#"! 语法应用指南
+1263(<43=<()2;(51243;623-=+,42<:,921(9 73:A
1,92&N512-(-),+;22/&!!!! 6(77,),)+12+622$
124,8<-+1()A+13+1(;539(<=-(-),+42<:,921(93)-
+12)124,8<-<23@21,925,62@26&
[27,36-2-+12+63()3)-43(+2-@26=)26@,8;<=3;
U&!!!!+63()43;37,8++,>3;;7=1(;1,92&I,1(;
*623+;86>6(;2$.&!!!! +622 43; -2:,63+2- 4(+1
18)-62-;,541(+26(77,);$41(:1-3):2-()$&!!!!
4()-&[(;539(<=-(-),+43)+1(9+,9(;;%&!!!!
;(*1+,5+126(77,)3)-+12 42<:,92;(*)3<$;,+12=
:,@262-#"&!!!! 41,<2+6224(+16(77,);+,;1,4
+12(6 41,<2’1236+2- 13>>()2;; 3)- 4(<<()*)2;; +,
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&42<:,921(973:A&
\\,+3<<:8<+862;*622+23:1,+126()+12;39243=$
#&!!!! 362+12=:,95,6+37<2()+12;39243=4(+1
-(;+3):272+422)>2,><2&N:392+,623<(F2+13+35+26
922+()*+1(;=236P;()+26)3+(,)3<;+8-2)+;&
B5+26 13<5 3) 1,86 ,5 43(+()* 5,6 +12 5<(*1+
!&!!!! !366(@2"$N;34 ;2@263<>2,><22)+26+12
43(+()*3623<,,A()*36,8)-R&!!!! !:86(,8;"&N
42)++,*622++1293)-()+6,-8:2-+129+,23:1,+126&N
43;0&!!!! !3;+,)(;1"3+Z8<(3P;623:+(,)&L12)
I,)=/&!!!! !3>>6,3:1"1263)-+6(2-+,A(;;126
,)+12:122A$Z8<(3;+2>>2-73:AU&!!!! !3>>236"
;86>6(;2-3)->8+8>12613)-;$3;(5()-252):2&I1(;
43; >6,737<= .&!!!! 93S,6 9(;8)-26;+3)-()*&
B5+26+12(6 366(@3<$+1262 4262 3<;, ,+126 >3(6; ,5
;+8-2)+;$39,)*$&!!!! 3<;,2?(;+;,92:8<+863<
9(;+3A2;&
I16,8*1 +1(; 2?>26(2):2$N <236) %&!!!!
!98:1"37,8+ 7,-=<3)*83*2&N) *2)263<$+1,8*1$
;+8-=()*()+26)3+(,)3<:8;+,9;:3):26+3()<=12<>3@,(-
93)=#"&!!!! !-(55(:8<+="() +,-3=P; 4,6<- ,5
:8<+863<:6,;;6,3-;&
!!L29(*1+522<#&!!!! !2973663;;"(54213-
),(-23,5,+126:,8)+6(2;P:8<+862;&X,(+(;(9>,6+3)+
!&!!!! !8)-26;+3)-"9,6237,8+:8<+863<-(55262):2;&
N) +12 L2;+$(+ (; >,<(+2 +, ,>2) 3 >62;2)+
R&!!!! ;,92,)2*(@2;=,8,)2$72:38;2+12=43)+
+,;22=,86623:+(,)&
N) c,623$+12= 13@2 3<(@2 12) 3)- 3 6,,;+26
0&!!!! 3>36+,5+1242--()*:2629,)=&G,,;+26;
362;8>>,;2-+,-6(@273-;>(6(+;343=56,9+1242--()*
:2629,)=$3)-12);/&!!!! !+1()A"+,2);862*,,-
<8:A5,6+129366(3*2&N)C68)2($3+42--()*62:2>+(,);
92)3)- 4,92) 13@2+,;(+();2>363+2U&!!!!
!3623"%+1292)4(+1+1276(-2*6,,9$3)-+124,92)
4(+1+1276(-2&
N) 93)=:,8)+6(2;>2,><2>,()+ 4(+1.&!!!!
!+12="5(6;+5()*26;&[,42@26$()C68)2($+13+:38;2;
,552):2& I12= 8;2 +12(6 +1897; +, >,()+& H3)=
5,62(*)26;13@2+6,87<2$&!!!! !*2+"3::8;+,92-+,
(+&
L13+(; %&!!!! !623<"()+262;+()* (; +13+
+1262P62 ;,92+(92; *623+ :8<+863< -(55262):2; 2@2)
72+422) )3+(@2 M)*<(;1 ;>23A26;& L1(<2 +12= ;1362
#"&!!!! ;392<3)*83*2$+12(6 :8;+,9; 362 ),+
3<43=;3<(A2&
!!D)+1243=+,+12c()*]3<<2=$42-6,>>2-()3+
+12I29><2,5[3+;12>;8+$#&!!!! ,)<=3)-5(6;+
5293<2Y1363,1()M*=>+&[3+;12>;8+43;!&!!!!
!-2@,+2"+,+12)3+(,)3<2:,),9=7=>6,9,+()*+63-2
4(+1 )2(*17,6()* :,8)+6(2;$+18;R&!!!! !<23-"
M*=>++,(+;1(*12;+>6,;>26(+=41(<2126;,)I18+9,;2
# 43;-2;>263+2+,2?>3)-M*=>+P;<3)-+16,8*1436;2
B:+83<<=$(+43;120&!!!! 93-2M*=>+3623<()+26’
:,)+()2)+3<29>(622
/&!!!! !>26;,)"$4(+1,8+1(;9,+126T822)P;
255,6+;$ I18+9,;2 # :,8<-)P+ 13@2 3++3()2- 1(;
U&!!!! !3:1(2@2"2 D4()*+,+12(6:,9><2? 3)-
423A62<3+(,);1(>$+12*623+29>26,6+,,A62@2)*25,6
[3+;12>;8+7=-2;+6,=()*12662:,6-;3)-(93*2;$+6=()*
+,-2)=+1253:++13+;1213-722)+12c()*725,621(9&
[,42@26$12 -(-+1(;!" =236;.&!!!! 12 43;
:6,4)2-c()*$3*3();++12>87<(:$&!!!! !72<(2@2"
+13+12-(-(+%&!!!! !(992-(3+2"12+,,A>,4262
B)=43=$+1(; +29><2 13; ;86@(@2-2 I12 <3+26
*2)263+(,);,5[3+;12>;8+3)-3<;,I18+9,;2 # 13@2
*,++12:13):2#"&!!!! !A),4"+121(;+,6=,5+13+
>26(,-,5+(92
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