysis revealed that serum levels of TGF- β and CCL20 were positively correlated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer (P{<}0.05) ,whilenegatively correlated with differentiation degree (P{<}0.05) \operatorname{IFN}{\}-γ was negatively correlated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer (P{<}0.05) ,while positively correlated with differentiation degree (P{<}0.05) . Conclusion Serum TGF- β CCL20, and \operatorname{IFN}-γ can be used as auxiliary diagnostic indicators for distinguishing precancerous lesions from gastric cancer, with good combined diagnostic value. All of them are closely related to the pathological progression of gastric cancer, providing relevant information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
【Key words】 Gastric cancer; Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer; Transforming growth factor β (TGF -β );CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20); Interferon-y (IFN{-}γ) ;Diagnosticvalue;Pathologicalfeatures
胃癌是临床常见消化系统恶性肿瘤之一,全世界范围内每年新发胃癌病例占所有恶性肿瘤新发病例的 7.8% ,死亡率占恶性肿瘤相关死亡的 9.7% ,严重危害人类生命安全"-2。目前,临床普遍认为胃癌发生发展的机制较为复杂,除了传统的肿瘤标志物之外,还应关注其他非传统意义上的血清学标志物,以帮助开展胃癌诊治工作。转化生长因子 β (TGF β 是一种生长因子,具有诱导上皮-间质转化转移、维持肿瘤干细胞稳态及促进肿瘤生长作用3。CC趋化因子配体20(CCL20)是CC趋化因子受体6(CCR6)的唯一配体,广泛参与细胞生长和凋亡过程,被证实与消化肿瘤发生有关"。干扰素 γ (IFN-)属于免疫调节因子,在炎症反应和免疫应答中发挥重要作用,能够影响肿瘤细胞的生长"。故推测血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-具有诊断胃癌前病变与胃癌作用,但仍缺乏充足的循证依据。本研究拟探讨血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-对胃癌前病变与胃癌的联合鉴别诊断价值及与病情进展的关系,以期为临床提供理论佐证。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料选取2020年8月至2023年1月南阳市中心医院收治的103例胃癌患者作为癌变组,103例胃癌前病变患者作为癌前病变组进行前瞻性研究。纳人标准:(1)均经胃镜病理检查证实胃癌或胃癌前病变;(2)癌变组均符合胃癌诊断标准;(3)癌前病变组均符合胃癌前病变诊断标准";(4)均为首次确诊;(5)均未接受任何抗肿瘤治疗;(6患者均签订知情同意书。排除标准:(1)合并其他感染者;(2)既往有胃部手术史者;(3)存在免疫功能缺陷者;(4)心肝肾等重要脏器功能不全者;(5)合并其他部位癌前病变或恶性肿瘤者;(6)参与本研究前2周内接受质子泵抑制剂、激素、免疫抑制剂等影响指标水平的相关药物者;(7)属于复发性胃癌者。两组患者的一般临床资料比较差异均无统计学意义 (P>0.05) ,具有可比性,见表1。本研究经本院医学伦理委员会审核批准(伦理编号:20241015081)。
组别 | 例数 | 性别 | 年龄(岁) | 体质量指数(kg/m) | Hp阳性 | 胃癌家族史 | 吸烟史 | 饮酒史 | |
男 | 女 | ||||||||
癌变组 | 103 | 55 (53.40) | 48 (46.60) | 50.37±5.81 | 21.85±1.36 | 88 (85.44) | 13 (12.62) | 59 (57.28) | 54 (52.43) |
癌变病变组 | 103 | 57 (55.34) | 46 (44.66) | 50.09±5.34 | 21.65±1.42 | 85 (82.52) | 11 (10.68) | 61 (59.22) | 55 (53.40) |
xht值 | 0.078 | 0.360 | 1.032 | 0.325 | 0.189 | 0.080 | 0.020 | ||
P值 | 0.780 | 0.719 | 0.303 | 0.569 | 0.664 | 0.778 | 0.889 |
1.2检测方法于所有患者人院次日清晨采集空腹静脉血 3~mL ,离心处理,离心半径为 10~cm ,离心速率为 3 500 r/min ,时间为 15 \min ,取血清,保存于 -80 °C 冰箱内,备用。采用i6000全自动化学发光仪(迈克医疗电子有限公司)及配套试剂盒以化学发光法检测血清TGF- β 、CCL20水平,VarioskanLUX全自动酶标仪(美国ThermoFisherScientific公司)及配套试剂盒以酶联免疫吸附法检测血清 \operatorname{IFN}-γ 水平,所有操作均遵循说明书。
1.3观察指标(1)比较两组患者的血清TGF- β CCL20、IFN-水平;(2)分析血清TGF- β 、CCL20、\operatorname{IFN}-γ 检测对胃癌前病变与胃癌的诊断价值;(3)分析血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-在胃癌前病变与胃癌中的危险度;(4)比较癌变组不同病理特征患者的血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-水平;(5)分析血清TGF- β CCL20、IFN-水平与胃癌病理特征的关系。
1.4统计学方法应用SPSS27.0版统计软件分析数据。计量资料符合正态分布,以均数 ± 标准差 (\overline{{x}}±{s}) 表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;计数资料比较采用x检验;诊断价值采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析;危险度采用相对危险度(RR)分析;相关性采用Spear-man相关性分析。以 P{<}0.05 表示差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者的血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-水平比较癌变组患者的血清TGF- β 、CCL20水平明显高于癌前病变组, \operatorname{IFN}-γ 水平明显低于癌前病变组患者,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表2。
组别 | 例数 | TGF-β(pg/mL) | CCL20 (pg/mL) | IFN- (μg/L) |
癌变组 | 103 | 40.78±6.44 | 44.53±9.18 | 31.47±10.03 |
癌前病变组 | 103 | 31.19±4.81 | 33.76±6.47 | 50.68±16.22 |
t值 | 12.108 | 9.732 | 10.223 | |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
2.2血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-检测对胃癌前病变与胃癌的诊断价值ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清TGF β 诊断胃癌前病变与胃癌的AUC为0.796,最佳截断值为 35.32~pg/mL ,敏感度为 71.84% ,特异度为75.73% ;CCL20诊断胃癌前病变与胃癌的AUC为0.806,最佳截断值为 38.04~pg/mL ,敏感度为 71.84% ,特异度为 81.55% IFN{-}γ 诊断胃癌前病变与胃癌的AUC为0.810,最佳截断值为 38.78~\upmug/L ,敏感度为66.99% ,特异度为 80.58% ,见图1;将血清TGF- β CCL20、IFN-y进行Logistic二元回归拟合,获取联合诊断胃癌前病变与胃癌的AUC为0.905,敏感度为84.47% ,特异度为 83.50% ,诊断价值高于各指标单独诊断 (P{<}0.05) ,见图2。

Figure 1Diagnostic value of serum TGF- _{β} CCL20, \mathbf{IFN}{-}γ in gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer

Figure2ROC curve of serumTGF- _{β} ,CCL20, \scriptstyle\mathbf{IFN}-γ in combination for diagnosing precancerous lesions and gastriccancer
2.3血清TGF- β 、CCL20、 IFN{-}_{γ} 在胃癌前病变与胃癌中的危险度根据ROC曲线获取的血清TGF- β CCL20、IFN-y最佳截断值分为低表达与高表达。血清TGF- β 高表达患者胃癌发生风险是低表达患者的2.758倍,CCL20高表达患者胃癌发生风险是低表达患者的3.101倍,IFN-低表达患者胃癌发生风险是高表达患者的2.668倍,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表3。
2.4癌变组不同病理特征患者的血清TGF- β CCL20、IFN-y水平比较癌变组不同年龄、性别、肿 瘤直径患者血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-水平比较差异 均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;临床分期Ⅲ\~IV期患者血清 TGF- β 、CCL20水平明显高于 \begin{array}{r}{I~II}\end{array} 期患者, IFN{-}γ 水 平明显低于 \mathbf{l}~\mathbf{I}\mathbf{I} 期患者,差异均有统计学意义 \scriptstyle P< 0.05);有淋巴结转移患者血清TGF- β 、CCL20水平高 于无淋巴结转移患者, \operatorname{IFN}{\}-γ 水平明显低于无淋巴结 转移患者,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;低分化患者 血清TGF- β 、CCL20水平明显高于中高分化患者, IFN{-}γ 水平明显低于中高分化患者,差异均有统计学 意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表4。
lesionsandgastriccancer | |||||
指标 | 癌变组 | 癌前病变组 | RR (95% CI) | U值 | P值 |
TGF-β | (n=103) | (n=103) | 2.758 (1.980~3.841) | 4.832 | 0.001 |
高表达 | 74 | 25 | |||
低表达 | 29 | 78 | |||
CCL20 | 3.101 (2.228~4.314) | 5.445 | 0.001 | ||
高表达 | 74 | 19 | |||
低表达 | 29 | 84 | |||
IFN- | 2.668 (1.968~3.617) | 4.873 | 0.001 | ||
低表达 | 69 | 20 | |||
高表达 | 34 | 83 |
病理特征 | 例数 | TGF-β (pg/mL) | CCL20(pg/mL)IFN-y(μg/L) | |
年龄(岁) | ||||
09> | 49 | 37.02±6.12 | 40.87±8.50 | 31.22±9.25 |
≥60 | 54 | 36.56±5.95 | 40.22±9.04 | 31.70±9.68 |
t值 | 0.387 | 0.375 | 0.257 | |
P值 | 0.700 | 0.709 | 0.798 | |
性别 | ||||
男 | 65 | 36.85±6.04 | 40.69±8.23 | 31.38±8.97 |
女 | 38 | 36.66±5.82 | 40.26±9.11 | 31.62±9.34 |
t值 | 0.156 | 0.246 | 0.129 | |
P值 | 0.876 | 0.806 | 0.898 | |
肿瘤直径(cm) | ||||
<3 | 59 | 36.41±5.75 | 40.20±8.63 | 31.72±9.12 |
≥3 | 44 | 37.28±6.01 | 40.97±9.06 | 31.13±9.48 |
t值 | 0.745 | 0.439 | 0.319 | |
P值 | 0.458 | 0.662 | 0.750 | |
临床分期 | ||||
I~Ⅱ期 | 36 | 34.20±4.08 | 35.57±6.94 | 36.23±7.71 |
Ⅲ~IV期 | 67 | 38.17±5.19 | 43.20±8.05 | 28.91±8.35 |
t值 | 3.974 | 4.806 | 4.355 | |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
淋巴结转移 | ||||
无 | 63 | 34.13±5.34 | 36.32±8.16 | 35.40±8.29 |
有 | 40 | 40.95±5.88 | 47.16±9.03 | 25.28±9.12 |
t值 | 6.073 | 6.303 | 5.807 | |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
分化程度 | ||||
中高分化 | 61 | 33.85±5.71 | 36.90±8.22 | 36.02±8.71 |
低分化 | 42 | 41.04±6.12 | 45.80±9.07 | 24.86±9.86 |
t值 | 6.099 | 5.176 | 6.054 | |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
2.5血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-与胃癌病理特征的关系Spearman相关性分析结果显示,血清TGF- β 、CCL20与胃癌临床分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关 (P{<}0.05) ,与分化程度呈负相关 (P{<}0.05) ,IFN-与胃癌临床分期、淋巴结转移呈负相关 (P{<}0.05) ,与分化程度呈正相关 (P{<}0.05) ,见表5。
指标 | 临床分期 | 淋巴结转移 | 分化程度 | |||
r值 | P值 | r值 | P值 | r值 | P值 | |
TGF-β | 0.634 | 0.001 | 0.652 | 0.001 | -0.648 | 0.001 |
CCL20 | 0.702 | 0.001 | 0.713 | 0.001 | -0.695 | 0.001 |
IFN-y | -0.661 | 0.001 | -0.670 | 0.001 | 0.657 | 0.001 |
3讨论
TGF- β 是一种肽类物质,具有调节免疫炎症反应、调控细胞生长、增殖、分化及胚胎发育等多种作用,相关报道证实其在消化系统恶性肿瘤的发生中能够加速肿瘤细胞生长、侵犯和转移""。周康杰等""报道指出,TGF- β 在胃癌组织中呈高表达,参与胃癌发生过程。但检测TGF- β 在胃癌组织中的表达水平需进行胃镜穿刺取组织标本,检测较为耗时,同时难以实现动态监测,故本研究尝试分析TGF- β 在血清中的表达水平,结果显示,癌变组血清TGF- β 水平高于癌前病变组,提示血清TGF- β 水平与胃癌发生有关。分析原因,TGF- β 能够通过直接调节肿瘤细胞生长发挥促进胃癌发生的作用,还可通过影响胃黏膜组织免疫炎症反应间接调节肿瘤细胞浸润转移加快胃癌的发生"-3。另有文献指出,TGF-β可经由PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路调控程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)的表达,从而加速胃癌发生发展4。进一步观察发现,血清TGF-β单独诊断胃癌前病变与胃癌的价值良好,且与胃癌临床分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关,与分化程度呈负相关,提示血清TGF-β可作为临床鉴别诊断胃癌前病变与胃癌的辅助指标,还能为评估病情进展提供有效指导信息。
IFN-是一种介导免疫和炎症反应的细胞因子,调节免疫是其最主要的生物学功能5-16。近年来,国内外研究均关注免疫应答在恶性肿瘤发生发展中的作用机制。ABIKO等"报道显示,淋巴细胞IFN-诱导PD-L1表达并促进卵巢癌症进展。沈东杰等研究通过对比胃癌患者与健康体检者的血清IFN-水平发现,IFN-在胃癌患者中的表达水平较低。本研究观察到,癌变组血清IFN-低于癌前病变组,且对胃癌前病变与胃癌具有独立的诊断能力。究其原因,机体对恶性肿瘤的免疫反应以Th1型免疫应答为主,一旦Th1免疫应答能力下降,便会发生免疫失衡,形成Th2型免疫应答,导致免疫抑制,致使机体抗肿瘤免疫能力被严重削弱,从而加快恶性肿瘤的发生""-20。IFN-作为Th1细胞型细胞因子,与机体抗肿瘤免疫能力密切相关。本研究还观察到,血清 \operatorname{IFN}-γ 与胃癌病情进展情况显著相关,可作为临床评估胃癌病情进展的参考依据。
CCL20是一种小分子生物活性肽,具有多种生物学功能,主要在肠道上皮细胞、皮肤角质细胞及肝脏组织细胞中表达,可结合CCR6激活细胞,并参与细胞趋化和迁移等多种生物学活动,具有维持组织稳态作用,参与多种疾病的炎症病理改变过程-23。相关研究指出,血清CCL20参与多种恶性肿瘤发生发展过程,可作为消化系统恶性肿瘤的标志物4。本研究数据表明,癌变组血清CCL20水平高于癌前病变组,说明CCL20血清表达水平异常升高与胃癌的发生有关。相关机制在于CCL20能够作为炎症介质,能促进炎症因子释放,加重组织炎症反应,诱导肿瘤细胞迁移,还能通过结合CCR6激活下游信号通路,促进肿瘤新生血管形成,为肿瘤细胞生长提供充足的血运和营养,加速恶性肿瘤的发生发展[2-2]。ROC曲线证实,血清CCL20在胃癌前病变与胃癌中表现出良好的诊断价值,且与胃癌病情进展显著相关,能作为临床诊断和评估病情进展的血清学指标。
本研究发现,血清TGF- β 、CCL20高表达及 IFN{\rightarrow} 低表达会显著增加胃癌发生风险,三者联合诊断胃癌前病变与胃癌的价值明显优于各指标单独诊断,提示临床可同时检测血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-水平诊断胃癌前病变与胃癌,具有较高的准确性。不足之处是本研究未将血清TGF- β 、CCL20、IFN-与传统肿瘤标志物的诊断价值进行对比分析,今后需做进一步探究,以获取更全面的数据支持。
综上所述,血清TGF- β 、CCL20和IFN-y可作为胃癌前病变与胃癌的辅助诊断指标,联合诊断价值较好,且均与胃癌病理进展密切相关,能为临床诊治提供参考。
参考文献
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·论著·
麝香保心丸治疗稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)的疗效及作用机制研究
张灵雁,闫付兴,朱春胜,郑玲玲2郑州大学第一附属医院中药科、中西医结合科2,河南郑州450000
【摘要】目的基于Toll样受体4(TLR4)/髓样分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子 ^{-}\kappaB (NF- \kappaB )通路分析麝香保心丸治疗稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)的临床效果,并探讨其作用机制。方法前瞻性选取2021年2月至2024年2月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的96例稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)患者纳入研究,按随机数表法分为联合治疗组和常规治疗组各48例。常规治疗组患者接受常规治疗,联合治疗组患者在常规治疗组基础上接受麝香保心丸治疗,两组患者均治疗1个月。比较两组患者治疗1个月后的临床疗效,以及治疗前后的TLR4/MyD88/NF- \kappa{ B} 通路信使核糖核酸(mRNA)表达水平、血脂水平、心功能及心绞痛发作情况,同时比较两组患者治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,联合治疗组患者的治疗总有效率为 93.75% ,明显高于常规治疗组的 75.00% ,差异有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;治疗后,两组患者的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中TLR4、MyD88、NF- \kappa{ B} mRNA表达水平均下降,且联合治疗组分别为 2.71{±}0.78 ,1.48{±}0.47 ,1.45{±}0.48 ,明显低于常规治疗组的 3.42{±}0.73 .3.18{±}0.76 .2.37{±}0.59 差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。治疗后,两组患者的血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平均升高,且联合治疗组患者为(2.26{±}0.26)mmol/L ,高于常规治疗组的 (1.93{±}0.21)mmol/L ,两组患者的血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均降低,且联合治疗组患者分别为(1.90±0.41)mmol/L、(5.46±0.59)mmol/L、(2.64±0.46)mmol/L,低于常规治疗组的 (2.11±0.43)mmol/L_{*(5.93±0.54)mmol/L_{*(3.16±0.44)mmol/L_{*(5.93±0.54)}}} ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;治疗后,两组患者的心室射血分数(LVEF)、每搏输出量(SV)水平均升高,且联合治疗组患者分别为 (58.61±4.61)% (71.24{\scriptstyle±7.79}) mL ,高于常规治疗组的 (53.52±4.42)% ,(64.71±6.05)\;mL ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;治疗后,两组患者的心绞痛发作次数、疼痛持续时间均降低,且联合治疗组患者分别为 (1.12{±}0.31) 次/周 .(1.12{±}0.23)\min/ 欠,低于常规治疗组的 (2.15{±}0.47) 次/周、 .(1.74{±}0.27)\;min/% ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;治疗期间,联合治疗组患者的不良反应总发生率为 8.33% ,略高于常规治疗组的 4.17% ,但差异无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) 。结论麝香保心丸治疗稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)疗效确切,可控制心绞痛发作情况,改善心功能,且安全性良好,其作用机制与其调节TLR4/MyD88/NF- \mathbf{\nabla}*\kappa\mathbf{B} 通路及血脂代谢有关。
【关键词】稳定型心绞痛;寒凝心脉型;麝香保心丸;Toll样受体4;髓样分化因子88;核因子 ^{-\kappaB} ;心功能;血脂;作用机制
【中图分类号】R541.4 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1003—6350(2025)03—0316—06
基金项目:河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(编号:LHGJ20190273)。
第一作者:张灵雁(1988一),男,主管药师,主要研究方向为中药复方的药效物质基础合理应用。
通讯作者:郑玲玲(1983一),女,博士,主治医师,主要研究方向为中医内科心血管疾病的诊治,E-mail:zhenglingling.77@163.com。
引用本文:张灵雁,闫付兴,朱春胜,等.麝香保心丸治疗稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)的疗效及作用机制研究[].海南医学,2025,36(3): 316-321. pathway-induced autophagy in cervical cancer cell promotes phagocytosis of macrophage [J]. Int J Bio1 Sci, 2021, 17(1): 339-352.
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(收稿日期:2024-08-16;修回日期:2025-01-09)
Efficacy and mechanisms of Shexiang Baoxin Pill in treating stable angina pectoris (cold coagulation heart pulse type).ZHANGLing-yan',YAN F u -xing',ZHU Chun-sheng',ZHENG Ling-ling^.Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineDeparment ofChineseandWesternMedicine,theFirstAffliatedHospital ofZhengzhouUniversity,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Shexiang Baoxin Pill in the treatment of stable angina pectoris (cold coagulation heart pulse type) based on Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF{-}\kappaB) pathway, and to explore its underlying mechanisms of action. Methods A prospective study enrolled 96 patients with stable angina pectoris (cold coagulation heart pulse type) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2021 to February 2024.Patients were randomly divided into a combination therapy group and a conventional therapy group, with 48 patients in each group. Patients in the conventional therapy group received conventional treatment, while those in the combination treatment group received treatment with Shexiang Baoxin Pill on the basis of the conventional treatment.Both groups were treated for one month. Clinical efficacy after one month of treatment, as well as the expression levels of TLR4/MyD88/NF- {\bf\nabla}\kappaB pathway messenger RNA (mRNA),blood lipid levels, cardiac function, and angina attacks before and after treatment, was compared between the two groups. At the same time, the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment period was also compared. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of treatment in the combination therapy group was 93.75% ,which was significantly higher than 75.00% in the conventional therapy group (P{<}0.05) .After treatment, the mRNA expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF- \mathbf{\nabla}\kappaB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients decreased in the two groups, with the combination therapy group exhibiting significantly lower levels (2.71±0.78 1.48\{±0.47\} and 1.45±0.48 ,respectively) compared to the conventional treatment group 3.42{\scriptstyle±0.73} 3.18{±}0.76 ,and 2.37{\scriptstyle±0.59} ,respectively; P{<}0.05 for all comparisons). After treatment, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels increased in both groups, with the combination therapy group demonstrating higher level [ (2.26{±}0.26) mmol/L] compared to the conventional therapy group[ (1.93{±}0.21) mmol/L]. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels decreased in both groups, and the combination therapy group showed lower levels [(1.90±0.41) mmol/L, (5.46{±}0.59) mmol/L,and (2.64± 0.46) mmol/L, respectively] compared to the conventional therapy group [ (2.11{±}0.43) mmol/L, (5.93{\scriptstyle±0.54}) mmol/L,and (3.16{±}0.44) mmol/L, respectively; {P<0.05} for all comparisons]. After treatment, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and stroke volume (SV) increased in both groups, with the combination therapy group showing higher levels [ (58.61± 4.61)% (71.24±7.79) )mL, respectively] compared to the conventional therapy group [(53.52{±}4.42)^{0}/{0} (64.71{\scriptstyle±6.05}) mL, respectively; P{<}0.05 for all comparisons]. After treatment, the frequency of angina pectoris attacks and pain duration decreased in both groups, with the combination therapy group exhibiting lower values (1.12{\scriptstyle±0.31}) times/week, _{(1.12±} 0.23) min/attack, respectively] compared to the conventional therapy group [ (2.15{±}0.47) times/week, (1.74±0.27) min/attack, respectively; P{<}0.05 for all comparisons]. During the treatment period, the total incidence of adverse reactions in the combination therapy group was 8.33% ,which was higher than 4.17% in the conventional therapy group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05) . Conclusion Shexiang Baoxin Pill is effective in the treatment of stable angina pectoris, which can control the attack of angina pectoris and improve heart function, with good safety. Its mechanism of action is related to regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF- ^\sc~\kappaB pathway and lipid metabolism.
[Key words] Stable angina pectoris; Cold congealing heart pulse type; Shexiang Baoxin Pil; Toll-like receptor 4;Myeloid differentiation factor88;Nuclear factor \kappa{ B} ;Cardiac function;Blood lipids;Mechanism of action
稳定型心绞痛发生的主要基础为冠脉狭窄导致心肌急性的、短暂的缺血与缺氧,患者发病时主要表现为胸前区疼痛、室息样感觉等,可严重影响患者日常生活能力"。常规应用抗凝、调脂、松弛血管平滑肌等药物治疗的稳定型心绞痛患者,病情控制仍不容乐观,部分患者可能进展为心肌梗死,威胁患者生命安全。中医认为稳定型心绞痛属于“胸痹”范畴,《灵枢·五邪》右言:“邪在心,则病心痛”,心阳经外寒侵袭,故令痛也,针对稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)患者寒凝心脉、脉络阻滞的病机,中医治疗积累了丰富的治疗经验3。麝香保心丸化裁于中医经典方剂苏合香丸,方中麝香、苏合香等药物芳香辛散、开通诸窍,可发挥温阳通痹、活血止痛的效果。吉晓理等研究显示,外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中Toll样受体4(TLR4)/髓样分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子 ^{-\kappaB} NF{-}\kappaB) 通路指标在心绞痛、心肌梗死患者中表达呈升高趋势,可影响冠心病疾病进展,但目前相关通路的治疗研究报道较少。基于此,本研究旨在基于TLR4/MyD88/NF{-}\kappaB 通路分析麝香保心丸在稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)的应用机制。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料前瞻性纳人2021年2月至2024年2月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的96例稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)患者作为研究对象。纳人标准:(1)符合《稳定性冠心病诊断与治疗指南》中稳定型心绞痛的诊断标准,具有胸闷、胸痛或者心前区紧缩感症状者;
(2)符合《中药新药临床研究指导原则(试行)》中“胸痹”诊断,分型为“寒凝心脉型”,主症胸闷隐痛,时作时止,次症心悸气短,倦怠懒言,畏寒欠温,舌苔白,脉沉迟或沉紧者;(3)住院治疗者;(4)精神、神经、语言、听力功能正常,配合治疗者;(5)心绞痛分级1\~3级者;(6)人组前2周内未接受中医治疗者等。排除标准:(1)合并先天性心脏病者;(2)合并主动脉夹层或出血性疾病者;(3)妊娠或哺乳期妇女者;(4)既往行心脏手术甚至更换心脏者;(5)药物或酒精依赖者;(6)合并恶病质者;(7)对麝香保心丸及其他用药不耐受者;(8)合并贫血、严重感染、低蛋白血症、脏器功能不全者等。按随机数表法将患者分为联合治疗组和常规治疗组,每组48例。两组患者的一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义 (P>0.05) ,具有可比性,见表1。本研究获郑州大学第一附属医院医学伦理研究委员会批准(审批号:SS-2021-34),所有患者及其家属均签署知情同意书。
组别 | 例数 | 性别 | 病程(年) | 心绞痛分级 | 高血压病 | 糖尿病 | 血脂异常 | |||
男 | 女 | 1级 | 2级 | 3级 | ||||||
常规治疗组 | 48 | 28 (58.33) | 20 (41.67) | 6.33±1.19 | 12 (25.00) | 22 (45.83) | 14 (29.17) | 31 (64.58) | 20 (41.67) | 23 (47.92) |
联合治疗组 | 48 | 30 (62.50) | 18 (37.50) | 6.21±1.21 | 11 (22.92) | 25 (52.08) | 12 (25.00) | 29 (60.42) | 22 (45.83) | 25 (52.08) |
t/x值 | 0.174 | 0.490 | 0.389 | 0.178 | 0.169 | 0.167 | ||||
P值 | 0.676 | 0.625 | 0.823 | 0.673 | 0.681 | 0.683 |
1.2治疗方法常规治疗组患者根据指南接受对症治疗,根据不同症状采取以下药物:抗血小板药物采用阿司匹林肠溶片(国药准字H13023363,邯郸滏荣制药有限公司, 25~mg/ 片) 100~mg/ 次,1次/d; β 一受体阻滞剂:富马酸比索洛尔片(国药准字H20173037,岳阳新华达制药有限公司, 5~mg/ 片 5~mg/ 次,1次/d;调脂药物:阿托伐他汀钙片(国药准字H20213827,浙江宏元药业股份有限公司, 10~mg/ 片) 10~mg/ 次,1次/d;血管扩张药物:单硝酸异山梨酯片(国药准字H10940205,三才石岐制药股份有限公司, 10~mg/ 片20~mg/ 次,2次/d,急性发作时舌下含服硝酸甘油片(国药准字H15020179,内蒙古兰太药业有限责任公司,0.5~mg/ 片), 0.5~mg/ 次。联合治疗组患者在常规治疗组基础上联合麝香保心丸(国药准字Z31020068,上海和黄药业有限公司, 22.5~mg/ 丸)治疗, 45~mg/ 次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗1个月。
1.3观察指标与评价(检测)方法 (1)临床疗效:治疗后,根据指导原则,通过心绞痛严重程度及心电图变化评定疗效。心绞痛等级降低 >=slant2 级,心电图检查恢复正常为显效;心绞痛等级降低1级,心电图检查结果显示ST段回升 {>=slant}0.1\ mV 为有效;心绞痛等级未降低甚至提高,心电图检测病理状态明显为无效。总有效率 *=( 显效 ^+ 有效)例数/总例数 x100% 。(2)TLR4/MyD88/NF- ^-\kappaB 通路:治疗前后采集两组患者静脉血3~mL ,使用梯度离心法提取PBMC,采用TRIzol"试剂(瑞典赛沛公司)提取PBMC的总核糖核酸,将总核糖核酸进行反转录(Promega公司),生成双链的互补脱氧核糖核酸,TLR4、MyD88、NF- {\bf\nabla}\kappa{\bf B} 信使核糖核酸(mRNA)引物设计及合成由上海生工工程股份有限公司进行。采用7500FastDx型实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应仪(LifeTechnologiesHoldingsPteLtd公司)检测TLR4、MyD88、 NF{-}\kappaB mRNA表达水平, 94 ^\circC 预变性 2~min , 94 °C 变性 20\ s ,60 °C 退火、延伸34s,45个循环,采用 2^{-\triangle\triangle{Ct}} 对TLR4、MyD88、NF- {\bf\nabla}\kappa{\bf B} mRNA表达水平进行定量计算。(3)血脂:同(2)采集血液标本,制备血清,通过全自动生化分析仪检测血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平;(4)心功能及心绞痛发作情况:治疗前后采用聚融医疗科技(杭州)有限公司提供的Cetus 39Exp型彩色多普勒超声诊断系统检测两组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)、每搏输出量(SV),记录心绞痛发作次数、心绞痛发作持续时间;(5)安全性:统计治疗期间两组患者的头痛、胃肠道反应及心动过速发生情况。
1.4统计学方法采用EpiData3.1建立数据库,应用SPSS26.0统计软件进行数据分析。计量资料经Shapiro-Wilk正态性检验和Levene法方差齐性检验,以均数 ± 标准差 \left(x± s\right) 表示,组间比较采用t检验。计数资料比较采用x检验。以 P{<}0.05 为差异具有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者的治疗效果比较治疗后,联合治疗组患者的总有效率为 93.75% ,明显高于常规治疗组的75.00% ,差异有统计学意义 (\chi^{2}{=}6.400,P{<}0.05) ,见表2。
组别 | 例数 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率(%) |
联合治疗组 | 48 | 20 | 25 | 3 | 93.75 |
常规治疗组 | 48 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 75.00 |
2.2两组患者治疗前后的 TLR4/MyD88/NF^{-}\kappaB 通路比较治疗前,两组患者TLR4/MyD88/NF- *\kappa{\sf B} 通路比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) 。治疗后,两组患者的PBMC中TLR4、MyD88、NF- ^{-}\kappaB mRNA表达水平均下降,且联合治疗组明显低于常规治疗组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表3。
2.3两组患者治疗前后的血脂比较治疗前,两组患者血脂比较差异无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗后,两组患者的血清HDL-C水平均升高,且联合治疗组明显高于常规治疗组,TG、TC、LDL-C水平均降低,且联合治疗组明显低于常规治疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P{<}0.05) ,见表4。
2.4两组患者治疗前后的心功能及心绞痛发作情况比较治疗前,两组患者的心功能及心绞痛发作情况比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗后,两组患者的LVEF、SV水平均升高,且联合治疗组明显高于常规治疗组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;治疗后,两组患者的心绞痛发作次数、疼痛持续时间均降低,且联合治疗组明显低于常规治疗组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表5。
表3两组患者治疗前后的TLR4/MyD88/NF- \mathbf{-//-//} 通路比较 ({\overline{{x}}}± s)
组别 | 例数 | TLR4 mRNA | MyD88 mRNA | NF-kBmRNA | |||
治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | ||
联合治疗组 | 48 | 4.22±1.05 | 2.71±0.78 | 4.31±0.85 | 1.48±0.47* | 5.61±1.18 | 1.45±0.48 |
常规治疗组 | 48 | 4.18±1.12 | 3.42±0.73 | 4.24±0.78 | 3.18±0.76 | 5.50±1.07 | 2.37±0.59 |
t值 | 0.181 | 4.604 | 0.420 | 13.181 | 0.478 | 8.380 | |
P值 | 0.857 | 0.000 | 0.675 | 0.000 | 0.633 | 0.000 |
组别 | 例数 | TG (mmol/L) | TC(mmol/L) | HDL-C (mmol/L) | LDL-C (mmol/L) | ||||
治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | ||
联合治疗组 | 48 | 2.70±0.50 | 1.90±0.41* | 6.61±1.40 | 5.46±0.59" | 1.55±0.30 | 2.26±0.26° | 3.62±0.41 | 2.64±0.46 |
常规治疗组 | 48 | 2.63±0.55 | 2.11±0.43* | 6.53±1.48 | 5.93±0.54 | 1.63±0.35 | 1.93±0.21* | 3.59±0.46 | 3.16±0.44 |
值 | 0.652 | 2.449 | 0.272 | 4.071 | 1.202 | 6.841 | 0.337 | 5.660 | |
P值 | 0.516 | 0.016 | 0.786 | 0.000 | 0.232 | 0.000 | 0.737 | 0.000 |
表5两组患者治疗前后的心功能及心绞痛发作情况比较 (\overline{{x}}± s)
组别 | 例数 | LVEF (%) | SV (mL) | 发作次数(次/周) | 疼痛持续时间(min/次) | ||||
治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | ||
联合治疗组 | 48 | 45.94±5.23 | 58.61±4.61* | 54.87±6.52 | 71.24±7.79* | 4.91±0.83 | 1.12±0.31* | 5.28±1.55 | 1.12±0.23* |
常规治疗组 | 48 | 46.06±4.35 | 53.52±4.42 | 56.06±6.43 | 64.71±6.05* | 5.12±0.81 | 2.15±0.47* | 5.35±1.52 | 1.74±0.27 |
t值 | 0.122 | 5.522 | 0.900 | 4.587 | 1.255 | 12.674 | 0.223 | 12.111 | |
P值 | 0.903 | 0.000 | 0.370 | 0.000 | 0.213 | 0.000 | 0.824 | 0.000 |
2.5两组患者的不良反应比较治疗期间,联合治疗组患者的不良反应总发生率为 8.33% ,略高于常规治疗组的 4.17% ,但差异无统计学意义 (\chi^{2}{=}0.178,P{>} 0.05),见表6。
组别 | 例数 | 头痛 | 胃肠道反应 | 心动过速 | 总发生率(%) |
联合治疗组 | 48 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 8.33 |
常规治疗组 | 48 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4.17 |
3讨论
随着生活节奏加快、老龄化进展,近年来我国心血管疾病发病率仍处于上升阶段,患病率及病死率均增加,稳定型心绞痛为其主要类型之一,治疗情况较为复杂,常规抗凝、降压等药物治疗效果欠佳。稳定型心绞痛在祖国医学中属于“胸痹”范畴,中医理论以整体辨证为基础,针对稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)患者胸阳不足加之寒邪侵袭的病机进行干预,本研究采用麝香保心丸对患者进行治疗,取得一定研究成果。
稳定型心绞痛归属于中医胸痹范畴,《素问调·经论篇》指出:“气血者,喜温而恶寒”。血得温而行,得寒则凝。稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)病机为胸中阳微,寒气客于心脉,心血不足,血运不通,不通则猝然而痛"。《内经》提出了“寒者热之"的治疗思想"-""。芳香温通药物的走窜之力在“寒邪内闭"疾病中应用较为广泛,“心痛者..··病在脉络为之辛香开通也”,麝香保心丸为传统医学中芳香温通类药物,化裁于《和剂局方》中苏合香丸,在治疗卒心痛中历史悠久。麝香保心丸主要由人工麝香、苏合香、人参提取物、人工牛黄、肉桂、蟾酥、冰片组成,其中麝香为君药,性辛,温,芳香走窜之性甚烈,温心阳,开心脉,祛瘀滞,具有开窍醒神、活血通经、消肿止痛之效,《医学入门》中有云:“通关透窍,上达肌肉,内人骨髓..”,《仁斋直指方》中有云:“麝香,能化阳通胰理。能引药透达”;臣药为人参、苏合香,人参益心气,补元气,扶正气,可补脾益肺,补气生血,助精养神,气旺以助心行血,苏合香走窜,开窍醒神,辟秽止痛,辟一切不正之气,两者可发挥祛邪扶正之效;佐药为人工牛黄、肉桂、蟾酥,人工牛黄化痰开窍、清热解毒,肉桂归肾、脾、心、肝经,补火助阳,散寒止痛,温阳助君药补气行血,蟾酥归心经,止痛开窍,“能化解一切瘀郁壅滞诸疾”;使药为冰片,“性走而不守”,主心腹邪气,可开窍清热止痛,全方芳香温通、通补兼施、温寒并用,共同作用于心脉,具有理气强心、芳香温通、化瘀通络、益气活血之效,阳气得通,则阴霾自散,最终改善心气推动血脉功能!2-14。本研究中,治疗后,联合治疗组总有效率更高,LVEF、SV水平更高,心绞痛发作次数、疼痛持续时间更低,治疗期间两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义,提示麝香保心丸治疗稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)疗效确切,可控制心绞痛发作情况,改善心功能,安全性良好。戴雅琴等"研究指出,加用中药并未增加心绞痛患者用药风险,治疗效果较好。
既往研究显示,TLR4/MyD88/NF- ^{-}\kappa\mathbf{B} 通路与冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生密切相关,可通过炎症免疫反应,诱导心肌损伤,介导斑块形成及破裂,参与稳定型心绞痛的发生发展;同时血脂代谢紊乱也参与稳定型心绞痛的发展!6-1"。本研究中,治疗后,联合治疗组血清TG、TC、LDL-C 水平,PBMC 中TLR4、MyD88、NF{-}\kappaB mRNA表达水平更低,血清HDL-C水平更高,麝香保心丸治疗稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)的效果确切,可能与其负向调节TLR4/MyD88/NF- \mathbf{\nabla}*\kappa\mathbf{B} 通路、抑制血脂异常升高有关。分析其机制为,麝香保心丸中人工麝香可解除动脉疫挛作用,保护血管内皮、促使缺血部位心肌的血管新生,提高心肌细胞耐缺氧性,减少心肌缺血梗死,清除自由基和抗油脂氧化,进而抑制炎症反应,避免 TLR4/MyD88/NF-\kappaB 通路激活,缓解先天免疫及炎症反应,避免心肌细胞结构和功能的损伤"";人参提取物中人参皂苷有抗氧化、降脂的作用,可调节胆固醇代谢,降低TG、TC、LDL-C水平,并提高HDL-C水平,可缓解冠状动脉粥样硬化程度,促进内皮细胞释放一氧化氮及环磷鸟苷的产生,减少心脏负荷和心肌耗氧量,减轻内皮受损、促进血管新生,缓解冠脉痉挛而增加心脏血流量,从而达到舒张血管的作用,降低心脏损伤!"-2";蟾酥有强心效果,可抑制心肌细胞Hcy释放,延缓心室重塑,改善稳定型心绞痛病情2]。
综上所述,麝香保心丸治疗稳定型心绞痛(寒凝心脉型)疗效确切,可控制心绞痛发作,改善心功能,且安全性良好,此作用与调节TLR4/MyD88/NF- \mathbf{\nabla}*\kappa\mathbf{B} 通路及血脂代谢有关。但本研究存在局限性,如受限于研究条件,纳人患者有限,且患者来源于单一医院科室,也未对患者进行长期随访观察,今后将进一步行大样本量、多中心、长期随访研究,以验证该研究结果。
参考文献
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·论著·
血清Trx1、LECT2水平与妊娠糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能的关系
王前!,王翼华!,王松²,徐秋!
1.南阳市第一人民医院内分泌科,河南南阳473000;
2.南阳市中心医院内分泌科,河南南阳473000
【摘要】目的探究血清硫氧还蛋白1(Trx1)、白细胞衍生趋化因子2(LECT2)水平与妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患者胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能的关系。方法前瞻性选取2020年7月至2023年7月南阳市第一人民医院收治的108例GDM孕妇作为观察组,另选取同期108例孕检健康孕妇作为对照组,在孕24\~28周采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测两组孕妇的血清Trx1、LECT2水平。比较两组孕妇的一般资料、血清Trx1、LECT2、胰岛素抵抗及胰岛细胞功能的相关指标;采用Pearson法分析血清Trx1、LECT2与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能相关指标的相关性;采用Logistic回归分析GDM的影响因素。结果观察组和对照组孕妇的空腹血糖(FPG)[ (6.67±1.02) mmol/Lvs(4.25{±}0.61) )mmol/L]、30min血糖(BG)[ (9.73{±}2.10 )mmol/Lvs( 7.23{±}1.64 )mmol/L]、1hBG [ 11.48{±}2.75 mmol/Lvs(7.41±1.34) )mmol/L]、2hBG (10.72{±}2.49) )mmol/Lvs( (6.43±1.73 )mmol/L]、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c) [6.96{±}1.02~v s 4.86{±}0.54] 、空腹胰岛素(FINS) [(14.57{\scriptstyle±2.67} \upmuU/mL (8.24{±}1.53)\;\upmuU/mL J、LECT2 \left[(29.02\substack{±10.64})\;mg/L \right] (25.18± 7.59) mg/L 1、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR) [(4.13{±}1.15) v s (2.04{±}0.61) 比较,观察组明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;1h INS 为(80.01±20.48) \upmuU/mL 、2 h INS为(60.58±15.49) \upmuU/mL 、Trx1为 (2.24{±}0.43) ng/mL 、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA -β_{,} 为 115.67{\scriptstyle±30.43} 、胰岛素曲线下面积(INSAUC)/血糖曲线下面积(PGAUC)为 8.02{±}1.34 ,早期胰岛素分泌指数( \Delta130/\triangle{\bf G}30) 为 14.32{\scriptstyle±3.87} ,明显低于对照组的(93.5 \begin{array}{r}{4±24.57) \upmuU/mL.(86.34±21.98) \upmuU/mL.(4.75±1.02) ng/mL.}\end{array} 170.85\substack{±32.14 ,10.76±2.59 ,22.15±4.87}. 差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清Trx1水平与LECT2、HOMA-IR呈负相关 (P{<}0.05) ,与HOMA β 、INSAUC/PGAUC以及 \triangle130/\triangle{\bf G}30 呈正相关 (P{<}0.05) ;血清LECT2水平与HOMA-IR呈正相关 (P{<}0.05) ,与HOMA β 、INSAUC/PGAUC以及 \triangle130/\triangle{ G}30 呈负相关 (P{<}0.05) 。Logistic回归分析结果显示,FPG、HbA1c、FINS、LECT2和 Trx1 均是影响GDM的危险因素 (P{<}0.05) 。结论GDM患者血清中Trx1水平显著降低,LECT2水平显著升高,两者与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能密切相关。
辰糖尿病;硫氧还蛋白1;白细胞衍生趋化因子2;胰岛素抵抗;胰岛细胞功1 【中图分类号】R714.256 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1003—6350(2025)03—0322—05
Relationship between serum Trx1, LECT2 levels and insulin resistance, islet cell function in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. WANG Qian', WANG Yi-hua', WANG Song ^, XU Qiu'. 1. Department of Endocrinology, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang 473000,Henan, CHINA; 2. Department of Endocrinology, Nanyang Central Hospital,Nanyang473000,Henan,CHINA
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the relationship between serum thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and leukocyte-derived chemokine 2 (LECT2) levels and insulin resistance and islet cell function in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A total of 108 pregnant women with GDM admitted to Nanyang First People's Hospital from July 2020 to July 2023 were selected prospectively as the observation group, and another 108 healthy pregnant women in the same period were selected as the control group. Serum Trx1 and LECT2 levels of pregnant women in the two groups were detected at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The general information, serum Trx1, LECT2, insulin resistance, and islet cell function related indexes were compared between the two groups; the correlation of serum Trx1, LECT2 with islet resistance and islet cell function related indexes was analyzed by Pearson's method; and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of GDM. Results Fasting blood glucose (FPG), 30\ min blood glucose (BG), 1 h BG, 2 h BG, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS),LECT2,and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)were (6.67±1.02) mmol/L, (9.73±2.10) mmol/L, (11.48± 2.75)mmol/L, (10.72{\scriptstyle±2.49} )mmol/L, 6.96{±}1.02 (14.57{±}2.67 \upmuU/mL , (29.02{±}10.64) mg/L , and 4.13{±}1.15 in the observation group, respectively, significantly higher than (4.25{±}0.61 )mmol/L, (7.23{±}1.64) mmol/L, and [7.41{±}1.34) mmol/L, (6.43{±}1.73) mmol/L, 4.86{±}0.54 (8.24±1.53 \muU/mL (25.18{±}7.59)\;mg/L ,and 2.04±0.61 in the control group (P{<}0.05) 30~min INS, 1 h INS, 2 h INS, Trxl, pancreatic islet _{β} cell function index (HOMA -β ), insulin area under the curve (INSAUC)/glucose area under the curve (PGAUC), and early insulin secretion index (\DeltaI30/\DeltaG30) were \left(80.01\substack{±20.48}\right)\upmuU/mL, (60.58{\scriptstyle±15.49} \muU/mL (2.24{±}0.43)~ng/mL 115.67{\scriptstyle±30.43} 8.02{±}1.34 ,and 14.32{\scriptstyle±3.87} significantlylower than (93.54± 24.57) \upmuU/mL (86.34{±}21.98)\;\upmuU/mL (4.75\{±1.02\} ng/mL 170.85{\scriptstyle±32.14} 10.76{\scriptstyle±2.59} 22.15{\scriptstyle±4.87} in the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P{<}0.05) . Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum Trx1 levels were negatively correlated with LECT2 and HOMA-IR (P{<}0.05) ,and positively correlated with HOMA -β INSAUC/PGAUC and \triangle130/\triangle G30 (P{<}0.05) .Serum LECT2 levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (P{<}0.05) and negatively correlated with HOMA- β ,INSAUC/PGAUC, and \triangle130/\triangle G30 (P{<}0.05) . Logistic regression analysis showed that FPG, HbAlc, FINS, LECT2, and Trx1 were all risk factors for GDM (P{<}0.05) . Conclusion Patients with GDM have significantly lower serum levels of Trx1 and higher levels of LECT2, both of which are strongly associated with insulin resistance and islet cell function.
【Key words】 Gestational diabetes mellitus; Thioredoxin 1; Leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 2; Insulin resistance;Islet cell function; Correlation
妊娠糖尿病(GDM)作为糖代谢异常综合征,其机体糖耐量会表现出异常",会导致母婴出现代谢性疾病各种并发症及不良妊娠结局,严重威胁母婴健康及生命。GDM与胰岛素抵抗以及胰岛B细胞分泌减少等有关系。孕妇在妊娠中期随着孕周增加其体内孕激素等物质也随之增加,造成机体胰岛素敏感性降低,需要更多地分泌胰岛素,而机体无法代偿时将出现GDM。因此,尽早发现胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能障碍的影响因素对于治疗GDM尤为关键。硫氧还蛋白1(Trx1)可参与机体氧化应激的过程并可保护细胞避免氧化损伤,通过机体活性氧消除的方式,有研究发现Trx1与胰岛素有关,其可通过以不依赖氧化还原的方式与胰岛素通路相互作用?。肝脏分泌的细胞因子白细胞衍生趋化因子2(LECT2)的高表达参与多种代谢性疾病,会促进胰岛素抵抗,在糖脂代谢调节方面扮演重要角色。研究发现Trx1、LECT2参与糖尿病的进展,还可能与胰岛β细胞功能和胰岛素抵抗有关,但目前关于血清Trx1LECT2在GDM中的研究鲜有报道。因此,本研究主要探讨血清Trx1、LECT2水平与GDM患者胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能的关系,以期探讨GDM的发病机制。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料根据样本量估计: {\scriptstyleN}{=}{Z^{2}}x[Px (1{-}P)J/E^{2} ,其中Z为统计量,置信度为 90% 时, Z{=}1.96 E为误差值,按 10% 算,P按0.5算, \scriptstyleN=1.96^{2}x0.5x0.5/ (0.10^{2})\approx96 ,考虑到大约 10% 失访率,前瞻性选取2020年7月至2023年7月南阳市第一人民医院诊治的妊娠期糖尿病患者108例作为观察组。纳人标准:(1)符合GDM诊断标准;(2)无糖尿病家族史且孕前无糖尿病者;(3)资料完整。排除标准:(1)重要器官功能不全者;(2)合并肿瘤疾病者;(3)精神疾病严重者;(4)孕前有高血压等疾病者;(5)胰岛素分泌曲线较为平坦的患者。另选取同期孕检健康孕妇108例为对照组。本研究经本院伦理委员会批准(批号:2023157),所有患者
知情并签署知情书。
1.2资料收集收集患者的年龄、孕周、体质量、孕前体质量指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、收缩压和舒张压等临床资料。
1.3检测方法
1.3.1血清Trx1、LECT2检测妊娠期糖尿病的筛查在孕24\~28周进行,对照组(在体检当天)和观察组均采集空腹外周静脉血 5\;mL ,离心后采用ELISA检测血清Trx1、LECT2水平(试剂盒购自武汉菲恩公司),按照说明书检测。
1.3.2血脂、血糖以及胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞的检测采用血糖仪(广东骨康公司)检测空腹血糖(FPG),采用全自动电化学发光分析仪(上海禾高公司)检测空腹胰岛素(FINS);糖化血红蛋白分析仪检测糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc);稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)=FPG(mmol/L) 1x FINS (\upmuU/mL)/22.5 。胰岛 _{β} 细胞功能指数 (HOMA{-}β){=}20{x}FINS/(FPG{-}3.5) 胰岛素曲线下面积(INSAUC) \lvert= FPG/4+30min INS(胰岛素) /2+1 h INSx0.75+2 hINS/2,血糖曲线下面积(PGAUC)=FPG/ 4{+}30 min BG/2+1 hBG(血糖) x0.75+ 2 h BG/2 ;早期胰岛素分泌指数 (\triangleI30/\triangleG30){=}(30\:min FINS-FINS)/[30minPG(餐后葡萄糖)-FPG]["。
1.4观察指标(1)比较两组孕妇的一般资料;(2)比较两组孕妇的血清Trx1、LECT2水平;(3)比较两组孕妇的胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能的相关指标;(4)分析血清Trx1、LECT2水平及两者与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能的相关性;(5)分析GDM的影响因素。
1.5统计学方法应用SPSS25.0统计软件分析数据。计量数据符合正态分布,以均数 ± 标准差 (\overline{{x}}± s) 表示,组间均数比较采用 t 检验,计数资料比较采用 \chi^{2} 检验;采用Pearson法分析血清Trx1、LECT2与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能相关指标的相关性;采用Logistic回归分析GDM的影响因素。以 {P<0.05} 为差异有统计
学意义。
2结果
2.1两组孕妇的一般资料比较观察组孕妇的FPG、30 minBG、1hBG、2hBG、HbA1c、FINS明显高于对照组,30minINS、1hINS、2hINS明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,而其余指标比较差异均无统计学意义 (P>0.05) ,见表1。
一般资料 | 对照组(n=108) | 观察组(n=108) | t值 | P值 |
年龄 (岁) | 28.24±6.53 | 28.74±6.51 | 0.564 | 0.574 |
孕周 (周) | 26.69±1.21 | 26.72±1.15 | 0.187 | 0.852 |
体质量(kg) | 63.45±4.12 | 63.78±4.05 | 0.594 | 0.553 |
孕前BMI(kg/m) | 24.34±6.21 | 25.56±6.86 | 1.370 | 0.172 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 4.25±0.61 | 6.67±1.02 | 21.161 | 0.001 |
30 min BG (mmol/L) | 7.23±1.64 | 9.73±2.10 | 9.751 | 0.001 |
1 h BG (mmol/L) | 7.41±1.34 | 11.48±2.75 | 13.827 | 0.001 |
2 h BG (mmol/L) | 6.43±1.73 | 10.72±2.49 | 14.704 | 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 4.86±0.54 | 6.96±1.02 | 18.909 | 0.001 |
FINS (μU/mL) | 8.24±1.53 | 14.57±2.67 | 21.377 | 0.001 |
30 min INS (μU/mL) | 72.33±18.14 | 67.58±16.57 | 2.009 | 0.046 |
1 h INS (μU/mL) | 93.54±24.57 | 80.01±20.48 | 4.396 | 0.001 |
2 h INS (μU/mL) | 86.34±21.98 | 60.58±15.49 | 9.956 | 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.24±1.30 | 4.49±1.40 | 1.360 | 0.175 |
TG (mmol/L) | 2.61±0.51 | 2.76±0.73 | 1.751 | 0.081 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.62±0.45 | 1.71±0.49 | 1.406 | 0.161 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.59±0.64 | 2.71±0.81 | 1.208 | 0.228 |
收缩压(mmHg) | 114.56±10.25 | 116.42±11.30 | 1.267 | 0.207 |
舒张压(mmHg) | 68.57±5.25 | 69.42±5.67 | 1.143 | 0.254 |
2.2两组孕妇的血清Trx1、LECT2水平比较与对照组比较,观察组孕妇的血清Trx1水平明显降低,LECT2水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 见表2。
组别 | 例数 | Trx1 (ng/mL) | LECT2 (mg/L) |
对照组 | 108 | 4.75±1.02 | 25.18±7.59 |
观察组 | 108 | 2.24±0.43 | 29.02±10.64 |
t值 | 23.565 | 3.053 | |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.003 |
2.3两组孕妇的胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能的相关指标比较与对照组比较,观察组孕妇的HOMA-IR明显升高,HOMA β 、INSAUC/PGAUC以及 \triangle130/\triangle{G}30 明显降低,差异均有统计学意义( \scriptstyle P< 0.05),见表3。
2.4血清Trx1、LECT2水平及两者与胰岛素抵抗·324·
和胰岛细胞功能相关指标的相关性Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清Trx1与LECT2水平呈负相关( \scriptstyle P< 0.05),血清Trx1水平与HOMA-IR呈负相关 (P{<}0.05) ,与HOMA β INSAUC/PGAUC以及 \triangle130/\triangle{\bf G}30 呈正相关 (P{<}0.05) 。血清LECT2水平与HOMA-IR呈正相关 (P{<}0.05) ,与HOMA β 、INSAUC/PGAUC以及△I30/\triangleG30 呈负相关 (P{<}0.05) ,见表4。
2.5GDM的影响因素以是否发生GDM作为因变量(是 ^{=1} ,否 =0 ),以 Trx1,LECT2、FPG、 30~min PG、1h PG、2hPG、HbA1c、FINS、30 min INS、1h INS、2 {h} INS为自变量,各自变量赋值均为连续变量,进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示,FPG、HbAlc、FINS和LECT2高表达、 Trx1 低表达均是影响GDM的危险因素 (P{<}0.05) ,见表5。
组别 例数HOMA-IR HOMA-β | INSAUC/PGAUC | △I30/△G30 | |
对照组 108 | 2.04±0.61 | 170.85±32.14 10.76±2.59 | 22.15±4.87 |
观察组 108 | 4.13±1.15 | 115.67±30.43 8.02±1.34 | 14.32±3.87 |
t值 | 16.685 | 12.956 9.765 | 13.081 |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 0.001 | 0.001 |
指标 | Trx1 | LECT2 | ||
r值 | P值 | r值 | P值 | |
HOMA-IR | -0.551 | 0.001 | 0.532 | 0.001 |
HOMA-β | 0.582 | 0.001 | 0.573 | 0.001 |
INSAUC/PGAUC | 0.587 | 0.001 | 0.591 | 0.001 |
△I30/△G30 | 0.564 | 0.001 | 0.537 | 0.001 |
Trx1 | 一 | 0.603 | 0.001 | |
LECT2 | -0.603 | 0.001 |
表5GDM影响因素的Logistic回归分析
指标 | β | SE | Waldx值 | P值 | 95%CI |
Trx1 | 0.814 | 0.219 | 13.817 | 0.001 | 1.469~3.467 |
LECT2 | 1.168 | 0.304 | 14.757 | 0.001 | 1.772~5.834 |
FPG | 1.627 | 0.521 | 9.753 | 0.002 | 1.833~14.129 |
30 min PG | 1.171 | 0.617 | 3.600 | 0.058 | 0.962~10.804 |
1 h PG | 1.393 | 0.734 | 3.602 | 0.058 | 0.955~16.974 |
2 h PG | 0.281 | 0.412 | 0.467 | 0.495 | 0.591~2.971 |
HbAlc | 0.976 | 0.203 | 23.101 | 0.001 | 1.782~3.949 |
FINS | 1.150 | 0.236 | 23.756 | 0.001 | 1.989~5.012 |
30 min INS | 0.219 | 0.213 | 1.058 | 0.303 | 0.820~1.890 |
1 h INS | 0.186 | 0.158 | 1.381 | 0.240 | 0.883~1.641 |
2 h INS | 0.263 | 0.204 | 1.664 | 0.197 | 0.872~1.941 |
3讨论
妊娠期糖尿病是内分泌代谢紊乱的一种疾病,患者机体的葡萄糖耐量产生异常,会在临床上出现胚胎发育异常、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病、感染胎儿过大、胎儿畸形等,且GDM发病率逐年升高,严重威胁母婴健康-12。尽早发现与GDM发病机制有关的生物标志物,对寻找有效的治疗方案及时防控十分重要3。
Trx1是哺乳动物细胞中发现的一种氧化还原活性高度保守的小分子蛋白,其可以保护细胞、清除氧自由基、抗凋亡,因为Trx1特有的二氧化物活性中心可催化多氧化还原转录因子、激酶等蛋白质的二硫键,维持机体细胞氧化还原稳态,进而发挥抗氧化的作用"4-15。Trx1过表达可以通过缓解氧化应激来减轻人ARPE19细胞中糖尿病诱导的视网膜色素上皮细胞功能障碍。Trx1升高时可以以旁分泌调节和改善β细胞功能!。Trx1过表达通过细胞凋亡信号调节激酶1缓解Miller细胞中糖尿病诱导的内质网应激损伤""。Trx1是通过调节内质网应激和氧化应激来减轻糖尿病脑病中阿尔茨海默病样病理学的因子,从而可以防止细胞凋亡。本研究结果显示,血清Trx1水平在观察组中降低,说明其可能参与GDM的进展,推测可能是Trx1具有抗氧化应激的作用,能将氧化应激的代谢产物清除,当其水平异常降低时说明机体自我保护的代偿性反应失调,从而参与糖尿病的进展。
LECT2是肝细胞分泌出来的因子,在肝脏脂肪代谢中 Wnt/β rcatenin通路可以使LECT2表达升高,而{Wnt}/β rcatenin通路与肝脏糖脂代谢密切相关,因此推测LECT2可参与代谢性疾病"。LECT2还可以诱导外周胰岛素抵抗,导致机体血糖浓度升高从而降低机体胰岛素敏感性20-2。LECT2在肥胖女性血清中显著升高,与胰岛素抵抗有关,脂肪中的LECT2可能导致脂肪组织功能障碍2。LECT2在糖尿病足患者血清中显著升高,且当其升高时患者预后不良2。本研究发现,血清LECT2水平在观察组中升高,与上述研究相似,说明LECT2可能与GDM进展有关,推测可能是因为当其水平升高时会增强机体的胰岛素抵抗,诱导血脂出现异常,促进机体发生炎症反应,从而参与患者病情进展。而且血清Trx1、LECT2水平呈负相关,说明两者可能共同参与调节GDM。
HOMA-IR是胰岛素靶器官,对胰岛素刺激葡萄糖摄取和利用的水平降低,为了维持血糖的稳定,机体会代偿分泌过多的胰岛素,从而产生高胰岛素血症,糖尿病等疾病大多由胰岛素抵抗引起,会给机体带来不良影响24-25]。有研究发现,妊娠期间的胰岛素抵抗多发生在女性多激素代谢异常后,而且胰岛β细胞分泌功能失代偿也会引起GDM2。INSAUC/PGAUC以及\triangle130/\triangle G30代表胰岛素分泌,本研究发现观察组
FPG、30 minBG、1hBG、2h BG、HbA1c、FINS显著升高,30minINS、1hINS、2hINS显著降低,而且观察组HOMA-IR显著升高,HOMA β 、INSAUC/PGAUC以及\triangle130/\triangle{\bf G}30 显著降低,对于24\~28周的GDM患者来说,血糖水平升高会使胰岛素分泌功能产生异常,HOMA-IR增加,胰岛素敏感性下降。根据Pearson相关性分析得知,血清Trx1水平与HOMA-IR呈负相关,与HOMA β 、INSAUC/PGAUC 以及 \triangle130/\triangle{\bf G}30 呈正相关。血清LECT2水平与HOMA-IR呈正相关,与HOMA β 、INSAUC/PGAUC以及 \triangle130/\triangle{\bf G}30 呈负相关,说明Trx1、LECT2可影响胰岛素抵抗和胰岛B细胞功能,后续将扩大样本量进一步探讨其具体机制。根据Logistic分析得知FPG、HbA1c、FINS和LECT2高表达、Trx1低表达是GDM的影响因素,说明在临床检测其水平变化可对患者病情进展进行评估,可为临床诊治GDM提供依据。
综上所述,GDM患者血清中Trx1水平降低,LECT2水平升高,两者与胰岛素抵抗和胰岛细胞功能密切相关。本研究尚存在局限性(如样本量不足等),后续将会扩大样本量进一步验证。
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·论著·
信迪利单抗联合TACE治疗晚期原发性肝癌的疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群的影响
张龙',岳爱民,段花玲2
新乡市中心医院/新乡医学院第四临床学院肿瘤外科消化内科2,河南新乡453000
【摘要】目的探讨信迪利单抗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗晚期原发性肝癌的疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法选择2021年6月至2023年6月新乡市中心医院收治的98例晚期原发性肝癌患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各49例。对照组患者采用TACE治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上联合信迪利单抗治疗,均以3周为一个疗程,连续治疗3个疗程,均随访1年。治疗3个疗程后,比较两组患者的客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR);治疗前及治疗3个疗程后,比较两组患者的甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖类抗原199(CA199)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、T淋巴细胞亚群 (CD3^{+},CD4^{+},CD4^{+}/CD8^{+}) 的变化;比较两组患者治疗期间的不良反应;随访1年后,比较两组患者的无进展生存时间、中位总生存时间和1年生存率。结果治疗后,观察组患者ORR、DCR为 57.14% ,75.51% ,均明显高于对照组的 34.69% ,55.10% ,差异有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。治疗前,两组患者的AFP、CA199、CEA水平比较差异均无统计学意义 (P>0.05) ;治疗后,观察组患者AFP、CA199、CEA水平分别为(410.23±73.52) {mugL.(176.40±23.62) {U/{mL.(21.48±2.73) {\mugL}}}} ,均低于对照组的 (489.54±98.47) \upmug/L ,(202.51±32.47) U/mL (26.99{±}3.60) \upmug/L ,差异有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。治疗前,两组患者的 CD3^{\circ* C D4°* C D4°/C D8°} 比较差异均无统计学意义 (P>0.05) ;治疗后,观察组患者 CD3^{\circ,C D4°,C D4°/C D8°x\Delta\jmath(53.03±4.47)°\circ,(39.69±3.28)°\circ,0.97±0.14} ,均高于对照组的 (48.96±5.28)%\ 、(36.14±2.87)%\ 、0.85±0.12 ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。两组患者治疗期间的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05) 。随访1年,观察组患者中有3例失访、对照组有2例失访,观察组患者无进展生存时间、中位总生存时间、生存率为 (8.33{±}1.21) 个月、 (10.17{±}1.04) 个月、 .69.57% ,均明显长于/高于对照组的 (7.12± 1.08)个月、 (8.76±1.23) 个月、 .48.94% ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。结论信迪利单抗联合TACE治疗晚期原发性肝癌患者疗效明显,可有效改善T淋巴细胞亚群,提高近期疗效,且安全性良好。
【关键词】原发性肝癌;晚期;肝动脉化疗栓塞术;信迪利单抗;T淋巴细胞亚群;疗效 【中图分类号】R735.7 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1003—6350(2025)03—0327—05
Efficacyof sindilizumab combinedwithTACEin the treatment of advanced primary liver cancer andits effect on T lymphocyte subsets.ZHANGLong',YUE A i -min‘,DUANHua-ling^.Departmentof Oncology‘,Department of Gastroenterology^,Xinxiang Central Hospital/theFourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical College,Xinxiang 453000, Henan,CHINA
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the efficacy of sindilizumab combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of advanced primary liver cancer and its effect on T lymphocyte subsets. Methods Ninety-eight patients with advanced primary liver cancer admitted to Xinxiang Central Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method, with 49 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with TACE, while those in the observation group were treated with sindilizumab combined with TACE, continuously for 3 courses, with 3 weeks as one course of treatment. The patients were followed up for 1 year. The two groups were compared in the following items: the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) after 3 courses of treatment; the levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) before and after 3 courses of treatment;the changesinTlymphocyte subsets CD3^{+} CD4^{+} ,CD4\*/CD8+)before and after3courses of treatment;the adverse reactions during treatment; the progression-free survival, median overall survival, and 1-year survival rate after a 1-year follow-up. Results After treatment,the ORR and DCR of the observation group were 57.14% and 75.51% ,respectively,whichwere significantly higher than 34.69% and 55.10% of the control group (P{<}0.05) .Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of AFP, CA199, and CEA between the two groups of patients (P{>}0.05) ; after treatment, the levels of AFP, CA199, and CEA in the observation group were (410.23±73.52)~\upmu g/L (176.40{±}23.62) U/mL and (21.48{±}2.73)~\upmug/L ,respectively,which were significantly lower than (489.54{±}98.47)~\upmug/L (202.51{±}32.47) U/mL ,and (26.99{\scriptstyle±3.60}) \upmug/L in the control group (P{<}0.05) .Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in CD3^{+} CD4^{\prime} , CD4^{\prime/C D8^{\prime}} between the two groups of patients (P{>}0.05) ; after treatment, the CD3^{+} CD4^{*} and CD4^{\circ/C D8°} ratios in the observation group were (53.03{\scriptstyle±4.47})% (39.69{±}3.28)% ,and 0.97{\scriptstyle±0.14} , significantly higher than (48.96{±}5.28)% (36.14{±}2.87)% and 0.85{\scriptstyle±0.12} in the control group (P{<}0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups of patients during treatment ( \scriptstyle P> 0.05). During the 1-year follow-up, there were 3 cases of loss to follow-up in the observation group and 2 cases of loss in the control group. The progression-free survival, median overall survival, and survival rate of the observation group were \leftmoon.33±1.21\right) months, (10.17{±}1.04) months, and 69.57% ,respectively, which were significantly longer/higher than (7.12{±}1.08) months, (8.76{±}1.23) months, and 48.94% of the control group (P{<}0.05) . Conclusion Sindilizumab combined with TACE in the treatment of advanced primary liver cancer patients is effective, which can effectively improve T lymphocyte subsets and improve short-term efficacy,with good safety.
【Key words】 Primary liver cancer; Advanced; Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; Sindilizumab; T lym-phocytesubsets;Curativeeffect
原发性肝癌是我国中老年人群中常见的恶性肿瘤,具有起病隐匿的特点,早期通常无明显的特异性症状,多数患者在确诊时已处于病情晚期,错过接受根治性手术治疗的最佳时机。针对无法接受手术治疗的晚期原发性肝癌患者的治疗,临床上多选择肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)可对肝肿瘤供血血管进行栓塞,达到控制病情进展的目的"-2。但临床实践也发现,单独使用TACE治疗会残留病灶,术后仍有一定的复发率,总体疗效有待提升。信迪利单抗是我国自主研发的一种靶向程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)单克隆抗体,属于一种免疫抑制剂,主要是通过阻断PD-1通路产生免疫抑制作用,从而发挥抗肿瘤效果。既往的临床研究已证实,信迪利单抗在晚期肺癌、胃癌患者中有较好的应用效果,能改善患者机体免疫功能,降低肿瘤进展的发生风险4。但信迪利单抗在晚期原发性肝癌患者中的应用效果尚处于探讨阶段。为进一步提高对晚期原发性肝癌的治疗效果,本研究将信迪利单抗联合TACE用于患者的治疗,旨在探讨其疗效,现报道如下:
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料选择2021年6月至2023年6月新乡市中心医院收治的98例晚期原发性肝癌作为本研究对象。纳人标准:(1)经手术病理组织学检查或者肝穿刺活检确诊为晚期原发性肝癌者";(2)巴塞罗那肝癌临床分期系统(BCLC)分期为B期、C期者;(3)Child-Pugh肝功能分级A级、B级者;(4)美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分 \lesssim2 分者;(5)至少有1个可测量的客观病灶者。排除标准:(1)合并其他恶性肿瘤者;(2)合并其余器官功能严重障碍者;(3)合并远处转移者;(4)已出现顽固性腹水、肝性脑病、大出血等;(5)合并血液系统疾病、免疫性疾病者;(6)精神异常者。按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各49例。两组患者的一般资料比较差异无统计学意义( P>
0.05),见表1。本研究已通过医院伦理委员会批准(编号:2021-01583),且患者均签署研究知情同意书。
一般资料 | 观察组(n=49) | 对照组(n=49) | xl值 | P值 |
性别 | 0.176 | 0.675 | ||
男 | 30 (61.22) | 32 (65.31) | ||
女 | 19 (38.78) | 17 (34.69) | ||
年龄(岁) | 62.83±7.14 | 63.25±6.68 | 0.301 | 0.764 |
最大肿瘤直径(cm) | 6.73±2.02 | 6.88±1.69 | 0.399 | 0.691 |
BCLC分期 | 0.411 | 0.521 | ||
B期 | 31 (63.27) | 34 (69.39) | ||
C期 | 18 (36.73) | 15 (30.61) | ||
ECOG评分 | 0.051 | 0.821 | ||
0~1 | 36 (73.47) | 35 (71.43) | ||
2 | 13 (26.53) | 14 (28.57) | ||
Child-Pugh肝功能分级 | 0.169 | 0.681 | ||
A级 | 19 (38.78) | 21 (42.86) | ||
B级 | 30 (61.22) | 28 (57.14) | ||
肝硬化 | 37 (75.51) | 39 (79.59) | 0.234 | 0.628 |
乙肝感染 | 32 (65.31) | 29 (59.18) | 0.391 | 0.532 |
1.2治疗方法
1.2.1对照组该组患者采用TACE治疗。具体方法:由股动脉插管,选择肿瘤供血动脉,首先使用顺铂 60~g+ 吉西他滨 1.2{~g~} 稀释至生理盐水后,使用介人热化疗设备加热温度至 60 °C ,以 0.6\;mL/s 的速度由导管注人至肿瘤供血动脉,时间 30\ min ,再将吡柔比星40~mg 加人 20~mL 碘化油中混合成乳剂,由导管注人,栓塞肿瘤供血血管,每3周为一个疗程,连续治疗3个疗程。
1.2.2观察组该组患者在对照组治疗的基础上联合信迪利单抗(规格 10 mL: 100 mg ,厂家:信达生物制药,国药准字S20180016)治疗,在TACE治疗1周后,使用信迪利单抗 200~mg 静脉滴注,疗程与对照组相同。
1.3观察指标与评价(检测)方法 (1)临床疗效:治疗3个疗程后,比较两组患者的临床疗效。根据实体瘤评价标准评价,完全缓解(CR):病灶消失且时间>=slant4 周;部分缓解(PR):肿瘤最长径之和缩小 P30% ,且维持时间 >=slant4 周;疾病稳定(SD):肿瘤最长径之和缩小范围 <=slant30% 或者增加范围 {<}20% ;疾病进展(PD):肿瘤最长径值和增加 \gtrsim20% 。客观缓解率 (ORR){=}(CR{+} PR)/总例数 x100% ;疾病控制率 (DCR){=}(CR{+}PR{+}SD)/ 总例数 x100% 。(2)肿瘤标志物:治疗前及治疗3个疗程后,比较两组患者的肿瘤标志物。采集两组患者空腹静脉血 3~mL ,常规离心处理,转速 3\ 000\ r/min 时间15~min ,收集上层血清液样本,以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖类抗原199 (CA199)、癌胚抗原(CEA)的变化。(3)T淋巴细胞亚群:治疗前及治疗3个疗程后,比较两组患者的T淋巴细胞亚群。采集两组患者空腹静脉血 4 mL ,采用流式细胞仪观察T淋巴细胞亚群 (CD3^{+},CD4^{+},CD4^{+}/CD8^{+}) 的变化。(4)不良反应:治疗3个疗程后,比较两组患者治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。包括胃肠道不适(恶心呕吐、腹泻等)皮肤黏膜毒性(手足皮肤反应、皮疹、口腔黏膜出血等)、肌肉组织毒性(关节酸痛、面部浮肿、乏力等)、血液毒性(白细胞减少、血小板减少等)、肝功能异常、肾功能异常的发生情况。(5)预后情况:随访1年,比较两组患者的无进展生存时间、中位总生存时间和1年生存率。
1.4统计学方法应用SPSS26.0软件包分析数据。计量资料以均数 ± 标准差 (\overline{{x}}± s) 表示,组间比较采用t检验,计数资料比较采用 \chi^{2} 检验。以 {P}{<}0.05 为差异具有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者的治疗效果比较观察组患者的ORR、DCR分别为 57.14% ,75.51% ,明显高于对照组的 34.96%\ 、55.10% ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表2。
组别 | 例数 | CR | PR | SD | PD | ORR (%) | DCR (%) |
观察组 | 49 | 0 | 28 | 9 | 12 | 57.14 | 75.51 |
对照组 | 49 | 0 | 17 | 10 | 22 | 34.69 | 55.10 |
x值 | 4.972 | 4.504 | |||||
P值 | 0.026 | 0.034 |
2.2两组患者治疗前后的肿瘤标志物比较治疗前,两组患者AFP、CA199、CEA水平比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗后,两组患者AFP、CA199、CEA水平均低于治疗前,且观察组患者AFP、CA199、CEA水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 见表3。
2.3两组患者治疗前后的T淋巴细胞亚群比较治疗前,两组患者 CD3^{+} CD4^{+} CD4^{+/C D8^{+}} 比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗后,两组患者 CD3^{+} CD4^{+} CD4^{+/C D8^{+}} 均高于治疗前,观察组 CD3^{ +} CD4^{+} CD4^{+/C D8^{+}} 均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P{<}0.05) ,见表4。
组别 | 例数 | AFP(μg/L) | CA199 (U/mL) | CEA(μg/L) | |||
治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | ||
观察组 | 49 | 683.45±125.73 | 410.23±73.52 | 257.34±63.81 | 176.40±23.62 | 34.29±4.61 | 21.48±2.73 |
对照组 | 49 | 676.84±130.65 | 489.54±98.47* | 260.59±57.42 | 202.51±32.47 | 35.06±4.28 | 26.99±3.60 |
t值 | 0.255 | 4.518 | 0.265 | 4.552 | 0.857 | 8.537 | |
P值 | 0.799 | 0.001 | 0.792 | 0.001 | 0.394 | 0.001 |
表4两组患者治疗前后的T淋巴细胞亚群比较 (\overline{{x}}± s)
组别 | 例数 | CD3+(%) | CD4* (%) | CD4+/CD8 | |||
治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | ||
观察组 | 49 | 43.83±5.28 | 53.03±4.47 | 31.83±3.75 | 39.69±3.28 | 0.76±0.11 | 0.97±0.14 |
对照组 | 49 | 44.17±4.72 | 48.96±5.28 | 32.06±3.41 | 36.14±2.87 | 0.74±0.15 | 0.85±0.12 |
t值 | 0.336 | 4.118 | 0.318 | 5.702 | 0.753 | 4.556 | |
P值 | 0.738 | 0.001 | 0.751 | 0.001 | 0.454 | 0.001 |
2.4两组患者的不良反应比较治疗期间两组患者的不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义( \scriptstyle P> 0.05),见表5。
2.5两组患者的预后比较随访1年,观察组患者失访3例,对照组失访2例。观察组患者无进展生存时间、中位总生存时间、生存率明显长(高)于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 见表6。
表5两组患者的不良反应比较[例 (%)]
组别 | 例数 | 胃肠道不适 | 皮肤黏膜毒性 | 肌肉组织毒性 | 血液毒性 | 肝功能异常 | 甲状腺功能异常 |
观察组 | 49 | 39 (79.59) | 20 (40.82) | 25 (51.02) | 16 (32.65) | 18 (36.73) | 8 (16.33) |
对照组 | 49 | 37 (75.51) | 15 (30.61) | 24 (48.98) | 18 (36.73) | 15 (30.61) | 4 (8.16) |
x值 | 0.234 | 1.111 | 0.041 | 0.180 | 0.411 | 1.519 | |
P值 | 0.628 | 0.292 | 0.840 | 0.671 | 0.521 | 0.218 |
表6两组患者的预后比较风 ± s ,例 (%)]
组别 | 例数 无进展生存时间(月) | 中位总生存时间(月) | 1年生存率 |
观察组 | 46 | 8.33±1.21 | 10.17±1.04 32 (69.57) |
对照组 | 47 | 7.12±1.08 | 8.76±1.23 23 (48.94) |
xh值 | 5.090 | 5.963 | 4.094 |
P值 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.043 |
3讨论
TACE是临床治疗晚期原发性肝癌患者的重要手段,该方式是通过联合化疗药物、栓塞剂,破坏肿瘤的血供,达到控制和缩小肿瘤的目的7-。虽然TACE能抑制晚期原发性肝癌的肿瘤进展,但TACE在治疗过程中会造成血氧缺失,可导致肿瘤细胞出现缺氧反应,促使血管内皮生长因子上调,导致新生血管形成,患者治疗后仍有着一定的复发率及转移率,整体治疗效果有待提升。
免疫抑制剂是近年来晚期原发性肝癌患者的研究热点。正常情况下,PD-1是T细胞表面的受体,当PD-1与肿瘤细胞表面的程序性死亡-配体-1 (PD-L1)蛋白相互结合后,可抑制T细胞活性,促使肿瘤细胞逃逸,通过阻断PD-1可解除对T细胞的抑制,从而恢复其抗肿瘤活性1。研究显示,PD-1抑制剂在改善晚期肿瘤患者免疫功能的同时,还能影响患者抑制性免疫检查点表达"。信迪利单抗属于全人源性抗PD-1,是自主研发的药物,近年来在临床上的应用也受到广泛关注。王俊洁等"研究显示,在不可切除肝癌患者的二线治疗中,采用信迪利单抗有助于延长患者的中位无进展生存期和总生存时间,且患者严重不良事件发生率低,整体安全性在可控范围之内。也有报道指出,随着随访时间的延长,联合信迪利单抗治疗在降低原发性肝癌患者AFP水平中更具有优势,具有较好的抗肿瘤效果"3。本研究结果显示,联合信迪利单抗的患者ORR、DCR更高,且血清AFP、CA199、CEA水平降低程度更明显,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 主要原因是,在TACE治疗过程中可能会上调多种肿瘤抑制性受体的表达,例如PD-1等,而通过联合PD-1抑制剂信迪利单抗治疗,可阻断PD-1与其配体之间的相互结合,从而提高对整体的抗肿瘤效果。本研究结果显示,联合信迪利单抗治疗的患者T淋巴细胞的改善程度更明显,差异有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,显示出患者的免疫应答因子的异常表达得到明显纠正,信迪利单抗可明显调节患者的细胞免疫功能。主要原因是信迪利单抗作为PD-1抑制剂,对T淋巴细胞的活性具有刺激作用,提高对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用,且PD-1信号被阻断后,可增强 CD4^{+} 辅助性T细胞的分泌功能,进一步激活免疫系统,改善患者细胞免疫功能,恢复机体的抗肿瘤活性;且信迪利单抗可促进记忆性T细胞的生成,为机体提供长期的免疫监视,这也可能是患者临床疗效更高的内在机制之一。本研究结果也显示,随访1年,联合信迪利单抗治疗的患者进展生存时间、中位总生存时间、生存率均更长(高),差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,提示该方案在加强机体免疫力、提高抗肿瘤活性后,可进一步改善患者的近期生存情况。张永红等报道中也显示,联合信迪利单抗能有效抑制肝癌患者肿瘤生长、改善免疫功能,在延长生存周期中有重要价值。除此之外,有关信迪利单抗的用药安全性临床上仍在不断验证,如何在提高对原发性肝癌患者治疗疗效的同时避免严重不良事件的发生也具有重要作用。本研究通过观察发现,联合信迪利单抗治疗的患者不良反应均未明显增加,所有患者不良反应多为I~Ⅱ级,未发生严重不良反应,提示信迪利单抗在晚期原发性肝癌中的应用也具有较好的安全性。惠锋等实验中也显示,联合信迪利单抗治疗未增加患者食欲不振、腹泻、手部皮肤反应、口腔黏膜出血等发生率,且经过治疗后患者症状均缓解,与本研究有一定相似性。
综上所述,采用信迪利单抗联合TACE的方案治疗晚期原发性肝癌可有效改善患者的T淋巴细胞亚群,提高近期疗效,且安全性良好。但对于信迪利单抗治疗原发性肝癌患者更长期的疗效仍有待开展更大样本量、更长时间的研究持续探讨。
参考文献
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·论著·
持续低效血液透析联合血液灌注对脓毒症终末期肾脏病患者肾功能、血清PCT、KIM-1水平及预后的影响
姜少利',闫国胜2,李丽丽3
1.黄河科技学院附属医院肾内科(血液净化室),河南郑州450000;2.河南省人民医院血液净化中心,河南郑州450000;3.郑州市第六人民医院血液净化室,河南郑州450000
【摘要】目的探讨持续低效血液透析联合血液灌注对脓毒症终末期肾脏病患者肾功能、血清降钙素原(PCT)、肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)水平及预后的影响。方法选择2022年2月至2024年2月黄河科技学院附属医院接诊的80例脓毒症终末期肾病患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组患者采用常规治疗联合持续低效血液透析治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上联合血液灌注治疗,两组患者均持续治疗 28\;d_{\odot} 治疗前及治疗7d后,比较两组患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEIⅡI)评分;比较两组患者的血肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿量、估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR);比较两组患者的血清PCT、KIM-1;比较两组患者的肿瘤坏死因子- ^-α TNF{-}α) 、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的变化;比较两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生率;治疗28d后,比较两组患者的病死率。结果治疗前,两组患者的MAP、HR、APACHEⅡI评分比较差异无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗7d后,观察组患者MAP为(89.01±4.68) mmHg ,明显高于对照组的 (85.23±5.34) mmHg ,HR、APACHEⅡI评分分别为 (104.06{±}5.18) 次 /min (18.02{±}2.31) 分,均明显低于对照组的 (109.33±6.12)V/min ,(20.14±2.54)\hat{Z} 分,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。治疗前,两组患者的SCr、BUN、尿量、eGFR比较差异无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗7d后,观察组SCr、BUN分别为(267.05±28.34) {\mumol/L,(18.67±2.32) {mmol/L,}} 均明显低于对照组的 (302.56±31.84) {\mumol/L_{*}(22.49±2.61) {mmol/L_{*}}} 尿量、eGFR为 (875.21±128.59) mL/24 h ,(42.03±3.29) mL/(min*1.73 m^{\circ)} ,明显高于对照组的 (798.64\substack{±133.29}) mL/24 h (38.17±3.73)\;mL/(min*1.73\;m^{2}) ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。治疗前,两组患者的PCT、KIM-1水平比较差异无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗7d后,观察组患者血清PCT、KIM-1水平分别为 (8.63\substack{±1.85})\;ng/mL ,(17.49\substack{±2.01})\;ng/mL ,均明显低于对照组的 (9.92{±}1.60)\;ng/mL ,(20.35{±}2.64)\;ng/mL ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。治疗前,两组患者的TNF- bf{\em{α}} 、IL-6、hs-CRP水平比较差异无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗7d后,观察组患者血清TNF- bf{\em{α}} 、IL-6、hs-CRP为(62.37±8.12) pg/L_{√((22.30±2.85)) n g/L_{√((7.50±1.32))} m g/L_{√((7.50±1.32))}} ,均低于对照组的 (71.53±9.40) pg/L ,(29.41±3.29) ng/L ,(9.17± 1.53)\;mg/L ,差异有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。治疗期间,观察组患者透析失衡综合征、低血压、低血糖、出血、心律失常发生率分别为 20.00%\small{,25.00%}\small{,10.00%}\small{,15.00%}\small{,5.00%} ,对照组分别为 17.50%\ 、30.00%\ 、5.00%\ 、12.50%\ 、7.50% ,差异无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) 。治疗28d后,观察组患者病死率为 30.00% ,明显低于对照组的 52.50% ,差异有统计学意义(P{<}0.05) 。结论持续低效血液透析联合血液灌注有助于改善脓毒症终末期肾脏病患者的肾功能,且能降低血清PCT、KIM-1水平,并改善患者预后,值得临床推广。
【关键词】脓毒症;终末期肾病;血液透析;血液灌注;肾功能;预后 【中图分类号】R692 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1003—6350(2025)03—0332—05
Effects of continuous low-efficiency hemodialysis combined with blood perfusion on renal function, serum PCT, KIM-1 levels and prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease in sepsis. JIANG Shao-li', YAN Guo-sheng ^, LI Li-li". 1. Department of Nephrology (Blood Purification Room),Huanghe S&T College Affiliated Hospital,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan, CHINA; 2.Blood Purification Center,Henan Provincial People's Hospital,Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, CHINA;3.Blood Purification Room,Zhengzhou SixthPeople'sHospital,Zhengzhou 45000o,Henan,CHINA
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of continuous low-efficiency hemodialysis combined with blood perfusion on renal function, serum procalcitonin (PCT) and renal injury molecular 1 (KIM-1) levels and prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease in sepsis.MethodsA prospective study was conducted on 80 patients with sepsis end-stage renal disease admitted to Huanghe S&T College Affiliated Hospital from February 2022 toFebruary 2024. The patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 40 patients in each group. Patients in the control group received conventional treatment combined with continuous low-efficiency hemodialysis treatment, while those in the observation group received continuous low-efficiency hemodialysis combined with blood perfusion, continuously for 28 days.Before and after 7 days of treatment,the two groups were compared in the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation ⅡI (APACHE II) scoring system; the levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine output, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); the serum PCT and KIM-1 levels; the changes in tumor necrosis factor bf{\em{α}} \scriptstyle\left(TNF-α\right) ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels; and the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment and the mortality rate after 28 days of treatment. Results Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in MAP, HR, and APACHE II scores between the two groups of patients (P{>}0.05) .After 7 days of treatment, the MAP of the observation group was (89.01±4.68) mmHg, significantly higher than the control group's (85.23±5.34) mmHg; the HR and APACHE II scores were (104.06{±}5.18) beats/min and (18.02{±}2.31) points, respectively,which were significantly lower than the control group's (109.33{±}6.12) beats/min and (20.14±2.54) points; the differences were statistically significant (P{<}0.05) .Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in SCr, BUN, urine output, and eGFR (P>0.05) .After 7 days of treatment, the SCr and BUN of the observation group were (267.05{\scriptstyle±28.34} \ensuremath{\upmumol}/\ensuremath{L} and (18.67{\scriptstyle±2.32}) mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (302.56{±}31.84) \upmumol/L and (22.49{±}2.61 )mmol/L of the control group; the urine output and eGFR were (875.21{±}128.59) ) mL/24 h and (42.03{±}3.29)\;mL/(min*1.73\;m^{2}) ,respectively, which were significantly higher than (798.64±133.29)~mL/24 h and (38.17±3.73)~mL/(min*1.73~m^{2}) of the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P{<}0.05) .Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in PCT and KIM-1 levels between the two groups of patients (P{>}0.05) .After 7 days of treatment, the serum levels of PCT and KIM-1 in the observation group were (8.63±1.85)~ng/mL and (17.49{±}2.01)\;ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than (9.92±1.60)~ng/mL and (20.35±2.64)~ng/mL in the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P{<}0.05) .Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of TNF- bf{\em{α}} , IL-6, and hs-CRP between the two groups of patients (P{>}0.05) .After 7 days of treatment, the serum levels of TNF- bf{\em{α}} , IL-6, and hs-CRP in the observation group were (62.37{\scriptstyle±8.12}) pg/L (22.30{±}2.85)~ng/L and (7.50{±}1.32)\;mg/L respectively, significantly lower than (71.53{\scriptstyle±9.40}) pg/L (29.41{\scriptstyle±3.29})\;ng/L ,and (9.17{±}1.53)\;mg/L in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P{<}0.05) . During the treatment period, the incidence rates of dialysis imbalance syndrome, hypotension, hypoglycemia, bleeding, and arrhythmia in the observation group were 20.00% 25.00% 10.00% 15.00% , and 5.00% ,respectively,versus 17.50% 30.00% 5.00% 12.50% and 7.50% in the control group (P{>}0.05) After 28 days of treatment,the mortality rate of the observation group was 30.00% ,significantly lower than the control group's 52.50% _{\left(P<0.05\right)} . Conclusion Continuous low-efficiency hemodialysis combined with blood perfusion can improve the renal function of patients with end-stage renal disease with sepsis, reduce serum PCT and KIM-1 levels, and improve the prognosis of patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
【Key words】 Sepsis; End-stage renal disease; Hemodialysis; Hemoperfusion; Kidney function; Prognosis
脓毒症是临床上的一种危重急症,病死率较高,随着疾病的不断进展,患者可继发多器官功能障碍,其中较为常见的则是急性肾损伤(AKI),尤其是当患者的肾损伤程度进展至终末期肾病时,可进一步增加患者的病死率,影响预后2。连续肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)是一种体外血液净化方式,其可去除肾脏中的有毒物质,维持机体内部环境的稳定性,有助于改善患者肾功能。但CRRT在使用时机、剂量、时间方面存在着较大争议,临床应用有一定风险。血液透析、血液灌注均是近年来广泛关注的血液净化方式,具有操作难度低、出血风险低等优点。血液透析主要是将患者体内的血液引流到体外,通过半透膜清除毒素后再输回体内,但对于大中分子毒素的过滤效果有一定不足;血液灌注则是通过固态吸附的灌流器吸附机体中的大分子毒素,但在小分子毒素的清除效果方面效果劣于血液透析。基于两者的特点,目前临床较多研究将血液透析、血液灌注两种方式相互联合,结果显示联合治疗有助于进一步改善肾病患者的肾功能,且安全性较好B4。但关于其在脓毒症终末期肾脏病患者中的具体作用优势,尚处于探讨阶段。因此,本研究主要观察持续低效血液透析联合血液灌注在脓毒症终末期肾脏病患者中的应用效果,并观察其对患者肾功能、血清降钙素原(PCT)、肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)水平及预后的影响。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料选择2022年2月至2024年2月黄河科技学院附属医院收治的80例脓毒症终末期肾病患者作为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)符合脓毒症诊断标准者";(2)脓毒症发病后患者出现AKI,病情达到终末期;(3)急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分12\~30分者。排除标准:(1)脓毒症发病前即合并其余慢性肾脏疾病者;(2)患者存在明显的出血倾向;(3)长期服用免疫抑制剂者;(4)合并恶性肿瘤者;(5)合并其余器官功能严重损伤者。按随机数表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组40例,两组患者一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义 (P>0.05) ,具有可比性,见表1。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会批准(审批号:2024伦审第14号),且所有患者及家属均签署研究知情同意书。
表1两组患者的一般资料比较[ ± s ,例 %)]
组别 | 例数 | 性别 | 年龄(岁) | 体质量指数(kg/m") | 原发疾病 | 肾损伤病程(d) | ||||
男 | 女 | 肺部感染 | 腹腔感染 | 创伤感染 | 其他 | |||||
观察组 | 40 | 23 (57.50) | 17 (42.50) | 55.89±7.61 | 23.40±3.26 | 19 (47.50) | 11 (27.50) | 6 (15.00) | 4 (10.00) | 2.10±0.59 |
对照组 | 40 | 25 (62.50) | 15 (37.50) | 56.23±7.45 | 23.29±3.41 | 15 (37.50) | 12 (30.00) | 8 (20.00) | 5 (12.50) | 2.14±0.51 |
xht值 | 0.208 | 0.202 | 0.147 | 0.911 | 0.324 | |||||
P值 | 0.648 | 0.841 | 0.883 | 0.823 | 0.767 |
1.2治疗方法
1.2.1对照组该组患者在常规治疗基础上给予持续低效血液透析治疗。常规治疗包括积极液体复苏、呼吸支持、抗感染、控制血压血糖、维持水电解质评分、控制血糖等。持续低效血液透析治疗方法:由颈内静脉或股静脉置管,建立临时血管通过,使用费森尤斯高通量透析器F60、血液透析机40085,首先使用肝素抗凝,设置血流量为 150~200\ mL/min ,流速250~300\;mL/min ,每日治疗 8~12 h
1.2.2观察组该组患者在对照组治疗的基础上联合血液灌注治疗。具体方法:采用珠海健帆生物科技生产的树脂灌流器HA130型,使用 200~mL 肝素生理盐水冲洗灌流器,冲洗 30\;min 后,将血液灌流器与血液透析器串联,持续治疗 2~h 后,取下血液灌流器,继续低效血液透析治疗,每日治疗 8~12 h
1.3观察指标与评价(检测)方法 (1)生命体征、APACHEⅡ评分:治疗前及治疗7d后,比较两组患者平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)及APACHEⅡI评分的变化,APACHEⅡ评分分值越高则代表患者病情越严重。(2)肾功能:治疗前及治疗7d后,采集两组患者治疗前、治疗7d后的空腹静脉血 10~mL ,常规离心处理(转速 3\ 000 r/min ,时间 10 min ,半径 15cm) ,提取上层血清液样本备检,肾功能指标包括血肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN),采用BS-180型全自动生化分析仪测定,并记录尿量及计算估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)。(3)血清PCT、KIM-1水平:治疗前及治疗7d后,采用免疫化学发光法测定两组患者的血清PCT,采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法测定KIM-1。(4)炎症因子:治疗前及治疗7d后,采用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法测定两组患者的血清炎症因子,包括肿瘤坏死因子 \mathbf{-}α \scriptstyle\left(TNF-α\right) 小、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)。(5)安全性:比较两组患者治疗期间主要透析不良反应,包括透析失衡综合征(头晕头痛、恶心呕吐等)低血压、低血糖、出血及心律失常。(6预后:治疗28d后,比较两组患者的病死率。
1.4统计学方法应用SPSS26.0软件包分析数据。计量资料以均数 \vdots± 标准差 ({\overline{{x}}}± s) 表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对样本t检验,计数资料比较采用x检验。以 P{<}0.05 表示差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者治疗前后的生命体征和APACHEⅡ评分比较治疗前,两组患者的MAP、HR、APACHEⅡI评分比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗7d后,两组患者的MAP均高于治疗前,HR、APACHEⅡI评分均低于治疗前,且观察组患者的MAP明显高于对照组,HR、APACHEⅡI评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表2。
表2两组患者治疗前后的生命体征和APACHEII评分比较 ({\overline{{x}}}± s)
组别 | 例数 | MAP(mmHg) | HR (次/min) | APACHEⅡI评分(分) | |||
治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | 治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | 治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | ||
观察组 | 40 | 81.67±7.29 | 89.01±4.68 | 117.65±7.26 | 104.06±5.18 | 24.28±2.61 | 18.02±2.31 |
对照组 | 40 | 81.11±7.53 | 85.23±5.34 | 117.97±6.51 | 109.33±6.12 | 23.97±2.86 | 20.14±2.54 |
t值 | 0.338 | 3.367 | 0.208 | 4.157 | 0.506 | 3.733 | |
P值 | 0.736 | 0.001 | 0.836 | 0.000 | 0.614 | 0.000 |
2.2两组患者治疗前后的肾功能指标比较治疗前,两组患者的SCr、BUN、尿量、eGFR比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗7d后,两组患者的 \operatorname{SCr} BUN均低于治疗前,尿量、eGFR均高于治疗前,且观察组患者SCr、BUN明显低于对照组,尿量、eGFR明显多(高)于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表3。
2.3两组患者治疗前后的血清PCT、KIM-1水平比较治疗前,两组患者的PCT、KIM-1水平比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗7d后,两组患者PCT、KIM-1水平均低于治疗前,且观察组患者血清PCT、KIM-1水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表4。
组别 | 例数 | SCr(μmol/L) | BUN (mmol/L) | 尿量(mL/24h) | eGFR [mL/(min·1.73 m²)] | ||||
治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | 治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | 治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | 治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | ||
观察组 | 40 | 386.42±38.51 | 267.05±28.34 | 28.56±3.17 | 18.67±2.32 | 685.23±161.42 | 875.21±128.59* | 33.82±4.71 | 42.03±3.29 |
对照组 | 40 | 384.71±39.60 | 302.56±31.84 | 28.70±2.95 | 22.49±2.61 | 688.83±154.27 | 798.64±133.29* | 34.10±4.29 | 38.17±3.73 |
值 | 0.196 | 5.269 | 0.204 | 6.918 | 0.102 | 2.615 | 0.278 | 4.908 | |
P值 | 0.845 | 0.000 | 0.839 | 0.000 | 0.919 | 0.011 | 0.782 | 0.000 |
组别 | 例数 | PCT | KIM1 | ||
治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | 治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | ||
观察组 | 40 | 15.83±2.47 | 8.63±1.85 | 25.83±3.47 | 17.49±2.01* |
对照组 | 40 | 16.14±2.50 | 9.92±1.60 | 25.69±3.60 | 20.35±2.64* |
t值 | 0.558 | 3.336 | 0.177 | 5.451 | |
P值 | 0.579 | 0.001 | 0.860 | 0.000 |
2.4两组患者治疗前后的血清炎症因子水平比较治疗前,两组患者的TNF- \mathbf{\Psi}^{∞} IL^{-6} 、hs-CRP水平比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗7d后,两组患者的血清TNF- \mathbf{\nabla}α \mathbb{L}^{-6} 、hs-CRP水平均低于治疗前,且观察组患者治疗后的血清 TNF{-}α ,IL{-}6 、hs-CRP水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表5。
2.5两组患者的不良反应比较两组患者治疗期间的透析失衡综合征、低血压、低血糖、出血、心律失常发生率比较差异均无统计学意义 (P>0.05) ,见表6。
表5两组患者治疗前后的血清炎症因子水平比较 (\overline{{x}}± s)
组别 | 例数 | TNF-α(pg/L) | IL-6 (ng/L) | hs-CRP (mg/L) | |||
治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | 治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | 治疗前 | 治疗7d后 | ||
观察组 | 40 | 85.73±12.82 | 62.37±8.12 | 38.65±5.32 | 22.30±2.85 | 12.25±2.61 | 7.50±1.32 |
对照组 | 40 | 86.15±10.57 | 71.53±9.40* | 38.21±6.17 | 29.41±3.29* | 12.65±2.73 | 9.17±1.53a |
t值 | 0.160 | 4.664 | 0.342 | 10.331 | 0.670 | 5.227 | |
P值 | 0.873 | 0.000 | 0.734 | 0.000 | 0.505 | 0.000 |
组别 例数透析失衡综合征低血压 | 低血糖 | 出血 | 心律失常 | |
观察组40 | 8 (20.00) 7 (17.50) | 10 (25.00) 4 (10.00) 6 (15.00) 2 (5.00) 12 (30.00) 2 (5.00) | 5 (12.50) 3 (7.50) | |
对照组40 x值 | 0.082 | 0.251 0.721 | 0.105 | 0.213 |
P值 | 0.775 | 0.617 0.396 | 0.745 | 0.644 |
2.6两组患者28d的病死率比较治疗28d后,观察组患者的病死率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义 (\chi^{2}{=}4.178,P{=}0.041{<}0.05) ,见表7。
组别 | 例数 | 病死 | 存活 | 病死率(%) |
观察组 | 40 | 12 | 28 | 30.00 |
对照组 | 40 | 21 | 19 | 52.50 |
3讨论
脓毒症是一种由严重感染所致的全身系统性炎症反应综合征,具有病情凶险、预后差的特点,在脓毒症感染早期,机体的内分泌系统、免疫细胞可大量释放炎症因子,随着病情的进展,患者可出现多器官功能障碍,其中以AKI最为常见。若患者的病情进展至终末期肾脏病,可进一步加重病情负担,影响预后。因此,积极寻找一种有效的治疗方式显得十分重要。
针对脓毒症终末期肾脏病患者的治疗目前尚无特效的手段,除积极治疗原发疾病外,有效的肾脏保护手段占据着重要地位。临床在治疗肾脏疾病方法中多采用血液净化治疗,主要是使用血液净化装置,通过体外循环的方式,帮助患者清除体内毒素、纠正机体环境紊乱,且血液净化治疗可减少出血风险,具有较好的安全性"1"。目前临床上较为常用的血液净化方式包括血液透析、血液灌注等,各自具有优缺点。
PCT是诊断及评估脓毒症预后的重要指标,PCT的表达主要受细菌内毒素、炎症反应等调控,且能直接在肾脏系膜细胞产生作用,诱导肾脏系膜凋亡,参与着脓毒症患者的肾损伤过程"。KIM-1属于一种I型膜蛋白,主要分泌来自肾脏近曲小管的上皮细胞,当肾功能出现损伤时KIM-1表达可明显升高。研究显示,血清KIM-1与脓毒症患者发生AKI密切相关,且对其的监测有助于指导临床治疗[2-13]。
本研究结果显示,采用持续低效血液透析联合血液灌注治疗的患者血清PCT、KIM-1降低程度更明显,且MAP、HR、APACHEⅡI评分、肾功能指标及炎症因子指标改善更明显,差异有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。经分析是由于血液透析采用持续低效的方式,血流量、流速均降低,治疗过程中溶质、水分的清除速度缓慢且连续,可稳速清除血液中的毒素,但大分子的速度物质难以通过单纯的血液透析清除,通过联合血液灌注可提高疗效。且本研究采用的中性合成树脂血液灌流器具有较强的吸附能力,不仅能提高吸附容量和速率,而且可弥补单纯血液透析治疗难以清除大分子物质的缺陷。此外,患者细菌内毒素得到清除后,有助于缓解体内炎症反应程度,降低血清炎症因子及PCT水平,从而缓解肾损伤程度,继而降低血清KIM-1水平。相关研究也显示,采用血液透析、血液灌注联合可进一步提高对肾病患者的治疗效果,对患者肾功能具有保护作用4-15。本研究结果也显示,采用持续低效血液透析联合血液灌注的患者治疗后的28d病死率更低,差异有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,提示该方式在有效缓解肾损伤程度后,也有助于改善患者预后。在安全性方面,两组患者透析失衡综合征、低血压、低血糖、出血、心律失常发生率方面差异均无统计学意义 (P>0.05) ,且症状均较为轻微,经对应治疗后患者均好转,无严重的不良事件发生,提示联合血液灌注不增加不良事件的发生率,具有较好的安全性。然而本研究也有不足,血液净化是一个长期治疗过程,本研究未能观察患者更长期的疗效及安全性,且未能分析钙磷代谢等指标的变化等,今后仍有待开展更优质的实验持续探讨。
综上所述,持续低效血液透析联合血液灌注在脓毒症终末期肾脏病患者中应用效果明显,有助于促进肾功能恢复、降低血清PCT、KIM-1水平,并改善患者预后,具有临床应用价值。
参考文献
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·论著·
脑循环系统治疗仪辅助治疗偏执型精神分裂症的疗效与安全性研究
张艳,高咏莉²,邱松伟1
郑州市第八人民医院七病区急诊科2,河南郑州450000
【摘要】目的探讨脑循环系统治疗仪辅助治疗偏执型精神分裂症(PSZ)患者的临床效果和安全性。方法前瞻性选取2022年2月至2024年3月郑州市第八人民医院收治的136例PSZ患者纳人研究,按随机数表法分为对照组和研究组各68例。对照组患者给予鲁拉西酮片治疗,研究组患者在对照组治疗的基础上给予脑循环系统治疗仪治疗,均治疗6周。比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前、治疗6周后(治疗后)的临床症状[阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分]、炎症因子[白细胞介素- 1β (IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子- \mathbf{\Psi}^{W} (TNF- *α )、IL-6]、氧化应激指标[过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 \left(GSH-Px\right) 小、神经因子[胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、星形胶质源性蛋白(S100β)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)]、认知功能[认知功能成套测试(MCCB)]、社会功能[个体与社会功能量表(PSP)]、生活质量[精神分裂症生活质量量表(SQLS)]和生活满意度[生活满意度量表(SWLS),同时比较两组患者治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。结果研究组患者的治疗总有效率为 77.94% ,明显高于对照组的 61.76% ,差异有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;治疗后,研究组患者PANSS量表中的阴性症状、一般精神病理症状、阳性症状评分及总分分别为( 14.76±2.12) 分、 (19.87{±}1.02) 分 (15.36{±}1.42) 分、 49.99{±}4.52) 分,明显低于对照组的 (18.59{±}2.68) 分、 (23.35{±}1.36) 分 .(19.33{±}1.87) 分 .(61.27{±}6.81) 分,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;治疗后,研究组患者的IL 1β 、TNF- bf{\em{α}} 、IL-6、MDA分别为 (30.25±3.26) ng/L_{*(9.33±2.03) n g/L_{*}(3.86±0.46) n g/L_{*}(1.95±0.51) n m o l/L_{*}(0.33±2.03) n g/L_{*}(0.33±0.46)} ,明显低于对照组的(35.87±4.11 ) ng/L_{√((13.35±3.17) ng/L_{sqrt{(4.77±0.41) ng/L_{sqrt{(2.87±1.03) ng)}}}}} nmol/L,SOD、CAT、GSH- \mathbf{\nabla}*\mathbf{Px} 分别为(26.38{±}5.32 U/mL,(9.37±2.12)\;U/mL,(90.35±6.12)\;U/mL ,明显高于对照组的 (22.41±4.63)\;U/mL.(7.93±1.85)\;U/mL (83.64±5.58) U/mL ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;治疗后,研究组患者的 S100β 、GFAP分别为 (0.97{±}0.30)\;ng/mL (1.72\{±0.35\} ng/mL ,明显低于对照组的 (1.35±0.32) ng/mL ,(2.18±0.42) ng/mL ,BDNF为 (29.72{±}3.52) pg/mL ,明显高于对照组的 (25.17{±}2.19) pg/mL ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;治疗后,研究组患者的SQLS评分为 (42.63{±}6.23) 分,明显低于对照组的 58.24{±}7.11 分,MCCB、PSP、SWLS评分分别为 (43.52{\scriptstyle±6.85}) 分、 (78.63{\scriptstyle±5.36}) 分、 (32.03{±}1.01) 分,明显高于对照组的( 38.63{±}5.43) 分 (73.68{±}4.28) 分、 28.95{±}1.23) 分,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;治疗期间两组患者的不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05) 。结论脑循环系统治疗仪辅助治疗PSZ可缓解患者的临床症状,减轻神经功能损伤,改善认知功能、社会功能,减轻炎症、氧化应激反应,提升生活质量及生活满意度,临床应用效果显著且安全性高。
【关键词】偏执型精神分裂症;鲁拉西酮片;脑循环系统治疗仪;认知功能;炎症因子;安全性
Efficacy and safety of cerebral circulatory system therapy device in the auxiliary treatment of paranoid schizophrenia.ZHANGYan',GAOYong- -{\it l i} , QIU Song-wei' Ward VIl', Department of Emergency, the Eighth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of cerebral circulatory system therapy device in the auxiliary treatment of patients with aranoid schizophrenia (PSZ). Methods A total of 136 patients with PSZ admitted to the Eighth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou from February 2022 to March 2024 were included in the study. The patients were divided into a control group and a study group according to the random number table, with 68 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with Lurasidone tablets, while those in the study group were treated with a cerebral circulation system therapy device on the basis of the control group's treatment. The treatment lasted for 6 weeks. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared, as well as the changes in clinical symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] scores), inflammatory factors (interleukin- 1β [IL-1β],tumor necrosisfactor \mathbf{\nabla}α [TNF-α], IL-6), oxidative stress indicators (catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase[SOD],glutathioneperoxidase[GSH- \mathbf{\nabla*Px}] ), neurotrophic factors (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], S100 calcium binding protein [S100β]),brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]), cognitive function (MATRICS Consensus
Cognitive Battery[MCCB]), social function (Personal and Social Performance Scale[PSP]), quality of life (Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale [SQLS]), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) before treatment and at 6 weeks after treatment. ResultsThe total effective rate of the study group was 77.94% ,which was significantly higher than the control group's 61.76% (P{<}0.05) . After treatment, the negative symptom, general psychopathological symptom, positive symptom score, and total score of PANSS in the study group were ( (14.76{±}2.12) points, (19.87{±}1.02) points, (15.36{±}1.42) points, and 49.99±4.52) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than (18.59±2.68) points, (23.35±1.36) points, (19.33{±}1.87) points, and (61.27{±}6.81) points in the control group (P{<}0.05) ..After treatment, the levels of IL 1β TNF- \boldsymbol{α} IL-6, and MDA in the study group were (30.25{±}3.26) ng/L (9.33{±}2.03) ng/L (3.86{±}0.46) ng/L and (1.95{±}0.51 ) nmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (35.87±4.11) ng/L,(13.35±3.17) ng/L,(4.77±0.41) ng/L and (2.87{±}1.03) )nmol/L in the control group, and the levels of SOD,CAT, and GSH- \mathbf{\nabla}*\mathbf{Px} were (26.38\substack{±5.32}) U/mL ,(9.37±2.12) U/mL, and _{(90.35±} 6.12) U/mL respectively, which were significantly higher than (22.41{±}4.63) U/mL , (7.93±1.85) U/mL, and (83.64±5.58 U/mL in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P{<}0.05) . After treatment, the S100β and GFAP levels in the study group were (0.97\{±0.30\}~ng/mL and (1.72±0.35)~ng/mL respectively, which were significantly lower than (1.35\{±0.32\}\;ng/mL and (2.18{±}0.42)~ng/mL in the control group,and the BDNF level was (29.72±3.52)~pg/mL ,which was significantly higher than (25.17{±}2.19)\;pg/mL in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P{<}0.05) After treatment, the SQLS score of patients in the study group was (42.63{\scriptstyle±6.23}) points, which was significantly lower than 58.24{±}7.11) points of the control group (P{<}0.05) .The MCCB, PSP, and SWLS scores were ( 43.52{\scriptstyle±6.85}) points, (78.63±5.36) points, and (32.03±1.01) points,respectively, which were significantly higher than (38.63±5.43) points, (73.68{±}4.28) points, and (28.95{±}1.23) points of the control group (P{<}0.05) . There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P{>}0.05) Conclusion The cerebral circulation system therapy device has significant effects in the auxiliary treatment of paranoid schizophrenia, which can alleviate clinical symptoms and neurological damage,improve cognitive and social functions, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress reactions, and enhance quality of life and life satisfaction, with high safety.
【Key words】 Paranoid schizophrenia; Lurasidone tablets; Cerebral circulation system therapy device; Cognitivefunction;Inflammatory factors;Safety
精神分裂症是一种重性精神疾病,自杀、致残率极高。研究显示,约 50% 的精神分裂症患者有自杀倾向,约 10% 的患者最终死于自杀"。且精神分裂症类型中尤以偏执型精神分裂症(paranoid schizophrenia,PSZ)最为常见,约占精神分裂症的 70% ,其以被害、夸大、被控制等偏执性妄想为主要症状,可累及认知功能、社会功能,严重时可出现自残、伤人行为,不仅严重威胁患者生命安全,也给社会带来了极大的危害²-3。因此,积极探讨PSZ的有效治疗方法具有重要意义。目前PSZ主要以对症治疗为主,鲁拉西酮为新型抗精神病药物,可通过拮抗中枢多巴胺和5-羟色胺受体发挥治疗作用,目前已在精神分裂症患者中有所应用,可有效改善患者临床症状4”。但单纯药物治疗效果较为局限,仍有部分患者治疗效果欠佳"。脑循环系统治疗仪是脑梗死、脑瘫等脑部疾病的常用治疗仪器,可改善脑部微循环及脑神经功能,减轻认知功能障碍,近年来,其已逐渐应用于精神分裂症治疗中8-9,但目前鲁拉西酮片联合脑循环系统治疗仪治疗PSZ的研究较少。基于此,本研究尝试应用脑循环系统治疗仪辅助治疗PSZ,探讨其临床治疗效果和安全性。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料前瞻性选取2022年2月至2024年
3月郑州市第八人民医院收治的136例PSZ患者作
为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)符合PSZ诊断标准"";(2)年龄 {\mathord{\left/{\vphantom{~eq}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace}}8 岁;(3)阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分>=slant60 分;(4)认知正常;(5)依从性好;(6)签署知情同意书。排除标准:(1)对本研究药物过敏;(2)颅脑外伤史;(3)存在自杀、暴力等精神症状;(4)妊娠及哺乳期女性。按随机数表法分为对照组和研究组,每组68例,两组患者的一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义( \scriptstyle P> 0.05),具有可比性,见表1。本研究经郑州市第八人民医院伦理委员会审核批准(审批号:220112003)。
一般资料 | 对照组(n=68) | 研究组(n=68) | t/x²/u值 | P值 |
性别 | 0.118 | 0.731 | ||
男 | 35 (51.47) | 37 (54.41) | ||
女 | 33 (48.53) | 31 (45.59) | ||
年龄(岁) | 30.25±4.12 | 31.05±4.38 | 1.097 | 0.275 |
病程(月) | 12.52±2.12 | 13.11±2.34 | 1.541 | 0.126 |
家族史 | 0.056 | 0.812 | ||
有 | 10 (14.71) | 11 (16.18) | ||
无 | 58 (85.29) | 57 (83.82) | ||
文化程度 | 0.465 | 0.642 | ||
初中及以下 | 11 (16.18) | 10 (14.71) | ||
高中/中专 | 31 (45.59) | 29 (42.65) | ||
大专及以上 | 26 (38.24) | 29 (42.65) | ||
PANSS评分(分) | 90.97±7.09 | 93.07±7.22 | 1.711 | 0.089 |
1.2治疗方法对照组患者口服鲁拉西酮片(江苏豪森药业集团有限公司,批准文号:H20213461),40~mg/ 次,1次/d,连续治疗6周。研究组患者在对照组治疗的基础上联合YS-3004C型脑循环系统治疗仪,磁感应强度、磁场频率、振动频率分别为 3~25~mT 50 {Hz,0~10 {Hz}} ,振幅 0~27 V 20 min/ 次,1次/d,3次/周,治疗6周。
1.3观察指标与评价(检测)方法(1)临床疗效":治疗6周后评价两组患者的治疗效果。PANSS评分减分率 <25% 为无效, 25%~49% 为有效, 50%~74% 为显效, \gtrsim75% 为临床控制。总有效率 =0 临床控制 ^+. 显效 ^+ 有效)例数/总例数 x100% 。(2)临床症状:治疗前、治疗6周后(治疗后)采用PANSS评估两组患者的临床症状,该量表包括阴性量表、一般精神病理量表和阳性量表,总分30\~240分。得分越高提示该项症状越严重。(3)炎症因子、氧化应激指标和神经因子:治疗前后抽取两组患者晨起空腹静脉血 3\;mL,3\;000\;r/min 离心 12\ min 取血清,以酶联免疫吸附法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)、肿瘤坏死因子 -α \scriptstyle\left[TNF-α\right] 、丙二醛(MDA)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、白细胞介素-1β (IL^{-1}β) 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) IL^{-6} 、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、星形胶质源性蛋白(S100B)。其中CAT、BDNF、S100B检测试剂盒均购自上海江莱生物科技有限公司, TNF{-}α _{\setminus}IL{-}6 检测试剂盒购自上海拜力生物科技有限公司, IL^{-1}β SOD检测试剂盒均购自上海联迈生物工程有限公司,MDA、GFAP、GSH-Px检测试剂盒分别购自上海钰博生物科技有限公司、上海康朗生物科技有限公司、上海笃玛生物科技有限公司。(4)认知功能:治疗前后采用认知功能成套测试(MCCB)评估两组患者的认知功能,MCCB包含7个维度,每个维度有单独的评价方式,评分越低,认知越差。(5)社会功能和生活质量:治疗前后分别采用个体与社会功能量表(PSP)、精神分裂症生活质量量表(SQLS)评估两组患者的社会功能和生活质量,两个量表总分均为100分,PSP量表得分越高社会功能越好,SQLS量表得分越高生活质量越差。(6)生活满意度:治疗前后采用生活满意度量表(SWLS)评估两组患者的生活满意度,该量表共5个条目,每个条目1\~7分,总分5\~35分,得分越高,提示生活满意度越高。(7)安全性:比较两组患者治疗期间的失眠、嗜睡、消化不良、头晕、心慌等不良反应发生情况。
1.4统计学方法应用SPSS26.0统计学软件分析数据。计量资料以均数 ± 标准差 ({\overline{{x}}}± s) 表示,组间比较采用独立样本 t 检验,组内比较采用配对样本 t 检验,计数资料比较采用 \chi^{2} 检验。以 {P<0.05} 为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者的临床疗效比较研究组患者的治疗总有效率为 77.94% ,明显高于对照组的 61.76% 差异有统计意义 (\chi^{2}{=}4.225 ,P{=}0.040{<}0.05) ,见表2。
组别 | 例数 | 临床控制 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率(%) |
研究组 | 68 | 4 | 19 | 30 | 15 | 77.94 |
对照组 | 68 | 1 | 13 | 28 | 26 | 61.76 |
2.2两组患者治疗前后的临床症状比较治疗前两组患者的PANSS各分量表评分及总分比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗后,两组患者的PANSS各分量表评分及总分均低于治疗前,且研究组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表3。
表3两组患者治疗前后的临床症状比较 ({\overline{{x}}}± s ,分
时间 | 组别 | 例数 | 阴性症状 | 一般精神病理症状 | 阳性症状 | 总分 |
治疗前 | 研究组 | 68 | 24.19±5.23 | 42.36±7.16 | 26.52±4.65 | 93.07±7.22 |
对照组 | 68 | 22.97±5.16 | 40.81±6.35 | 27.19±5.28 | 90.97±7.09 | |
t值 | 1.369 | 1.336 | 0.785 | 1.711 | ||
P值 | 0.173 | 0.184 | 0.434 | 0.089 | ||
研究组 | 68 | 14.76±2.12* | 19.87±1.02 | 15.36±1.42* | 49.99±4.52 | |
对照组 | 68 | 18.59±2.68 | 23.35±1.36* | 19.33±1.87* | 61.27±6.81° | |
治疗后 | t值 | 9.243 | 16.880 | 13.942 | 11.380 | |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
2.3两组患者治疗前后的炎症因子比较治疗前两组患者的 \scriptstyleIL-1β_{\setminus}TNF-α_{\setminus}I L-6比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;治疗后,两组患者的 \scriptstyleIL-1β\dotscTNF-α IL-6均低于治疗前,且研究组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表4。
2.4两组患者治疗前后的氧化应激指标比较治疗前两组患者的MDA、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者的MDA均较低,SOD、CAT、GSH- \mathbf{\nabla}*\mathbf{Px} 均较高,且研究组变化幅度更为显著,差异均有统计学意义( \scriptstyle P< 0.05),见表5。
表4两组患者治疗前后的炎症因子比较 ({\overline{{x}}}± s ,ng/L)
时间 | 组别 | 例数 | IL-1β | TNF-α | IL-6 |
治疗前 | 研究组 | 68 | 46.22±5.75 | 26.12±6.18 | 6.85±1.56 |
对照组 | 68 | 47.19±6.29 | 25.95±5.69 | 7.11±1.73 | |
t值 | 0.939 | 0.167 | 0.920 | ||
P值 | 0.350 | 0.868 | 0.359 | ||
治疗后 | 研究组 | 68 | 30.25±3.26* | 9.33±2.03 | 3.86±0.46 |
对照组 | 68 | 35.87±4.11* | 13.35±3.17* | 4.77±0.41* | |
t值 | 8.834 | 8.806 | 12.178 | ||
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
时间 | 组别 | 例数 | SOD (U/mL) | CAT (U/mL) | MDA (nmol/L) | GSH-Px (U/mL) |
治疗前 | 研究组 | 68 | 17.26±4.12 | 6.02±1.61 | 4.86±1.03 | 63.92±5.89 |
对照组 | 68 | 18.22±4.31 | 5.86±1.56 | 5.02±1.16 | 65.12±6.94 | |
t值 | 1.328 | 0.589 | 0.851 | 1.087 | ||
P值 | 0.187 | 0.557 | 0.397 | 0.279 | ||
治疗后 | 研究组 | 68 | 26.38±5.32 | 9.37±2.12 | 1.95±0.51* | 90.35±6.12 |
对照组 | 68 | 22.41±4.63* | 7.93±1.85 | 2.87±1.03 | 83.64±5.58 | |
t值 | 4.642 | 4.220 | 6.601 | 6.681 | ||
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
2.5两组患者治疗前后的神经因子比较治疗前两组患者的 S100β 、GFAP、BDNF比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者的 S100β 、GFAP均较低,BDNF均较高,且研究组变化幅度更为显著,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表6。
表6两组患者治疗前后的神经因子比较 ({\overline{{x}}}± s)
时间 | 组别 | 例数 | S100β (ng/mL) | GFAP(ng/mL) | BDNF (pg/mL) |
治疗前 | 研究组 | 68 | 2.21±0.53 | 2.93±0.56 | 18.52±3.73 |
对照组 | 68 | 2.37±0.57 | 2.89±0.51 | 17.97±3.98 | |
t值 | 1.695 | 0.435 | 0.831 | ||
P值 | 0.092 | 0.664 | 0.407 | ||
治疗后 | 研究组 | 68 | 0.97±0.30* | 1.72±0.35 | 29.72±3.52 |
对照组 | 68 | 1.35±0.32 | 2.18±0.42* | 25.17±2.19 | |
t值 | 7.144 | 6.938 | 9.050 | ||
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
2.6两组患者治疗前后的认知功能、社会功能、生活质量和生活满意度比较治疗前两组患者的MCCB、PSP、SWLS、SQLS评分比较差异均无统计学意义( \scriptstyle P< 0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者的SQLS评分降低,MCCB、PSP、SWLS评分升高,且研究组变化幅度更为显著,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表7。
时间 组别 | 例数 MCCB | PSP | SQLS | SWLS | |
治疗前研究组68 | 32.21±5.56 | 65.52±6.55 | 77.52±6.78 | 23.12±2.08 | |
对照组68 | 31.98±5.12 | 66.17±7.59 | 75.96±7.63 | 22.87±2.39 | |
t值 | 0.251 | 0.535 | 1.260 | 0.651 | |
P值 | 0.802 | 0.594 | 0.210 | 0.516 | |
治疗后研究组68 | 43.52±6.85 | 78.63±5.36°42.63±6.23*32.03±1.01* | |||
对照组68 | |||||
t值 | 4.613 | 5.951 | 13.617 | 15.958 | |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
2.7两组患者的不良反应比较两组患者治疗期间的失眠、嗜睡、消化不良、头晕、心慌等不良反应总发生率比较差异均无统计学意义( x^{2}{=}0.476 P= 0.490{>}0.05) ,见表8。
组别 | 例数 | 失眠 | 嗜睡 | 消化不良 | 头晕 | 心慌 | 总发生率(%) |
研究组 | 68 | 2 | 1 | 一 | 8.82 | ||
对照组 | 68 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4.41 |
3讨论
PSZ是临床常见精神疾病,以幻想、妄想、思维及知觉功能障碍为主要症状表现"6-18。药物治疗是其主要治疗手段,鲁拉西酮是一种抗精神病药物,朱仁杰等"研究结果显示,鲁拉西酮联合治疗可改善患者精神症状,提升患者生活质量。但PSZ发病原因复杂,仅采用药物治疗效果有限。脑循环系统治疗仪是治疗脑部疾病的常用医疗设备,其将磁疗与电刺激相结合,可通过改善患者脑部血流及氧供,改善机体神经功能。郑昌胜等?研究结果显示,脑循环系统治疗仪可改善精神分裂症患者认知及社会功能,但目前鲁拉西酮联合脑循环系统治疗仪治疗PSZ的研究较少。
本研究结果显示,研究组患者的治疗总有效率及治疗后的MCCB、PSP、SWLS评分较高,SQLS、PANSS评分较低,提示脑循环系统治疗仪治疗辅助治疗可提升治疗效果,减轻临床症状,改善认知、社会功能,提升患者生活质量及生活满意度。究其原因,精神分裂症症状与多巴胺受体及5-羟色胺受体密切相关,多巴胺受体浓度降低会引发认知功能损伤,而5-羟色胺受体可参与神经元活动,影响认知、记忆功能²"。鲁拉西酮可通过选择性激动多巴胺受体及5-羟色胺受体改善患者认知功能,缓解患者阳性、阴性症状[2-23]。脑循环系统治疗仪可刺激患者脑血管壁,改善脑部微循环,营养神经细胞,促进神经功能恢复,同时还可通过刺激患者大脑皮层,激活神经细胞产生神经冲动,改善神经元功能,增强脑部活动4。故在鲁拉西酮基础上辅助脑循环系统治疗仪可产生协同效应,增强治疗效果,进一步改善患者认知、社会功能,提升患者生活质量及生活满意度。
此外,有研究显示,精神分裂症发病机制与机体炎症反应密切相关。 \scriptstyleIL-1β_{\setminus}TNF-α_{\setminus}IL-6 等炎症因子可进人中枢神经系统,诱发炎症级联反应,损伤大脑功能。另有研究发现,精神分裂症患者存在全身氧化应激,表现为氧化代谢产物MDA升高,抗氧化物SOD、GSH- \mathbf{\nabla}*Px 、CAT降低2。此外, S100β 、GFAP、BDNF是神经功能损伤标志物,研究显示,精神分裂症患者BDNF水平较健康人群低, S100β 、GFAP水平较健康人群高”。本研究结果显示,与对照组比较,研究组患者治疗后的IL-1β、TNF- bf{\em{α}} 、IL-6、S100β、GFAP、MDA较低,BDNF、SOD、GSH- \mathbf{\nabla}*Px 、CAT较高,表明脑循环系统治疗仪辅助治疗可能通过调节炎症、氧化应激平衡缓解神经功能损伤,促进患者病情康复。其原因可能在于脑循环系统治疗仪可通过磁刺激促进脑组织及大脑皮层血液循环,改善脑部供氧供血,减轻局部缺血缺氧引发的炎症及氧化应激反应,缓解神经功能损伤。此外,采用脑循环系统治疗仪辅助治疗患者不会增加不良反应发生率,提示联合治疗安全性较高。
综上所述,脑循环系统治疗仪辅助治疗PSZ可缓解患者的临床症状,减轻神经功能损伤,改善认知功能和社会功能,减轻炎症、氧化应激反应,提升生活质量,临床应用效果显著且安全性较高。但本研究样本量较小,且研究时间较短,可能会影响研究结果的普遍性和可靠性,同时无法确定本研究方案的长期疗效及安全性,因此,未来还应多中心、多渠道取样,并延长随访时间,做进一步研究探讨。
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·论著·
血清NCAM、Netrin-1在首发精神分裂症患者中的表达及与PANSS评分的相关性
刘春晓',朱盼盼²,余爱花”,何磊!
店市第二人民医院精神三科营养科2、护理部3,河南驻马店
【摘要】目的检测首发精神分裂症患者血清神经细胞黏附分子(NCAM)、神经轴突导向因子-1(Netrin-1)的表达水平,并探讨其与阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)评分的相关性。方法回顾性选取2022年1月至2023年6月期间驻马店市第二人民医院收治的128例首发精神分裂症患者作为研究组,按蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分将患者分为认知功能障碍组 (n{=}50) ,认知功能正常组 [n^{=}78) ,并选择同期本院体检健康者110例作为对照组。比较两组受检者的血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平,并比较认知功能障碍组和认知功能正常组患者的血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平及PANSS评分(阳性症状量表、阴性症状量表、一般精神病理量表及总分)。采用Pearson相关分析法分析首发精神分裂症患者血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平与PANSS评分的相关性。结果研究组患者的血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平分别为 (81.53±20.20)~±g/L\backslash(355.74±54.44)~\upmug/L ,明显低于对照组的 134.30{±}25.65)~\upmug/L.(417.76{±} 60.03)\ \upmug/L ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;认知功能障碍组患者血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平分别为 ⟨59.23{±}17.37⟩\;\upmug/L (270.37{±}18.10)\;\upmug/L ,明显低于认知功能正常组患者的 (96.40±21.66) \upmug/L ,(330.45±25.28) \upmug/L ,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;认知功能障碍组患者阳性症状量表、阴性症状量表、一般精神病理量表、PANSS总分分别为( 32.33± 2.85)分、 (29.90{±}2.91) 分、 84.64{±}3.82) 分、 (146.87{±}9.58) 分,明显高于认知功能正常组患者的 26.36{±}3.01) 分、 (23.38{±} 3.56)分、 (76.55{±}4.53) 分、 (126.29{±}11.10) 分,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;Pearson相关分析结果显示,首发精神分裂症患者血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平与阳性症状量表、阴性症状量表、一般精神病理量表、PANSS总分均呈负相关(P{<}0.05) 。结论首发精神分裂症患者血清NCAM和Netrin-1水平显著降低,且与患者的临床症状严重程度PANSS评分呈负相关,诱发认知功能障碍加重。
【关键词】首发精神分裂症;神经细胞黏附分子;神经轴突导向因子-1;阳性和阴性综合征量表评分;相关性
R749.3 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1003—6350(2025)03—
Expression of serum NCAM and Netrin-1 in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and their correlation with PANSS scores. LIU Chun-xiao', ZHU Pan-pan ^, YU Ai-hua ”, HE Lei' Department IⅢl of Psychiatry ', Department of Nutrition²Department ofNursing,theSecondPeople'sHospital ofZhumadianCity,Zhumadian463000,Henan,CHINA
【Abstract】Objective To detect the expression levels of serum nerve cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and nerve axon guiding factor Netrin-1 in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, and to explore their correlation with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, enrolling 128 patients with first-episode schizophrenia admitted to the Second People's Medical Hospital of Zhumadian City from January 2022 to June 2023 (the study group). Based on their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, patients were divided into a cognitive impairment group (n{=}50 )and a cognitively normal group (n{=}78 .Additionally, 110healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The serum levels of NCAM and Netrin-1 were compared between the study group and the control group, and serum levels of NCAM, Netrin-1, and PANSS scores (positive symptom scale, negative symptom scale, general psychopathology scale, total score) were also compared between the cognitive impairment group and the cognitively normal group. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum NCAM, Netrin-1 levels, and PANSS scores in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Results The serum NCAM and Netrin-1 levels in the study group were (81.53{±}20.20)~\upmug/L and (355.74{±}54.44)~\upmug/L ,respectively, which were significantly lower than corresponding (134.30\substack{±25.65}) \sharp\underline{{u}}\underline{{g}}/L and (417.76{\scriptstyle±60.03} \upmu g/L in the control group, with statistically significant differences P< 0.05). The serum levels of NCAM and Netrin-1 in the cognitive impairment group were (59.23±17.37) \upmu g/L and (270.37{±}18.10)\;\upmug/L respectively, which were significantly lower than corresponding (96.40{±}21.66)~\upmug/L and (330.45± 25.28)~\upmug/L in the cognitively normal group, with statistically significant differences (P{<}0.05) . The positive symptom scale, negative symptom scale, general psychopathological scale, and PANSS total scores in the cognitive impairment groupwere (32.33±2.85) points, (29.90{\scriptstyle±2.91}) points, (84.64±3.82) points, and (146.87{\scriptstyle±9.58}) points,respectively, which were significantly higher than corresponding (26.36±3.01) points, (23.38{±}3.56) points, (76.55{±}4.53) points, and (126.29{±}11.10) points in the cognitively normal group,with statistically significant differences (P{<}0.05) .Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum NCAM and Netrin-1 levels in first-episode schizophrenia patients were negatively correlated with the positive symptom scale, negative symptom scale, general psychopathological scale, and total scores of PANSS (P{<}0.05) . ConclusionSerum NCAM and Netrin-1 levels are significantly decreased in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and are negatively correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms (measured by PANSS scores), potentiallycontributingtotheexacerbationofcognitiveimpairment.
[Key words] First-episode schizophrenia; Nerve cell adhesion molecule; Netrin-1; Positive and negative syndrome scale scores: Correlation
首发精神分裂症是一种严重的慢性精神障碍,其特征为认知、情感和行为功能的广泛受损"。目前,虽然该疾病的具体病因尚不明确,但研究表明脑内多巴胺、谷氨酸等神经递质的失衡以及脑结构如前额叶和海马体的功能异常,被认为与疾病发病密切相关。神经细胞黏附分子(NCAM)和神经轴突导向因子-1(Netrin-1)作为神经系统发育和可塑性的重要调节因子,近年来在精神分裂症中的潜在作用逐渐引起了广泛关注。NCAM是一种参与神经元黏附、迁移和突触可塑性的糖蛋白,而Netrin-1则在神经元轴突导向和神经回路的形成中发挥关键作用。阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)评分用于评估精神分裂症患者的病情严重程度,通过量化患者的阳性症状、阴性症状和一般精神病理学症状,帮助临床医生有效地评估精神分裂症的临床表现和治疗效果。本研究旨在探讨血清NCAM、Netrin-1与PANSS评分的相关性,为临床诊治该病提供参考依据。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料经本院医学伦理委员会批准,回顾性选取2022年1月至2023年6月期间驻马店市第二人民医院收治的128例首发精神分裂症患者作为研究组,按蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)"评分将患者分为认知功能障碍组50例和认知功能正常组78例。纳人标准:(1)符合精神分裂症的临床诊断标准;(2)患者首次出现精神分裂症症状,未有以往的相关精神疾病史;(3)病历资料完整者。排除标准:(1)患有癫痫、脑卒中者;(2)有其他精神疾病史,如双相情感障碍或重度抑郁症者;(3)病历资料缺失,且无法随访调查者。选择同期于本院体检的110例健康者作为对照组,两组受检者的一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义( \scriptstyle P> 0.05),具有可比性,见表1。
组别 | 例数 | 年龄(岁) | 性别 | BMI指数(kg/m") | |
男 | 女 | ||||
研究组 | 128 | 40.85±3.22 | 68 (53.13) | 60 (46.88) | 22.25±1.70 |
对照组 | 110 | 41.03±2.30 | 63 (57.27) | 47 (42.73) | 22.30±1.66 |
/x值 | 0.489 | 0.411 | 0.229 | ||
P值 | 0.625 | 0.521 | 0.819 |
1.2评价标准采用MoCA量表评价患者的认知功能。MoCA量表总分为30分,涵盖七个认知领域。评分在0\~10分表示重度认知障碍,11\~21分为中度认知障碍,22\~25分为轻度认知障碍, >=slant26 分则被视为正常认知功能。
1.3观察指标(1)血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平:比较研究组和对照组受试者以及研究组中认知功能障碍和认知功能正常患者血清中的NCAM和Netrin-1水平。(2)PANSS评分:比较认知功能障碍组和认知功能正常组患者的PANSS评分。PANSS评分用于评估精神分裂症患者的症状严重程度。该量表包括阳性症状、阴性症状和一般精神病理学症状三个部分。阳性症状部分涵盖幻觉、妄想、思维混乱等,共7项,每项评分1\~7分。阴性症状部分评估情感淡漠、社交退缩、意志力减退等,同样包含7项,评分标准相同。一般精神病理学部分涉及焦虑、抑郁、激动等广泛症状,共16项,每项同样按1\~7分评分。整个量表共30项,PANSS评分总分范围为30\~210分,分数越高表示症状越严重。(3)相关性:分析首发精神分裂症患者血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平与PANSS评分的相关性。
1.4统计学方法应用SPSS28.0软件进行数据统计学分析。计量资料以均数 ±, 标准差 (\overline{{x}}± s) 表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,计数资料比较采用 \chi^{2} 检验。采用Pearson相关分析法分析首发精神分裂症患者血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平与PANSS评分的相关性。以 P{<}0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组受检者的血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平比 较研究组患者血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平明显低于 对照组,差异有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表2。
2.2认知功能障碍组和认知功能正常组患者的血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平比较认知功能障碍组患者的血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平明显低于认知功能正常组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,见表3。
2.3认知功能障碍组和认知功能正常组患者的PANSS评分比较认知功能障碍组患者阳性症状量表、阴性症状量表、一般精神病理量表、PANSS总分明显高于认知功能正常组,差异均有统计学意义( \scriptstyle P< 0.05),见表4。
组别 | 例数 | NCAM | Netrin-1 |
研究组 | 128 | 81.53±20.20 | 355.74±54.44 |
对照组 | 110 | 134.30±25.65 | 417.76±60.03 |
t值 | 17.740 | 8.356 | |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
2.4首发精神分裂症患者血清NCAM、Netrin-1 水平与PANSS评分的相关性Pearson相关性分析 结果显示,首发精神分裂症患者血清NCAM、 Netrin-1水平与阳性症状量表、阴性症状量表、一般 精神病理量表、PANSS总分均呈负相关 (P{<}0.05) ,见 表5。
组别 | 例数 | NCAM | Netrin-1 |
认知功能障碍组 | 50 | 59.23±17.37 | 270.37±18.10 |
认知功能正常组 | 78 | 96.40±21.66 | 330.45±25.28 |
t值 | 10.207 | 14.571 | |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
组别 | 例数 | 阳性症状量表 | 阴性症状量表 | 一般精神病理量表 | PANSS总分 |
认知功能障碍组 | 50 | 32.33±2.85 | 29.90±2.91 | 84.64±3.82 | 146.87±9.58 |
认知功能正常组 | 78 | 26.36±3.01 | 23.38±3.56 | 76.55±4.53 | 126.29±11.10 |
t值 | 11.175 | 10.832 | 10.463 | 10.783 | |
P值 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
指标 | NCAM | Netrin-1 | ||
r值 | P值 | r值 | P值 | |
阳性症状量表 | 0.529 | 0.000 | 0.651 | 0.000 |
阴性症状量表 | -0.622 | 0.000 | -0.630 | 0.000 |
一般精神病理量表 | 0.474 | 0.000 | 0.659 | 0.000 |
PANSS总分 | -0.502 | 0.000 | 0.514 | 0.000 |
3讨论
首发精神分裂症的发生可能由多种因素引发,包括遗传、神经发育异常、神经递质失衡和环境影响”。HANSEN等?研究表明,首发精神分裂症患者的前额叶皮质和海马区域可能存在结构和功能异常,这些变化与精神分裂症的病理机制密切相关。前额叶皮质在认知功能、决策和情感调节中起着重要作用,其异常可能导致患者的思维混乱和判断能力下降。海马区域则与记忆和学习能力密切相关,其功能障碍可能会影响患者对现实事件的记忆与理解。临床表现上,患者的症状主要分为阳性和阴性两类。阳性症状表现为幻觉、妄想和思维混乱,这些症状使患者对现实的认知产生扭曲,常导致极大的痛苦和焦虑。阴性症状则体现在情感冷漠、社交退缩和意志减退,患者缺乏主动性和社交兴趣,影响其日常生活和人际关系"1"。因此,早期干预对改善预后至关重要。
NCAM是神经元表面表达的重要黏附分子,参与神经元间的相互作用、突触可塑性以及神经发育过程中神经网络的形成。NCAM在神经细胞的识别、迁移和生长中起关键作用,能够调节神经元的生存与再生。在首发精神分裂症患者中,NCAM水平可能受到影响,研究发现其表达异常与认知功能障碍、突触连接异常密切相关,提示其在精神分裂症的病理机制中发挥重要作用"。Netrin-1是一种神经营养因子,主要参与中枢神经系统发育期间轴突的引导和神经元的定向迁移,此外还调控神经细胞的黏附与分化,Netrin-1在神经可塑性与突触功能的维持中发挥作用。精神分裂症患者中Netrin-1的异常表达与神经回路结构功能素乱、认知功能障碍有关。Netrin-1异常水平提示神经发育异常假说是精神分裂症发生机制的重要基础之一。PANSS评分是一种标准化量表,广泛用于评估精神分裂症患者的阳性、阴性和一般精神病理症状。阳性症状主要包括幻觉、妄想、思维混乱等,这些症状常常严重影响患者的现实感知和判断能力。阴性症状则表现为情感淡漠、社交退缩、意志缺乏等,这些特征会使患者在社交和职业生活中面临重大挑战。通过对首发精神分裂症患者进行PANSS评分,医生可以量化患者的症状严重程度,了解病情变化。此外,该量表还帮助评估患者的生活质量和功能障碍情况,为个体化治疗方案的制定提供科学依据。精神分裂症患者定期使用PANSS评分,能够监测治疗效果,指导药物调整与心理干预,从而提高患者的整体恢复水平与生活质量。本研究结果表明,研究组患者的血清NCAM、Netrin-1水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) 。经分析,NCAM、Netrin-1在神经系统中具有重要的调节功能,其减少可能直接影响到神经元的结构和功能。NCAM参与神经元的黏附和突触形成,其降低可能导致神经元连接的不稳定和突触传递功能的改变,从而影响到认知功能的执行和维持4。Netrin-1是一种重要的神经轴突导向因子,广泛参与神经系统的发育和重塑。通过与神经元表面的受体相结合,调控轴突的生长和方向,促使神经元能够准确连接到目标区域。其水平的降低可导致神经元轴突的异常导向和连接模式的错乱,进而影响神经网络的形成和功能"。认知功能障碍组患者的NCAM和Netrin-1水平明显低于认知功能正常组,阳性症状量表、阴性症状量表、一般精神病理量表和PANSS总分伴随认知功能障碍显著升高,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ,反映了病情的严重度增加。通过Pearson相关性分析结果表明,血清中NCAM和Netrin-1水平与首发精神分裂症患者PANSS各项评分均呈负相关。这种负相关可能反映了NCAM和Netrin-1水平下降在精神分裂症病理过程中的特定作用,包括神经元连接失调和神经递质系统功能紊乱,直接影响到神经元连接和功能的异常,进而导致认知功能障碍和多样化的精神病理症状。李娜等"研究表明,慢性精神分裂症患者血清IGF-1、NCAM水平随症状加重而降低,两者对评估患者认知功能变化具有重要诊断价值。然而,本研究存在若干不足。首先,样本量较小,可能限制了结果的泛化性;其次,本研究未对用药情况进行分析,这可能影响NCAM和Netrin-1的表达水平及其与PANSS评分的关系。本研究采用的单一时间点血清检测未能反映疾病进程中的动态变化,未能对NCAM和Netrin-1在疾病不同阶段的作用进行全面评估。改进措施包括增加样本量,以提高研究结果的可靠性;增加用药情况的详细记录,以控制潜在的干扰因素;采用纵向研究设计,观察NCAM和Netrin-1在疾病进展中的动态变化,深人探讨其与PANSS评分的关系。这些措施有助于提高研究的全面性和临床应用价值。在进行血清NCAM、Netrin-1在首发精神分裂症患者中的表达及和PANSS评分的相关性分析时,应充分考虑其他可能的干扰因素,例如,患者的年龄、性别、病程、治疗方式等,这些都可能影响NCAM和Netrin-1的表达水平以及PANSS评分结果。因此,在比较认知障碍组和非认知障碍组时,需要将这些因素作为协变量进行分析,以排除它们的干扰,确保研究结论的严谨性。
综上所述,首发精神分裂症患者血清NCAM和 Netrin-1水平显著降低,且与PANSS评分呈负相关。随 着NCAM和Netrin-1水平下降,患者临床症状加重,认 知功能障碍更加明显,提示其与疾病进展密切相关。
参考文献
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·论著·
两种针刀入路联合熏洗治疗跟骨骨刺综合征的临床疗效与安全性研究
张玉龙.张健².胡永召2
1.开封市祥符区中医院骨伤科,河南开封475100;2.开封市中医院骨伤科,河南开封475000;
【摘要】目的比较两种针刀人路联合熏洗治疗跟骨骨刺综合征的临床效果和安全性。方法选取2021年6月至2024年2月开封市祥符区中医院收治的82例跟骨骨刺综合征患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为对照组和观察组各41例。对照组患者针刀治疗经足底跟骨结节前缘偏内侧进针,观察组患者针刀经内踝赤白肉际线跟骨结节前缘进针, 48 h 后两组患者均予以中药熏洗 14 d_{\circ} 比较两组患者治疗14d后的治疗效果,治疗前及治疗 24 h,48 h 7d、14d后的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、美国足踝外科协会踝-后足(AOFAS-AH)评分、跟痛症评分(CS)评分,治疗前及治疗 48\ h .14\ d 后的患侧足底部压力,同时比较两组患者治疗后的并发症及治疗后3个月的复发情况。结果观察组和对照组患者的治疗总有效率分别为 97.56% ,95.12% ,差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;观察组患者治疗 24\ h .48\ h 后的VAS评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;但两组患者治疗7d、14d后的VAS评分差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;观察组患者治疗 24 h,48 h 后的AOFAS-AH明显高于对照组,CS评分也明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;但两组患者治疗7d、14d后的AOFAS-AH、CS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P{>}0.05) ;观察组患者治疗 48 h 后的足跟内侧底、足跟外侧底、足中部底、第1跖骨底压力明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义 (P{<}0.05) ;但两组患者治疗14d后的足跟内侧底、足跟外侧底、足中部底、第1跖骨底压力比较差异均有统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ;观察组患者的并发症发生率、复发率分别为 0.2.56% ,分别与对照组的 2.44%\it{\Omega}_{>}7.50% 比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) 。结论经内踝赤白肉际线跟骨结节前缘入路针刀治疗跟骨骨刺综合征在早期缓解疼痛方面更具优势,利于早期足底部压力及踝-后足功能恢复,但不同针刀人路联合熏洗治疗后整体效果无差异,临床医师可根据患者具体情况及需求选择合适治疗方案。
键词】跟骨骨刺综合征;针刀;人路;熏洗;疼痛;足底部压力;疗效;安全 【中图分类号】R681 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1003—6350(2025)03—0347—06
Clinical efficacy and safety of two needle-scalpel approaches combined with fumigation and washing for the treatmentofcalcanealbonespursyndrome.ZHANG Y_{u} -long',ZHANGJian²,HUYong-zhao².1.Department of OrthopedicsandTraumatology,XiangfuDistrictHospitalofTraditionalChineseMedicine,Kaifeng475100,Henan,CHINA; 2. Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kafeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Kaifeng 475000, Henan, CHINA
【Abstract】 Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of two needle-scalpel approaches combined with fumigation and washing for the treatment of calcaneal bone spur syndrome. Methods A total of 82 patients with calcaneal bone spur syndrome who were diagnosed and treated in Xiangfu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Kaifeng from June 2021 to February 2024 were selected as research objects. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group according to random number table method, with 41 patients in each group. In the control group, the needle entered through the medial anterior edge of the plantar calcaneal tubercle, and in the observation group, the needle entered through the anterior edge of the calcaneal tubercle at the red-white intercarnal line of medial malleolus. Forty-eight hours later, all patients in the two groups were fumigated with Chinese medicine for 14 days. The therapeutic effects at 14 days after treatment were compared between the two groups, as well as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS-AH) score, calcaneal pain score (CS) before treatment and after 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, and 14 days of treatment, and pressure at the bottom of the affected lateral foot before treatment and after 48 hours and 14 days of treatment. Complications after treatment and recurrence at 3 months after treatment were also compared between the two groups. ResultsThe total effective rates of the observation group and the control group were 97.56% and 95.12% ,respectively (P{>}0.05) .The VAS scores of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after 24 and 48 hours of treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P{<}0.05) .However, there was no significant difference in VAS scoresbetween thetwogroups after 7days and14daysof treatment (P{>}0.05) .The AOFAS-AH scores and CS scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group after 24 hours and 48 hours of treatment, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P{<}0.05) .However, there was no significant difference in the AOFAS-AH and CS scores between the two groups after 7 days and 14 days of treatment (P{>}0.05) .The pressure on the medial and lateral bases of the heel, the middle base of the foot, and the first metatarsal base in the observation group after 48 hours of treatment was significantly lower than that in the control group (P{<}0.05) .However, there were statistically significant differences in the pressure of the medial heel, lateral heel, middle foot, and first metatarsal base between the two groups after 14 days of treatment (P>0.05) .The complication rate and recurrence rate in the observation group were 0 and 2.56% respectively,which were not significantly different from 2.44% and 7.50% in the control group (P{>}0.05) Conclusion The needle-scalpel therapy through the anterior edge of the calcaneal tubercle and the red-white intercarnal line of the medial malleolus has more advantages in early pain relief for calcaneal spur syndrome, which can facilitate early recovery of pressure at the bottom of the foot and ankle-to-rear foot function. However, there is no significant difference in overall effectiveness between different needle-scalpel approaches combined with fumigation and washing therapy. Clinicians can choose appropriate treatment plan based on the specific circumstances and needs of the patient.
【Key words】 Calcaneal spur syndrome; Needle-scalpel; Approaches; Fumigation and washing; Pain; Pressure at the bottom of the foot; Curative effect; Safety
跟骨骨刺综合征为跟骨附着组织炎症刺激所引发的跟部疼痛、跛行等常见综合征,多见于中老年人群。临床西医治疗通常以药物保守治疗为主,部分患者经规范化治疗后效果有限,而老年患者进行手术治疗风险较大,使得临床治疗受限”。传统中医认为该病属“骨痹”“痹症”等范畴,病机为血瘀阻脉,筋骨失养,脉络不通,不通则痛。针刀为古代九针与现代手术刀结合的微创疗法,其在跟骨骨刺治疗中已积累一定经验,具有疏通经络、气血通达、解经止痛的作用,并能松解黏连组织、恢复力学动态平衡"。既往临床中使用针刀治疗多采用足底压痛点进针,但临床研究发现,足底脂肪垫及滑囊受损,增加术后疼痛感,影响患者早期活动”。但有关针刀不同人路方式对于预后功能恢复是否有明显影响尚需临床进一步论证,因此本研究对比分析了两种不同入路针刀联合熏洗治疗跟骨骨刺综合征的临床效果与安全性,现将结果报道如下:
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料选取2021年6月至2024年2月开封市祥符区中医院收治的82例跟骨骨刺综合征患者纳人研究。纳人标准:(1)结合临床症状及X线明确为跟骨骨刺综合征;(2)经规范药物治疗6个月后症状无缓解且影响日常生活;(3)均为单足患病;(4)年龄40\~75岁。排除标准:(1)有足部骨折病史或手术史者;(2)合并踝关节炎、跟腱炎等其他足踝部疾病者;(3)足部严重干裂或溃烂等无法行针刀治疗者;(4)糖尿病等其他代谢性疾病者;(5)因下肢神经病变导致足跟疼痛者;(6)有精神疾病或沟通不畅等无法进行疾病评分评估者。按随机数表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组41例,两组患者的临床资料比较差异均无统计学意义 (P{>}0.05) ,具有可比性,见表1。本研究经开封祥符区中医院伦理委员会审核批准(审批号:XFZYY202101),所有患者均知情并签订知情同意书。
组别 | 例数 | 性别 | 年龄(岁) | 病程(月) | 体质量指数(kg/m) | 病变位置 | ||
男 | 女 | 左脚 | 右脚 | |||||
观察组 | 41 | 20 (48.78) | 21 (51.22) | 60.05±4.15 | 10.30±1.08 | 21.53±0.98 | 22 (53.66) | 19 (46.34) |
对照组 | 41 | 18 (43.90) | 23 (56.10) | 59.47±4.02 | 10.65±1.20 | 21.79±1.02 | 24 (58.54) | 17 (41.46) |
xh值 | 0.196 | 0.643 | 1.388 | 1.177 | 0.198 | |||
P值 | 0.658 | 0.522 | 0.169 | 0.243 | 0.656 |