SantiagoCalatrava

Making

F ly !

Buildings

———→

Project NO.4 : Designer Inspiration

Making buildings « Fly »

Style

——The designer's life

SantiagoCalatrava（1951）

——圣地亚哥·卡拉特拉瓦——

Spanish-Designer、Sculptor、Structural

Engineer

Educational experience-

-Entered art school at age 6 to study painting

-Graduated in Architecture from the Polytechnic

University of Valencia

-Completion of a postgraduate course in urban

planning（1973）

-Civil Engineering at ETH Zurich-Doctorate in

Technical Sciences（1975）

Design style characteristics

-Bionic design concept（Biological structure,

human structure）

-Space collapsibility

-Movement of the building structure

Folded space boy

As a child, Calatrava travelled extensively for his

parents› export business. Following his father to

Valencia, the young Calatrava was exposed to

the city›s beautiful medieval and Renaissance

architecture, including the famous architectural

masterpiece, the Roncadelle market. Enchanting

him with nature and creating structures that can fly

In 1981, Calatrava published his doctoral thesis, On

the Collapsibility of Spatial Frames, which was the

starting point on the road to becoming a master of

structures.

Calatrava sought to systematically generate and

demonstrate all the possibilities of folding threedimensional structures into two-dimensional

structures and then into one-dimensional structures.

During his studies, often studying medical dog

skeleton models, he turned his attention to the

biological structures of nature.

Design Philosophy

——Dominant Ideas

(“The immateriality of the structure”)

1.Emotional transference

Calatrava sees design architecture as a creative process with emotion, promoting a sense of subjectivity in design. In his designs, the idea of

artistic will and dematerialisation has become the essence of architecture. The idea of «emotional transposition» promotes an awareness of

nature, bringing to life certain feelings similar to those of human beings towards nature, and architects imbue their buildings with this tendency

and with their own characteristics of life.

——Athens Olympic Stadium

Design inspiration:Medieval Byzantine

Architecture.

Structure:Two curved glass and steel roofs

spanning overhead, with translucent glass to let in

sunlight and keep out heat,The undulating state of

the roof is inspired by the waves of the Mediterranean

Sea.

Colour palette:Blue and white from the Aegean

Sea and the islands.

2.Interlocking light and structure

The undulating state of the roof is inspired by the waves of the Mediterranean Sea.

The design of the Wohlen High School Swizerland,entrance hall, with its wooden

circular roof structure, fully illustrates Calatrava›s Romantic ideas on the structure

of the building.

——Wohlen High School Swizerland

Structure:The circular roof is radially divided into a number of

V-shapes, which open up the space and act as a tie.

Light source:Light enters from the back of the circular roof and is

reflected from its base into the folded part of the triangle, the part

located behind the dome seems to disappear under the effect of

light, the whole roof hovers above the interior space.

——Architectural features

(“Emphasis on structure and form”)

-Steel structures and suspension cables

-visualise the transmission of forces

Unlike those who believe that «structure follows architectural

form», Calatrava pursues the fusion of structural mechanics

and beauty, exploring the intersection of structural materials,

structural nodes and artistic forms, expressing structural rhythm

and order in a poetic and romantic way, giving modern technology

humanistic emotions and elegant classical charm.

——Design cases

+ +

（Milwaukee Art Museum）

（New York World Trade Centre

Transportation Hub Station）

Making the building structure move

Drawing inspiration from nature

Capturing the beauty of a creature's power at

the moment of movement

—

—→ Machinery Biological

———

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—→

——

—

—

—→

——Architectural features

(“A three-pronged understanding”)

——Gradient shading device

1.Designing structural elements to shape:The structural form is in line with Galileo›s idea

that «perfect things conform to order in the right form and succeed in balancing the forces in

every place». Calatrava designed the cross-section of the structural elements to withstand both

the forces and the deformation of the intersections of the elements to enhance structural stability. 2.Decomposition of the structure according to the forces applied：By assigning the

position of the material in the structure by its function, the material belongs to the structure,

so that the material meets the structural force requirements and also clearly shows the overall

structural characteristics. 3.Optimal design principles:»Optimal design is about getting the maximum benefit at the

minimum cost». There is a critical value beyond which the structural system collapses, and much

less than that which is structurally and economically wasteful; only in the region around the critical

value is a technical and economic «win-win» achieved.

Valencia Science City

1.Eye

‘‘The eye is the window to the soul.’’For

Calatrava, the study of the eye has

always been of great interest. He

has made many sketches of the eye

and once made an «eye for kinetic

experiments», which was inspired by

the eye›s ability to open and close.

Calatrava used the ‹openable eye›

not only for the door of the Ernsting

warehouse, but also for the design

of the planetarium in the Valencian

Science City, where the imagery

and function of the eye is expressed

to the full. The hemispheres of the

planetarium are suspended in the air,

with the openable ‹curtain› made up

of a transparent point glass curtain,

with the two pivot points of the arched

concrete cover allowing the ‹curtain›

to be separated from the ‹eye›. «When

the sphere is fully revealed, it is as if

the earth is in the vast universe.

——Design Style

“Bionics”(Biomimetics of human organs)

——Design Style

“Bionics”(Biomimetics of human organs)

Stadelhofen Station

2.Body structure

(A study of the palm of the hand)

The human support is a structural symbol often used by Calatrava. In the design

of Zurich›s Stadthofen station Calatrava experimented with the concept of the

human body and anatomy, in addition to the complex functions of the station itself

and its connection to the city›s cultural fabric. In the study of the posture of the

human body, the concept of the open hand in the human body is borrowed. This

mimicry is present throughout the project - the main pilasters are a small canopy

waiting scaffolding, making it a feature of much of the station›s architectural

appearance. The columns in the basement at the bottom of the section also

apply the inverted form of the hand, which clearly expresses the process and

form of force transmission, where the concrete elements used by Calatrava for

the structural support are completely imitated by the human body, with the pieces

of the humanoid detailing being interlocked as if given a living organicity. The

structural elements are given a strong sensory effect.

→

——Design Style

“Bionics”(Biomimetics of human organs)

Turning House

3.Body structure

(The human spine and the

double helix structure of DNA)

His first skyscraper, known as the Twist

Tower, is an innovative -54storey building

in Malmö, Sweden, with a-90degree twist

in the staircase. The building›s design is

inspired by the human spine. According to

him, «because the entire head is supported

on the first cervical joint of the spine, it is free

to twist, which makes it very interesting and

dramatic to lift, turn, lower or combine the

movements.» The design of the building is

inspired by the double helix structure of the

human DNA, with each floor of the building

staggered by 1.2 degrees of rotation between

them, resulting in a unique appearance with

an overall 90 degree turn.

4.Plant Biomimicry

(Tree structure)

Inside the long arcade, each side is supported by several thick steel columns,

which begin to diverge in the middle, and the branches that diverge fork again

after stretching out for some length, and these thinner steel rods then diverge

into a dense mass of tiny branches that converge at the roof of the -27metrehigh gallery to form a parabolic dome 14 metres across, as if a primeval forest

full of big trees were stretched out high above «wave of leaves». In the middle

of the long arcade there is a small square-like space where the shape of the

trees is more pronounced and the curved structure at the top is woven into a

swell of waves.

Another small-scale application of this tree-like structure was the variable

transparent roof of the outdoor restaurant at Bauschänzli in Zurich in 1988.

Calatrava wanted to make the tree move this time. The restaurant is on an

island with a medieval castle nearby, and Calatrava is going to insert some

metal rods into the real tree, which also diverge step by step, like in BCE Place

in Toronto, to support a glass square at the top of 12 metres high, supported

by very thin metal rods. This top metal pole is connected by hinges and can be

folded like an umbrella. When it rains, the «branches» open up like a spring rain

and form a «dense» forest to provide shelter for customers. And when the sun

comes out, the top can be stowed away, bringing the sunlight to the customers

sitting under the tree.

——Design Style

“Bionics”(Plant Biomimicry)

’’BCE Place‘‘

kereskedelmi

komplexum

Working Method

——Working Method

(“Based on objective facts”)

1.Gare de Lyon, France

High-speed trains were successfully run in France in 1986, when the French railway company extended

the original Paris to Lyon line to Valence. In order to save train running time, the new railway was to

be detoured 30 km south-east of Lyon. The scheme included a main station building (with platforms

at the station) and an entrance connecting the station to the adjacent airport. The brief required the

design to provide directional orientation - both an important functional and psychological purpose for

the hurried traveller. Unlike the use of markers to guide the traveller›s movement within an indistinct

architectural space, with this design strategy he transforms travel from a chore into a memorable,

even romantic experience.

Methodology

Defining the problem:Train detours, integration of Lyon into the highspeed railway, providing directional bearings.

Make a study:The use of markers in architectural spaces that are

indistinguishable to visitors.

Idea:Guiding the crowd through the material and morphological variations of

the building›s own components to give direction.

The solution:A complex of structures, pipes and spanning structures.»

The entire station and roof were conceived from the form of the eye. The two

sides of the station appear as two ‹back-to-back› eyes with long eyelashes,

and through this design strategy he has transformed travel from a chore into

an unforgettable, even romantic, experience.

——Working Method

(“Personal needs”)

2.Prince Felipe Science

Museum

Calatravault studied in Paris, Spain and

Switzerland. During his studies he used

to lie on his desk and study a model of a

dog bone given to him by a friend who was

studying medicine, which led him to turn his

attention to the biological structure of nature.

Calatrava made a giant ‹white skeleton›

stand silently surrounded by light blue water.

This is the Prince Felipe Science Museum in

the City of Arts and Sciences, designed by

Calatrava, and it resembles the skeleton of

a huge ancient creature that has survived

the ages, with a sharp geometric shape that

is supported by complex triangular diagonal

members that are symmetrical at both ends.

Methodology

Defining the problem:Construction of the Prince Felipe

Science Museum.

Make a study:Biomimetic structure technology.

Idea:Calatrava›s eyes began to turn to the biological structure of

nature.

The solution:Like the skeleton of a huge ancient creature left

over from the ages, the building has a sharp geometric shape,

supported by complex triangular diagonal members that are

symmetrical at both ends. It was designed to mimic the shape of a

whale›s skeleton.

‘‘Why can they succeed’’

Why can they succeed

1.While consciously pursuing structural optimisation,Calatrava

integrates spatial design, aesthetic culture and ecological technology into the

creative activity of architecture, enhancing the rational beauty of the building

through both material and immaterial experiences.

2.What sets Santiago Calatrava apart from other architects is that he

expressed movement more profoundly, more diligently and

more universally than anyone else.

3.Like his buildings, Calatrava is always permeated with a tenacious vitality,

constantly moving upwards, in motion, growing, always on his own trajectory,

always surpassing himself.

4.Drawing inspiration from nature and man, and drawing on carefully

selected materials to give the building its beauty, Calatrava has composed a

symphony of architecture and structure.

5.Making Gaudi his only teacher, revering nature and reinventing

it.

What we should learn from

1.Remain curious and sensitive to the structural systems of buildings in your daily studies.

2.Seek variation in the way structures are organised. The same mechanical goal can be achieved in

different ways, and different materials can have different aesthetic properties.

3.To derive intelligence from living organisms. The bones of living things, the growth of plants, and even

the development of natural fungus can all be sources of inspiration. This is because organisms have evolved over

a long period of time in order to survive and have been optimally adapted.

4.Changing the dominant and linear design philosophy of architectural space. This is perhaps

the most important aspect. Only when we stop getting used to the research-space-structure design approach and

see design as an interactive, movement process, constantly optimising design from the interaction of structure and

space and function, can we avoid the eventual conflict between structure and space.

——Space collapsible structure——

The folding structures studied and applied

by Calatrava are composed of rods and

nodes, and are interdisciplinary in nature,

encompassing mechanical structures,

geometry, mathematics and other closely

related disciplines. The Kalatrava thesis

focuses on how to systematically fold threedimensional spatial structures into twodimensional structures and then into onedimensional structures.

-----------------------------------------------

——Main areas——

1.Assume that the abstract geometry is formed by

connecting rods and movable nodes. 2.Polyhedra can be moved, folded and opened. 3.Conforms to structural mechanics requirements,

forming a one-dimensional planar - threedimensional structural body.

As the rods and nodes move in position, the one-dimensional structure unfolds

and the nodes act to fold and move, allowing the rods to form complex curves

and surfaces. Curved forms can be composed of simple mechanics - rods and

points.

However, the simplicity of collapsible spatial structures does not mean that it is

easy to achieve free movement of the rods within the limits of the node design,

where it is necessary to follow the physical mechanics of the system and to

install node positions to optimise the design, and ultimately these structures can

generate unpredictable and rich volumes.

——Design case

“Tree structure analysis”

Lisbon - Oriente

Railway Station The rod is unfolded with the

node structure

Tree-like structure branches1.Automatic top structure control, foldable

roof. 2.Hinged connection for unfolding. 3.One-dimensional structure unfolds into a

tree-like structure.

—— Structural components give

movement to the building

Ernsting warehouse

The movable element is a new extension of modern building technology. Calatrava

considered the building structure to be relatively static and the structure to be mobile

or to contain the capacity for deformation, and Calatrava gave the building form a

dynamic effect through the movable nature of some of its elements. By introducing

mechanics into architecture, he explores the potential mechanical potential of

architecture through the movement of structural elements that have a specific

function to deform the building. Complex machinery consists of a combination of the

simplest mechanical units, which accomplish complex movement patterns, including

gearing, chain drives, pneumatic drives, etc.

Sketch of the Ernsting

warehouse structure

Gate structure movement process

A vertical row and divided into upper and lower aluminium slats, connected by a central

hinge, which is positioned along a curve. The upper end of the aluminium plate is fixed

at the point of articulation with the door frame, while the lower end of the aluminium

plate is slidable at the point of articulation with the door frame, which ensures that the

lower node moves upwards when the door is lifted to conduct the force to the middle;

the upper and lower ends are subjected to a curve gradient through the hinge foldable

structure and by the position of the middle hinge, all the slats leave the vertical inside,

so that the door forms a perfectly smooth curve after lifting and folding.

Ernsting warehouse movable

structural elements

1.Aluminium alloy slats

2.Hinge element nodes

3. Connecting door frame hinges

→

—— Structural components

give movement to the building

Kuwait Pavilion

Finger-like structures

The Kuwait Pavilion makes 17 finger-like structures, connected to

concrete columns on both sides with movable fixed nodes.

Hydraulic lifting structure

The lower end of the finger-like structure is

supported by hydraulically operated columns which

interlock internally to form a tight vault. Hydraulic

lifting and lowering allows the structure to open and

close through the articulation points on either side,

and hydraulic contraction causes the structural

points to contract inwards, creating a sense of an

interlocking structural body with dynamic aesthetics

in the process of opening and closing the structural

body.

→

The hydraulic control allows the «hands» to be

crossed, where the dynamic aesthetics are reflected

in the opening and closing process.

Movable structural element of the Kuwait

Pavilion.

1.17wooden finger-like structural bodies 25m long.

2.Two rows of equally spaced inclined concrete columns.

3. Hydraulic manipulated structure.

These finger-like elements form cantilevers that can be controlled and manipulated through the nodes of the

structural elements to create a dreamy sense of space and to bring light into the space to create an atmosphere

of light and space.

——Structural sporty

concept+Case Studies

Fortchantzli

Restaurant

The Fortchantzli restaurant is made of steel and glass to simulate a tree-like structure, supported by four slender tree-like forked

columns. At the top of each column are four automatically controlled, collapsible glass squares, connected by eight hinges that can

be controlled to fold or open depending on the weather. The movement of the poles and nodes reflects the «collapsible nature of the

space structure», so that the movement structure gives the building a functional role.

—— S t r u c t u r a l s p o r t y

concept+Case Studies

Valencia Science City

The spherical planetarium is covered by a transparent arched hood, and the open and close

«curtain» structure consists of two rows of rigid rods, each unit consisting of a curved profile

connected up and down, with active nodal elements connecting the rods in a way that allows

them to perform a series of expansion and contraction movements; the open and close The

lower side of the «curtain» is connected to the main body of the building by a tilting hydraulic

device. The curved surface of the shell itself has tensions A and B in both directions, combined

with a hemispherical curvature greater than the curved surface of the shell, which is balanced

at the apex by the presence of a tension C that pushes the shell upwards in a state of motion.

——Structural sporty concept+Case

Studies

Alcuin public hall

movement

Calatrava has designed a unique underground place that does not interfere with the centre of the Plaza de España, with a collapsible

hood at the entrance made of stainless steel skeleton material, which, through a mechanism of movable rods and nodes, allows the

flat hood to be folded and raised by means of a kinematic mechanism, with the consequent formation of a longitudinal support arch

starting at the eastern end, the nodes of the movable elements are also known as hinged structures, allowing them to contract into

a facade to form a roof with an interactive rhythm.

——Structural sporty

concept+Case Studies

Milwaukee Art

Museum

—Milwaukee Art Museum

Movement Approach—

Inspired by birds, the Milwaukee Art Museum›s

double wing is made up of 36 steel bars arranged

in a unique curve that tapers from 32 metres to 8

metres in length, while the double wing structure

is supported by two parallel, -47degree inclined

masts that provide tension to the double wing

structure through steel cables that allow it to

expand and close.

The movable structure of the roof gives the building a functional character in terms of shading from the

sun; the component nodes perfectly transmit power to the whole, giving the building a dynamic aesthetic.

Inspiration

——Human thoracic skeleton

Front Side

Top side Bottom side

——Skeletal structure of the thorax——

“All-round view”

Scapula

Sternum

Ribs

The thoracic structure of the human body, with the ribs arranged as if they were each unitary

block, also allows a lot of space for the frontal structure of the thorax to be deformed.

——Thoracic structure

——Early Conceptions——

“Movable structures”

The intended building is an art gallery, inspired by

the skeletal structure of the human thorax, with a

bionic structural approach following in the footsteps

of Calatrava›s structural motility.

The ribbed pillars on either side support the entire

building, and the steel frame and glass panels

form an ethereal space in which visitors can

have a relaxed mood to admire the artworks. The

unique movable roof structure meets the need for

functional changes, and the angle of opening and

closing of the roof is determined by the intensity of

light, so that even if the gallery is exposed to natural

light, the illusion of direct sunlight on the exhibits

is not broken, and the movement of the structure

is completely The movement of the structure is

perfectly adapted to the needs of the function.

The «human-centred» design concept allows the

structure to give life to the building while ensuring

safety, making the building a functional structure.

Inspiration

——Photo inspiration

Overall sketch of model

2. Project Mid-term

——Early solution

THORACIC SKELETON Top view of the thorax

Inside the thoracic structure Thoracic mass overview

Top structure

Acrylic or transparent film

Top structure unfolding

Nodes

Make the sun shine at °45

Open “ ” sunlight seeping in

Close the“ ” unit to close

Sketch of the «rib» unit body

Side view Back view

Adding active

nodes

Divided into

two parts

Top section Following section Front Back

Power unit systems

Variable speed bicycles

(gear shift)

Experimentation with

drive solutions

Early programme

The principle of variable speed bicycle

shifting, where gears of different sizes are

pulled by a wire, because the path between

their own size gears will be different in

length, thus making the top movable

structure to create the effect of a bird

flapping its wings when it flaps its wings

Spindle

(clockwise

rotation)

Intra-thoracic and

device systems

Flap structure

unfolding

Spindle

(counterclockwise

rotation)

Flutter structure

closure

——Small schematic model making (Overall)

Miniature

schematic

model

Side view

Top view

Front view

(At the entrance gate)

——Small schematic model making (Rib unit body)

Side Back Front

——Choice of transmission

structure options

Model of rope and

pulley construction

The problem of the force arm transfer node still

needs to be solved for research (a single mechanical

turning relationship between the force arm and the

node when the line is being pulled, research is being

done in the direction of the flutter structure).

→

Large gear opening and

closing structure

If the drive is too large, it

will put extra weight on the

whole building structure,

which will not guarantee

structural safety and is

not in line with the original

purpose of the miniature

power unit. The large gears

are exposed to excessive

torque, which doubles the

energy consumption and is

not in line with the current

green concept; the high torque

requires a powerful motor to

run, which makes the power

transmission device of this

solution too bulky.

→

Gear flutter structure

1. Gearing

2. Small stroke

3. Low torque

4. Save resources on top structure area

5. The resulting force allows the building

structure to achieve movement

Final Scheme Drawings

For whom:

Art exhibition hall, audience.

Environment:

Nearby the sea, the sunshine

is sufficient and the solar

energy can be converted into

electric energy, green energy.

Modelling:

Abstract changes are made

in the shape of the human

chest to create a sense of

rib arrangement order. The

structural mobility gives the

building permeable natural

light and the movable structure

functionality.

Designer Theory:

Calatrava introduced the movement

into the structure, space and

enclosure, making the movement

play a functional or symbolic role in

architecture; The node components

are optimized to make the building

reflect the aesthetic feeling in the

movement.

Elevation

＆

Top structure

drawing

Elevation view

2 1

3

4 6

8

9

10

Drawing of the rib monolith, with a combination of geometry and circularity to

represent the bionic features of the human skeleton.

Upper part of the

rib monolith

Lower part of the

rib monolith

The lower part of the rib monobloc, which

serves as a support leg for the entirety of

the rib monobloc, is triangular in shape for

stability and has a °35 opening and closing

angle. Each support leg consists of two

parts, the long side and the short side, with

the short side increasing the load-bearing

capacity of the monolith and serving to

support the overall building.

Top structure

drawing

5 7

The ribbed monoliths are arranged

according to their length, with monolith

1 being the highest scale of the whole

building and one of the movable nodes

of the top structure that can be opened

and closed.

The acrylic triangular panels, which replace

the effect of glass in solid buildings, each with

a triangular angle of °35, are inserted into the

two support legs to serve as a fixed connection

between them and to share the forces on the two

support legs, transforming the entire support leg

structure into a large triangular body support.

The transparent structure allows the works to

be noticed from outside and adds natural light

to the interior, creating a natural and welcoming

atmosphere for visitors.

The flexible plastic film material

reflects the lightness and

translucency of the openable top

structure, which slowly unfolds

during the opening and closing

process, bringing in natural

light and insulating the exhibits

from damage caused by UV and

direct sunlight.

The small acrylic triangular piece at

the top brings natural light into the

room, reducing to a certain extent

the amount of time the pavilion is lit

during the day and adhering to the

green low-carbon concept.

The small triangular planks

at the top, which are the unit

blocks of the overall dynamic

structure, are arranged in

proportion to their size.

Hinge connection

elements

Hinged connection elements that allow the top

movable structure to open and close freely,

connecting the main body of the building with

the movable top part.

Scheme Finalized

—Floor plan locationplanning—

（ Ground Floor plan ）

People Mobility Map Analysis

——Air bubble diagram——

First Floor Second Floor

Exhibition related to

‘‘Round’’bubbles

Function-related

‘‘Square’’ bubbles

First Floor Second

Floor

First Floor Second

Floor

Adjacency Chart

(bubble chart)

Indoor bubbles

Colour bubble chart

Exhibition related to

‘‘Round’’bubbles

Function-related

‘‘Square’’ bubbles

The overall function of

the ground floor is ：

1. Two exhibition halls on both

sides, with approximately 12

exhibits on one side, for a total

of 24 pieces

2. For the high utilisation of small

space, the exhibition hall, the

merchandise area around the

art and the interactive area are

divided by two curves, so that the

small space can also be multifunctional in form.

3. The resting steps are

combined with the steps

to the first floor to give a

resting function, allowing

the interior environment to

fully absorb the beauty of

the outside, and giving the

staircase a function.

4. The resting step at the

entrance serves as an

ornamental view, allowing

the external environment to

fully feel the internal space

and creating a state of

tranquillity and relaxation.

Ground floor plan

The overall function of the

second floor is ：

1.The first floor terrace corridor

showroom is connected to the

ground floor terrace rest area,

saving space and at the same time

accounting for entrances and exits.

2.The second floor allows people to

intuitively feel the dynamic beauty

of the roof structure movement

process and receive natural light.

Second Floor Plan

Production process

——Drive unit research experiment

Production process

—— Model making（ Monoblock production ）

Parts Cutting Parts classification +

→

Monoblock assembly

Monoblock modelling experiments

Using wood panels as the main material for the model, the individual parts are laser cut and arranged and classified on the drawing

for assembly. The difficulty in assembling the monolithic part is to control the size of the angle opening and closing between the two

support legs and the upper and lower parts are connected with screws and nuts to make them movable nodes.

Position assembly

Front view Internal view

→

The overall skeletal framework of the building

The ribs are arranged in order of height, and the acrylic panels are installed at the bifurcations to give the building a transparent

texture that can be dispersed to withstand the building forces. As the main frame of the building to ensure its overall stability and

structure.

Roof

opening

and closing

structure

The two large dormer windows at the entrance to the front

of the building were originally designed to give visitors to

the interior a better view of the outside. Below the windows

there is a stepped lounge area, which combines the view of

the outside with the atmosphere of the artworks on display

inside the building, so that visitors can not only enjoy the

view from the windows but also reflect on the works on

display and nature.

Final Work

The roof can be opened and closed for

structural testing, the top drive area is

connected to the double wing using a

hinged open and close structure, the motor

drives its double wing structure to open and

close, allowing natural light to be introduced

to create a warm feeling in the interior

exhibition space.

The project is a ‘‘winged’’ structural gallery, a tentative creation in the path of the master

Santiago Calatrava, which takes into account his proposal for the movement of the building›s

structure. The project is a tribute to Santiago Calatrava, the master of bionic structures

of his generation, by combining his own research, understanding and aesthetics with the

theoretical research of the designer ！

The ’‘Flying Wing’‘ Gallery

Window lounge area

Ground floor interior effects First floor interior effect Materials

board

Interior view of the exhibition hall

The top of the building opens and closes with structural devices, and

the wooden wings give the building a sense of movement, as if it were

about to take off in the next moment. Each of the wooden wings is

made of plastic film stretched apart, which protects the top ceiling from

light and, at times when natural light is used, also provides a degree

of insulation from UV damage to the artwork. When visitors look up

at the top structure, the tight articulation of the structure and the light

transmission make the dome a work of art.

The shape of the drive section of the top opening and

closing structure is inspired by the bionic design of the

human spine, drawing on the way in which the joints of

the spine are connected, transforming its geometry and

assembling it with triangular wooden panels, acrylic

triangular wooden panels and hinges to reinforce the

various nodes of the spine›s skeletal structure.

Side view of

the building

(Detail)

Side of the building